植物保护
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樟树优良品系选育及精深加工利用江香梅,肖复明,罗丽萍 等《樟树优良品系选育及精深加工利用》分为6章,分别为樟树化学型的划分及其快速鉴别技术,樟树不同部位精油比较研究及空间变化规律。樟树5种化学类型叶精油比较研究及年变化规律,樟树药用、香料品系选育及高效无性繁育体系建立,樟树药用、香料成分提取纯化及精深加工关键技术,樟树籽油成分分析及功能性油脂制备关键技术。是广大林业科技、教学、管理和生产经营者宝贵的参考资料。
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世界直翅目害虫防治百科全书暂缺作者Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, 1787) (Acrididae) Christiaan Kooyman Green Pest Control Services, Nanyuki, Kenya; cckooyman@gmail.com Acanthacris ruficornis citrina (photo by M. Lecoq) OTHER COMMON NAMES Garden grasshopper (En), Parare-bustani (Swahili). IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS Large species with two subspecies: A. r. ruficornis female 5-6.5 cm long; 世界直翅目害虫百科全书2019-1_zw1.indd 3 2020/1/9 9:13:02 4 Encyclopedia of Pest Orthoptera of the World male 3.5-5 cm; A. r. citrina Female 7.5–9 cm long; Male 5.5–6.8 cm. The colour of the former subspecies is light brown with very dark brown spots on pronotum and tegmina, while the latter is very light brown to yellowish with lighter dark brown spots or hardly any. There is a tendency for individuals to be lighter coloured in drier areas and darker coloured in wetter areas. Nymphs are characteristically mottled darker and lighter green with white spots and lines on pronotum, legs and abdomen. Larger nymphs may be mottled brown. Adults of this species can be distinguished from the other Acanthacris species by the combination of brown to yellow and the deeper trilobate subgenital plate. DISTRIBUTION A. r. ruficornis occurs throughout sub-Saharan Africa from the West African forest zone south to South Africa and east to Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It also occurs on Madagascar and other Indian Ocean islands. A. r. citrina is restricted to the Sahelian and Sudanian vegetation belts from Senegal to Sudan and occurs in Morocco and Algeria as well. HOSTS Natural Hosts Feeds on a wide range of broad-leaved plants, often trees and bushes. Nothing is known about its preferences. Major Crop Hosts There are many reports of damage to crops, but in most cases, damage is minor, probably because the species is not usually known for high population densities. Where and when numbers are fairly high, damage to vegetables can be considerable. When high numbers coincide with the forming of new shoots by tree or vine crops, large numbers of shoots may be consumed, as has been reported, e.g., on grape vines in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Damage to coffee berries has also been reported. PLANT DAMAGE/ ECONOMIC IMPACT As mentioned above, damage can be significant when new shoots or berries are attacked. A considerable number of leaves can be damaged or even stripped, especially on fruit trees and vegetables. Though damage to crops can 世界直翅目害虫百科全书2019-1_zw1.indd 4 2020/1/9 9:13:02 5 GARDEN LOCUST occasionally be severe, the pest status of A. ruficornis is relatively low. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY In most places, A. ruficornis has only a single generation. Adults survive the dry season and lay eggs at the start of the rainy season, after which they die. Under unusual circumstances, e.g. in irrigation schemes, there may be several overlapping generations. Egg pods are 4–5 cm long and 1 cm wide, are often slightly curved and contain around 120 eggs that are each 6.5 mm × 1.5 mm. Every egg pod is covered with a froth plug of about 1.5 cm long that protects the eggs from drying out. However, the plug is not very strong in this species and is unlikely to provide much protection against predators. Each female lays up to three egg pods. Depending on the ambient temperatures, the egg stage may last 1–2 months, while hopper development takes from 2 to 4 months. Males go through 6 instars and females through 7 instars. MANAGEMENT Biological Control A product based on spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum (strain IMI 330189) is still available in several southern African countries and Madagascar, but not in the rest of Africa. However, a new product based on the strain EVCH077 is nearing registration in West Africa and will be rolled out across the rest of the continent. The spores are applied in an oil suspension. Since the product takes at least 10 days to kill large hoppers and adults (the most damaging stages), early intervention is required to minimise damage. Chemical Control Chemical insecticides are still used in most cases. Since most farmers do not closely monitor this pest species, “quick kill” is often required when infestations become manifest. The only other way to control these grasshoppers is manual removal of nymphs, which is feasible with small-scale infestations that are not too heavy. MAIN INFORMATION SOURCES COPR. 1982. The Locust and Grasshopper Agricultural Manual. Centre for 世界直翅目害虫百科全书2019-1_zw1.indd 5 2020/1/9 9:13:02 6 Encyclopedia of Pest Orthoptera of the World Overseas Pest Research, London. Lecoq M., 1978. Biologie et dynamique d'un peuplement acridien de zone soudanienne en Afrique de l'Ouest (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (N.S.). 14: 603–681.
