应用密码技术是电子安全系统的关键技术，它主要实现保密性、完整性和不可否认性。本书包括密码算法、密码协议及使用方面的主要内容：分组密码算法、公钥密码算法、数字签名、哈希函数、密钥建立、密钥管理、身份识别、电子现金等。每章后附有阅读资料，部分章节配有习题。本书是在中国科学院研究生院讲授多年的讲义的基础上形成的。可以作为高等学校计算机科学、通信工程、信息安全等专业的研究生教材，也可以供有关工程技术人员参考。

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency， ICATPN 2006， held in Turku， Finland in June 2006.The 16 revised full papers and 6 revised tool papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 93 submissions. All current issues on research and development in the area of Petri nets and modeling of concurrent systems are addressed， in particular UML and Petri nets in software development， networking， workflow management， biochemical network analysis， systems modeling， process semantics probabilistic modeling， embedded systems， software services， performance analysis and simulation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets， ICATPN 2002， held in Adelaide， Australia， in June 2002.The 18 regular papers and one tool presentation presented together with six invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. All current issues on research and development of Petri nets are addressed， in particular concurrent systems analysis， model validation， business process management， reactive systems， workflow processes， wireless transaction protocols.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium， ANTS 2006， held in Berlin， Germany in July 2006.The 37 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on algebraic number theory， analytic and elementary number theory， lattices， curves and varieties over fields of characteristic zero， curves over finite fields and applications， and discrete logarithms.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Graph Transformations， ICGT 2006， held in Rio Grande do Norte， Brazil in September 2006.The 28 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures were carefully selected from 62 submissions. All current aspects in graph drawing are addressed including graph theory and graph algorithms， theoretic and semantic aspects， modeling， contributions to software engineering and global computing， applications to biology， and tool issues. The papers are organized in topical sections on new graph transformation models， structure manipulation， borrowed contexts and adhesive categories， extensions for distributed and global computing， software engineering methods and tools， model-driven development， efficient implementation， and logics. In addition the volume contains a short de*ion of a tutorial on foundations and applications of graph transformations， and short presentations of the satellite events of ICGT 2006.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference， COCOON 2002， held in Singapore in August 2002.The 60 revised full papers presented together with three invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 106 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on complexity theory， discrete algorithms， computational biology and learning theory， radio networks， automata and formal languages， Internet networks， computational geometry， combinatorial optimization， and quantum computing.

Program analysis is concerned with techniques that automatically determine run-time properties of given programs prior to run-time. It is used for validation in order to ensure that programs serve their intended purpose and in further processing for efficient execution such as in optimizing compilers. Optimal program analysis provides a guarantee about the precision of the computed results.This monograph， a revised version of the author's habilitation thesis， focusses on optimal flow analysis of sequential and parallel programs. It studies algorithmic properties of various versions of the well-known constant-propagation problem. In order to come to grips with the variants considered， it combines techniques from different areas such as linear algebra， computable ring theory， abstract interpretation， program verification， complexity theory， etc. Combination of techniques is the key to further progress in automatic analysis and constant-propagation allows us to illustrate this point in a theoretical study.After a general overview， the monograph consists of three essentially self-contained parts that can be read independently of each other. These parts study： a hierarchy of constants in sequential programs， inherent limits of flow analysis of parallel programs， and how to overcome these limits by abandoning a classic atomic execution assumption.

本书首先介绍了*事件和概率，接着介绍了*变量及其概率分布、*变量的联合概率分布、*变量的数字特征、大数定律和中心极限定理等内容。

本书是普通高等教育“十一五”*规划教材。版是按工科院校概率论与数理统计课程第Ⅱ类（概率少、统计多）教学基本要求编写的，第二版参照*修订的概率论与数理统计课程教学基本要求进 行修订，但仍保留了“概率少、统计多”的特色。前4章是概率论的基本内容，为数理统计准备必要的理论基础；后5章在概率论基础上侧重分析介绍如何用统计方法分析、解决带有*性的实际问题。两部分内容配合紧密。每章末的综合例题是全面运用该章理论与方法解决问题的范例。全书讲解清楚，文字通顺；内容安排重点突出，难点分散，由浅入深，便于接受；对于用统计方法对*变量的概率特征作出科学推断的基本思想、推断方法，分析透彻，归纳总结方法条理清楚。本书可作为工科院校本科各专业的教材或教学参考书。

由于成人高等教育专科起点升本科近年来发展迅速。2007年*重新颁布了《全国各类成人高等学校招生考试大纲——专科起点升本科》。本书编写组积多年对各次考试大纲的研究，对历年来试题的分析，研究成人高等学校专升本数学考试题几年来的变化特点，及十多年来的试题类型及考试的知识点，并结合多年来辅导专升本的教学经验并根据新大纲要求，对本书进行了重新修订，使其更利于考生复习、备考。此书具有以下特点：1.紧扣2007年专升本《考试大纲》的基本要求。2.符合成人考生的特点与需求，符合考试需求。本书易懂、易理解、易掌握。体现在突出基本概念与基本性质的特点，突出将基本方法条理化、强调公式的结构形式以使其“结构化”。3.对历年试题按各章的知识点进行分类归纳。使考生能够明确考试中常见的题型，明确考试中的知识点，从而使考生能更有针对性地复习。书中选配了大量的例题，且针对历年来试题的题型。例题中加以详尽的分析，侧重于问题的形式特点及解题思想方法。全书中避开了复杂运算与高难度的技巧性运算，使本书更贴近考试实际，更利于考生备考。高等数学（二）适用于：经济学、管理学以及职业教育类、生物科学类、地理科学类、环境科学类、心理学类、药学类（除中药学类外）六个一级学科的考生。相信此书能帮助读者避免走弯路，取得事半功倍的成效，伴你走向成功。