本书是与浙江大学编写的“十二五”普通高等教育本科国家级规划教材《无机及分析化学》（第三版）配套的学习指导用书。本书的出版，旨在为教师备课以及学生学习提供辅导。面对培养创新人才的需求，从培养自主学习能力的角度出发，希望学生通过对本教材的学习，促进对所涉及知识的梳理、总结和归纳，并在此基础上实现知识的巩固、升华和拓展。本书以章作为基本单元，每章包括学习要求、内容概要、典型例题、思考题解答和习题解答5个部分，最后附了两套模拟试卷及参考答案。本书适用于理工农医各专业开设“无机及分析化学”课程使用，也可作为相关专业研究生入学考试的参考书。

本书围绕光散射的理论基础展开， 着重关注石墨烯基材料独特的电子能带结构所导致的拉曼散射过程， 以及外界微扰对其拉曼散射过程的影响， 并系统地介绍当前拉曼光谱在表征石墨烯基材料及其相关异质结和器件方面的应用和代表性的研究工作。

发展功能化石墨烯材料，研究其结构及物理化学性质，探索其在不同领域的应用，对推动石墨烯材料的实用化具有重要意义，是目前和未来石墨烯领域的重要研究方向。本书旨在对功能化石墨烯相关研究领域进行较为系统的分析和归纳整理，以期对石墨烯功能化领域的研究进展进行较为系统的梳理。

发表科学论文是科研工作者进行学术交流和科学传承的重要途径。在过去40年的研究历程中，作者从事过从物理学、电子显微学到材料学，再到能源学等多个学科和领域的研究，历经了从理论到实验，从科学到技术的交叉研究历程。通过梳理该论文摘要集所收录的代表作，作者希望能达到以下几个目的：一是能够呈现出作者过去40年来的研究历程和思维方式的演变和突变过程；二是给出如何创立一个新领域的系统性布局和发展一个交叉学科的创新性思维；三是还原在2006年以前的二十多年间，为找到一个属于作者自己的崭新领域而苦苦寻求及知识积累的漫长过程；四是体现在研究方向上，在遵循“一棵树”的主导理念下，如何实现“三年一小变、五年一大变”的目标；*后是反映科研工作追求螺旋式上升、不断提高的理念。收录的论文基于以下五个标准：提出新的科学思想或理念，提出新的物理效应，开启一个新的研究领域，在建立一个研究领域过程中具有标志性的突出贡献，展现原创技术在一些领域的*次示范应用。在筛选这些代表作中，作者并没有考虑发表这些文章的期刊的影响因子，而是斟酌这些文章对学术领域和实际产业是否具有实质性贡献。希望这部论文摘要集能够为青年学生和年轻学者展现出作者“从0到1”原创性研究的思维方法和分享作者“十年磨一剑”与“千里走单骑”的科研历程。

In crystallography，crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrange-ment of atoms，ions or molecules in a crystalline material.Ordered structures oc-cur from the intrinsic nature ofthe constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter.The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes this repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure.The unit cell completely reflects the sym-metry and structure of the entire crystal，which is built up by repetitive translation of the unit cell along its principal axes.The translation vectors define the nodes of the Bravais lattice.The lengths of the principal axes，or edges，of the unit cell and the angles between them are the lattice constants，also called lattice parameters or cell para-meters.The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups.All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimen-sional space may be described by the 230 space groups.The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties，such as cleavage，electronic band structure，and optical trans-parency.In the present book，twenty-nine typical literatures about crystalline struc-ture published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress，which contains reviews or original researches on crystallography，crystalline material，electronic band structure and optical transpa-rency，etc.We hope this book can demonstrate advances in crystalline structure as well as give references to the researchers，students and other related people.