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柑橘黄龙病流行学及监测预警控制汪恩国柑橘黄龙病是一种由柑橘木虱传播的重型细菌病害,是一种由革兰阴性细菌引起并限于韧皮部内寄生的全株性侵染病害,对柑桔安全生产构成极大威胁。《柑橘黄龙病流行学及监测预警控制》分为六章,第一章为柑橘黄龙病发病流行动态概述;第二章为柑橘黄龙病病原及分子生物学特性;第三章为柑橘黄龙病介体昆虫生物学特性及其传病规律;第四章为柑橘黄龙病发病流行规律及成灾发生原理,第五章为柑橘黄龙病监测预警技术;第六章为柑橘黄龙病持续防控技术及应用效果评价。
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蔬菜栽培与绿色防控技术刘海龙暂缺简介...
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农药学吴文君,罗万春 编《农药学(第2版)》以突出“三基”为原则,即突出基本概念、基本理论和基础知识,避免将尚未成熟的研究结果写入教材,注重“简、略、新”的有机结合。“杀虫剂”“杀菌剂”“除草剂”三章的变动较大,将上版的按照化学结构分类改为按作用机制分类。全书除了绪论外,共包含10章:农药的基本概念和农药学的研究范畴、杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀菌剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂、杀软体动物剂、杀鼠剂、植物生长调节剂、新农药的创制。
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中国农民的农药施用张超,胡瑞法 著本书比较全面地总结了作者对于中国农药施用问题系统性思考的阶段性成果。作者基于大量统计数据和调研数据,以实事求是的学术态度,主要采用实证研究方法对中国农民农药施用的行为特点、健康影响和驱动因素进行了深入的研究。全书共分四篇十三章,其中第一篇为绪论,主要介绍了研究背景、目标、内容和结构安排以及中国农药工业发展和施用的趋势与现状;第二篇为中国农民农药施用的行为特点,主要从不同视角分析了农药过量、不足和错误施用的特点;第三篇为农药施用对农民的健康影响,根据农民健康检查数据从不同角度考察了农药施用对农民健康,尤其是周围神经传导的负面影响;第四篇为农药施用的驱动因素,主要分析了城乡收入差距、政府农业技术推广体系改革和病虫害防治干预等对农药施用的影响。本书可以用作普通高等院校和科研单位经济学类、管理学类和农学类师生和研究人员的教学科研参考书,也可以为各级政府农业行政主管部门、技术推广部门的领导、政策制定者及其他管理人员提供政策依据和参考。
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农业昆虫袁水霞 编《农业昆虫/高等职业教育农业农村部“十三五”规划教材》分5个项目。项目一主要介绍了昆虫的外部形态与内部构造的识别、昆虫的繁殖发育与习性认知、常见农业昆虫类群的识别、昆虫标本的采集制作与保存、昆虫与环境的关系认知、农业害虫的调查和预测预报、农业害虫的综合防治技术,是农业昆虫的基础部分。项目二为地下害虫及小麦、水稻、禾谷类杂粮、棉花、油料作物、薯类、储粮等害虫的防治技术,项目三为苹果、梨、桃、葡萄及其他果树害虫的防治技术,项目四为十字花科、茄科、葫芦科蔬菜害虫的防治技术,项目五为观赏植物食叶性、吸汁性、蛀干性害虫的防治技术,这4个项目是农业昆虫的应用技能部分,主要介绍农业害虫的形态特征、发生规律、虫情调查与预测预报及防治技术。《农业昆虫/高等职业教育农业农村部“十三五”规划教材》注重理论知识和实践操作的有机融合,以培养学生技术应用能力为主线,以基础知识必须够用为原则,专业知识突出应用性和适用性,满足专业人才培养的需要。《农业昆虫/高等职业教育农业农村部“十三五”规划教材》可作为高等职业院校种植类专业的教材,也可供农业科技工作者和管理人员参考使用。
