本书全面介绍了最新的因果推断方法，并以实践应用为辅，方便读者理解。本书化繁为简，层层深入地引导读者了解因果推断方法发展的历程和现状。通过本书，读者可以获得关于因果推断方法的全局视角。本书共5章，以递进的方式展开对因果推断方法的介绍。第1章从广泛熟悉的相关关系出发，通过介绍相关关系与因果关系的联系与区别过渡到对因果关系的探索。在明确因果关系概念的基础上，第2章主要介绍洞察因果关系的金标准：随机对照试验。基于随机对照试验的原理和不同的应用场景，本书将因果推断方法分为3类：基于设计思想的因果推断方法、基于潜在结果框架的因果推断方法和基于结构因果模型的因果推断方法。第3章～第5章分别对这3类方法进一步详细分类，并进行解析。同时，这3类方法的应用场景也呈现递进的关系。本书适合有一定统计知识背景的读者，特别是希望深入研究因果推断方法并将其应用于各领域实践的相关研究者。同时，本书也适合对因果推断方法感兴趣的在校学生和业界工作人员。

深度强化学习理论的提出为机器人控制中的动力学模型建立、环境状态信息感知等问题提供了丰富的解决思路。本书在现有的深度强化学习算法基础上，针对机器人控制中的机器人姿态平衡控制、机器人持物平衡控制、机器人抓取控制3个方面的问题展开研究，为基于深度强化学习的机器人控制问题提供一定的理论指导和技术支撑。

ASP（Active Server Pages）是当前流行的Web应用程序开发工具之一，它是一种功能强大、灵活易学的服务器端脚本编程环境。VBScript为ASP的脚本编程语言基础之一。本书主要依据中等职业学校旨在培养应用型、技术型人才这一培养目标而编写，语言通俗易懂。书中通过大量的实例，深入浅出地介绍了VBScript和ASP的有关知识。本书概念清晰、逻辑性强、层次分明、例题丰富，符合教师教学和学生学习的习惯。，书中每章后均附有典型习题，以加强学生的职业技能训练。本书突出操作实践，淡化理论阐述，针对性强，既有计算机语言教学的参考性、可操作性，又有实际开发应用的借鉴性、实用性。本书既可作为中等职业学校教学用书，也可作为初、中级读者的自学参考书。

本书从初学者的角度出发，结合实例介绍用ASP进行网络程序设计的应用技术，主要内容包括用HTML制作网页的基本元素、ASP基础知识、ASP的运行环境、VBSCRIPT基础知识、ASP的内置对象、ASP的组件及ASP与数据库的连接等。后给出了几个综合实例，包括创建留言板、聊天室及BBS论坛等。全书以基本概念为主线，以实例操作为主体，具有较强的可读性与可操作性。本书系统性强、条理清晰、内容完整、图文并茂、实例丰富，适于作为中等职业学校、高职高专及电脑培训学校的教材，也可作为计算机爱好者的自学教材，或供网络技术开发人员参阅。

This update to a Wrox bestseller dives in and guides the reader through the entire process of creating dynamic， data-driven sites using the open source "AMP" model： Apache Web server， the MySQL database system， and the PHP *ing language. The team of expert authors covers PHP *ing， database management， security， integration， and e-commerce functions and comes complete with a useful syntax reference.　·Showcases three fully functional Web site examples， with implementations for both Windows and Linux， that readers can incorporate into their own projects　·Updates include a new chapter on PHP5 features and functions， a new example Web site application， and updates to PHP5 throughout the text

"The expertise， thought， and effort that go into each book are obvious， and I sincerely appreciate your efforts. Keep up the wonderful work！"：Tracey Moore （Memphis， TN）Welcome to the only guidebook series that takes a visual approach to professional-level computer topics. Open the book and you will discover step-by-step screen shots that demonstrate over 140 key techniques using PHP amd MySQL， including：* Configuring Apache to process PHP code* Working with character strings* Creating， sorting， and comparing arrays* Defining and using functions* Finding and replacing substrings* Querying databases and retrieving data* Stopping and starting the MySQL server* Adding dynamic check boxes* Sending new Web pages to a browserExtra / Apply It* High-resolution screen shots demonstrate each task* Succinct explanations walk you through step-by-step* Two-page lessons break big topics into bite-sized modules* "Apply It" and "Extra" sidebars highlight useful tips

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Formal Methods， FM 2006， held in Hamilton， Canada in August 2006.The 36 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions and extended abstracts of 7 invited industrial presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 145 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on interactive verification， formal modelling of systems， real time， industrial experience， specification and refinement， programming languages， algebra， education， formal modelling of systems， formal aspects of java， model checking， and abstracts of invited talks from the industry day.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference of B Users， B 2007， held in Besançon， France in January 2007.The 30 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The topics of interest to the conference included： industrial applications and case studies using B， integration of model-based specification methods in the software development lifecycle， derivation of hardware-software architecture from model-based specifications， expressing and validating requirements through formal models， in particular verifying security policies， theoretical issues in formal development， model-based software testing， tools supporting the B method， development by composition of specifications， validation of assembly of COTS by model-based specification methods， B extensions and/or standardization.

This tutorial book presents nine carefully revised lectures given at the 5th International School on Functional Programming， AFP 2004， in Tartu， Estonia in August 2004. The book presents the following nine， carefully cross-reviewed chapters， written by leading authorities in the field： Typing Haskell with an Attribute Grammar， Programming with Arrows， Epigram： Practical Programming with Dependent Types， Combining Datatypes and Effects， GEC： a toolkit for Generic Rapid Prototyping， A Functional Shell that Operates on Typed and Compiled Applications， Declarative Debugging with Buddha， Server-Side Web Programming in WASH， and Refactoring Functional Programs.

本书针对复杂信息系统能力需求，主要定位于软件领域的需求工程和系统工程领域的建模仿真方法，具有一定的专业性和针对性。本书所介绍的建模与仿真方法，只限定于系统能力需求模型，包括能力需求的相关概念，多视图体系结构框架，并对该方法所涉及的系统建模语言SysML、BNF规范、动作语义等进行简单描述，对于这些语言工具具体的内容未作详细介绍，读者可参见相关专业书籍。本书重点关注能力需求的可执行建模方法，通过在能力需求模型中添加动作语义，实现了能力需求模型的可执行仿真，最后通过配套的可执行仿真评估工具的介绍，为读者更加直观了解该方法的可操作性和可用性提供参考。