Soft nanoscience is an area that is occupied principally by chemists， and is in many ways indistinguishable from nanochemistry.Soft nanoscience is the branch of nanotechnology concerned with the synthesis and properties of organic and organometallic nanostructures， and with nanofabrication using techniques in which soft components play key roles.It begins with a brief history of soft nano-technology.This history has followed a path involving a gradual shift from the promise of revolutionary electronics， nanorobotics， and other futuristic concepts，to the realization of evolutionary improvements in the technology for current challenges in information technology， medicine， and sustainability.Soft nano-science is an area that is occupied principally by chemists， and is in many ways indistinguishable from nanochemistry.The paper identifies the natural tendency of its practitioners-exemplified by the speakers at this Faraday Discussion-tofocus on synthesis and structure， rather than on function and application， of nano-structures.Soft nanotechnology has the potential to apply to a wide variety of large-scale applied （information technology， healthcare cost reduction， sustainabil-ity， energy） and fundamental （molecular biochemistry， cell biology， charge trans-port in organic matter） problems.In the present book， twenty-one typical literatures about soft nanoscience published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress， which contains reviews or original researches on soft nanoscience， which includes polymers and colloids.This will necessarily address nanostructured polymers （e.g.block copolymers）， nanocomposites， physical gels，microemulsions， surface/interface modification， new processes （e.g.electrospin-https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334113.ning/spraying）， confinement effects， the organic/biological interface， and respon-sive/functional polymers.We hope this book can demonstrate advances in soft nanoscience as well as give references to the researchers， students and other re-lated people.

The Additive Manufacturing （3D printing） process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design （CAD） model，usually by successively add-ing material layer by layer，wbich is why it is also called additive manufacturing，and unlike conventional machining，casting and forging processes，where material is removed from a stock item or poured into a mold and shaped by means of dies，presses and hammers. The umbrella term additive manufacturing （AM） gained popularity in the 2000s，inspired by the theme of material being added together （in any of various ways）. In contrast，the term subtractive manufacturing appeared as a retronym for the large family of machining processes with material removal as their common theme. The term 3D printing still referred only to the polymer tech-nologies in most minds，and the term AM was more likely to be used in metal-working and end use part production contexts than among polymer，ink-jet，or ste-reo lithography enthusiasts.In the present book，thirty typical literatures about additive manufacturing published on intemational authoritative joumals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress，which contains reviews or original researches on Rapid Prototyping，3D printing and Solid Free-form Fabrication，etc. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in Additive Manufacturing as well as give refer-ences to the researchers，students and other related people.

从宏观层面分析2010年以来北京、天津和河北省化肥、农药、农膜等农用化学投入品的使用量、变化规律、施肥强度、施药强度等情况；基于农户视角，从微观层面摸清农户对种植业源环境污染的认知与意识，农户化肥、农药、农膜使用行为，以及农业清洁生产技术采纳行为与持久采纳意愿，进一步探究京津冀种植业源环境污染形成的原因。同时借鉴靠前种植业农用化学品投入减量增效经验，提出京津冀区域种植业农用化学品减量增效路径与防控对策，为减少京津冀种植业源污染排放，推动京津冀环境协同发展提供理论支撑。

本书遵循绿色化学的理念，在保证基本技能和基本操作训练的前提下，强调现代有机合成中的无水无氧操作、层析跟踪和层析分离，同时增加了新技术、新技能实验，如微波反应、光化学反应、过渡金属催化、不对称催化及酶催化、多步骤有机合成等相关内容。教材共六章，包括：有机化学实验的基本知识、有机化合物的分离与提纯技术、有机化学基础实验、现代有机合成方法及多步骤有机合成实验，共65个实验项目。附录从实用性出发，介绍了有机化学实验常用仪器的中引文对照、有机化学实验常用溶剂的纯化，希望对科研工作者有所帮助。本书适合高等院校化学及相关专业的本科生作为教材，也可以作为有机化学及相关专业科技人员的参考书。

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a single layer of atoms in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice in which one atom forms each vertex.It is the basic structural element of other allotropes，including graphite，charcoal，carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.It can also be considered as an indefinitely large aromatic molecule，the ultimate case of the family of flat polycyclic aro-matic hydrocarbons.Graphene has a unique set of properties which set it apart from other mate-rials.In proportion to its thickness，it is about 100 times stronger than the strongest steel.It conducts heat and electricity very efficiently and is nearly transparent.Graphene also shows a large and nonlinear diamagnetism，even greater than gra-phite，and can be levitated by Nd-Fe-B magnets.Researchers have identified the bipolar transistor effect，ballistic transport of charges and large quantum oscilla-tions in the material.In the present book，thirty-three typical literatures about Graphene published on international authontative joumals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress，which contains reviews or original researches on Graphene.We hope this book can demonstrate advances in Graphene as well as give references to the researchers，students and other related people.