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二化螟水稻、茭白种群及其生态控制陈建明,钟海英 等 著昆虫随寄主植物的差异而产生种群分化,是当今的热点难点问题。二化螟是我国重要的粮食作物——水稻和经济作物——茭白生产中重要害虫之一,给农业生产带来很大的经济损失。不同寄主植物(水稻、茭白)有利于二化螟的种群分化。近年来,由于我国种植业结构的调整,茭白种植面积不断扩大,成为与水稻密切相关的非稻田生境,但这两种作物上的二化螟是否属于同一种类,在行为、生态和生理上是否存在差异,还存有许多争议。为明确茭白、水稻上二化螟的表型差异、更好地对二化螟种群动态进行预测和治理,编者在总结国内外二化螟研究和治理经验,特别是课题组多年来研究进展的基础上编写了《二化螟水稻、茭白种群及其生态控制》。书中全面、系统地比较了二化螟水稻种群和茭白种群的形态结构、生物学与生态学特性、行为反应、生理生化、抗药性监测及抗性机制、肠道细菌组成与中肠转录组、监测预报和生态控制技术。全书共分为6章,包括二化螟水稻、茭白种群的发生与为害,二化螟水稻、茭白种群的形态,二化螟水稻、茭白种群的生物学和生态学,二化螟水稻、茭白种群的生理生化与分子生物学,二化螟水稻、茭白种群的抗药性监测、抗性机制和治理方法,二化螟水稻、茭白种群的生态控制技术等。书末附有国家(行业)标准《水稻二化螟测报调查规范》《农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀虫剂防治水稻鳞翅目钻蛀性害虫》《农作物害虫性诱监测技术规范(螟蛾类)》和《水稻二化螟抗药性检测技术规程》,以方便读者参考。《二化螟水稻、茭白种群及其生态控制》内容新颖、资料丰富,图文并茂,附有大量清晰照片,集研究和应用于一体,适合我国农业植物保护工作者、农业技术推广人员和水稻、茭白生产者使用,也可供农林院校植物保护专业的师生参考。
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无人机植保技术杨苡 著本书是根据编者的农业理论教学实践以及多年从事无人机植保作业的经验编写而成的。本书共4 章,主要讲述了植保旋翼无人机的基础知识、植保旋翼无人机的组成与操作、植保旋翼无人机的作业解析以及植保旋翼无人机的农业相关知识等内容。本书介绍的内容大部分来自于实践,贴近我国植保现状,指导性、操作性和实用性较强。本书可作为各类高职院校无人机应用技术及相关专业的教材,也适用于广大种植户、从事植保的“飞防人”以及从事农业技术推广的技术人员,还可作为无人机植保技术爱好者的参考用书。本书配有电子课件,选择本书作为教材的教师可登录机械工业出版社教育服务网(www.cmpedu.com)免费注册后下载或联系编辑(010-88379194)咨询。
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昆虫传植物病毒流行学及其预防陈声祥,燕飞,陈剑平 著《昆虫传植物病毒流行学及其预防》综述了病毒源的生命特性及其与生存环境之间的互作关系,设计出昆虫传植物病毒生存状态时空模型,认为该类病毒的暴发流行实质是在其时空模型中的一个短暂而极不稳定的动态过程,在这个过程来临之前或发生之初及时采取病毒防控措施才能经济而有效地预防病毒流行危害。书中列举了病毒增长量的预测模型和病毒病害有效防控实例。