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气体热动力润滑与密封
作者：白少先，温诗铸 著
出版社：清华大学出版社
出版时间：2022-01-01
ISBN：9787302598336
定价：¥88.00
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内容简介
本书全面系统的阐述了气体润滑与密封的理论和设计分析方法。内容包括：气体状态方程与基本性质、气体润滑方程、等温气体润滑理论、刚性表面气体热润滑理论、气体密封热弹流润滑理论、端面密封气体热弹流动态特性、高压气体冷凝析水润滑、密封实验与设计方法。
作者简介
白少先，男，1976年生，博士，浙江工业大学研究员、博士生导师。1998年7月毕业于山东轻工业学院机械设计与制造专业，获学士学位；2001年7月毕业于太原理工大学机械设计及理论专业，获硕士学位；2004年7月毕业于华南理工大学机械设计及理论专业，获博士学位；2006年11月从清华大学机械工程博士后流动站出站，进入浙江工业大学工作；2011年9月至2012年2月，在美国宾夕法尼亚大学从事访问学者研究。现为中国机械工程学会高级会员，中国机械工程学会摩擦学分会青年工作委员会委员，气体润滑专业委员会副主任委员，入选浙江省151人才计划第三层次、浙江省高校中青年学科带头人，获浙江省自然科学杰出青年基金资助。主要从事高温界面流体润滑与发动机密封研究，重点在高温流体润滑理论、密封表面减磨耐磨新结构设计、密封表面精密加工技术、密封实验测试技术、密封寿命预测与可靠性评定等方面开展工作。主持国家自然科学基金、浙江省自然科学基金、浙江省科技计划项目、清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室开放基金项目、企业密封技术研发项目等10余项。发表SCI论文20余篇，获授权国家发明专利8项。
目录
CHAPTER 1 Properties of gases.1
1.1 Gas equations 1
1.1.1 Ideal gas equations.. 2
1.1.2 Gas index equation.. 3
1.1.3 Actual gas equation. 5
1.1.4 Degree of gas molecular freedom .. 5
1.1.5 Specific heat capacity 7
1.2 Viscosity ..7
1.3 Property of wet gas .11
1.3.1 Pressure .. 12
1.3.2 Humidity. 13
1.3.3 Dew point temperature 14
References 14
CHAPTER 2 Gas lubrication equations. 15
2.1 Reynolds equation 15
2.1.1 Derivation of Reynolds equation.. 16
2.1.2 Reynolds equation in the polar coordinate system . 19
2.1.3 Reynolds equation in the cylindrical coordinate system.. 19
2.1.4 Lubrication parameters .. 20
2.2 Energy equation.22
2.2.1 Chang of gas inner energy 23
2.2.2 External work on gas and energy loss 24
2.3 Solid heat conduction equation and the interface equation ..26
2.4 Numerical analysis method.27
2.4.1 Finite difference method 27
2.4.2 Flow conservation. 28
2.4.3 Friction force balance . 34
References 35
CHAPTER 3 Isothermal gas lubrication .. 37
3.1 Sliders .37
3.1.1 Lubrication equation 38
3.1.2 Pressure boundary condition 40
3.1.3 Lubrication performance parameters.. 40
VI Contents
3.2
3.3
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.1.4 Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of sliders.. 41
3.1.5 Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of divergent sliders .. 43
3.1.6 Lubrication characteristics of the magnetic head slider . 45 Journal bearing and radial seal .51
3.2.1 Lubrication equations.. 52
3.2.2 Boundary conditions 52
3.2.3 Lubrication parameters .. 53
3.2.4 Lubrication characteristics 55
Spiral groove thrust bearing56
3.3.1 Gas lubrication equations.. 59
3.3.2 Pressure boundary conditions . 60
3.3.3 Lubrication parameters .. 60
3.3.4 Lubrication characteristics 61
3.3.5 Spiral groove face seal 64
3.3.6 Lubrication equations.. 65
3.3.7 Pressure boundary conditions . 65
3.3.8 Seal performance parameters.. 66
3.3.9 Lubrication regularity . 66
References 71
Gas thermohydrodynamic lubrication of rigid surfaces.. 73 Sliders .73
4.1.1 Gas lubrication equations.. 73
4.1.2 Boundary conditions 75
4.1.3 Thermal lubrication characteristics . 75
Journal bearing and radial seal .79
4.2.1 Lubrication equations.. 79
4.2.2 Thermal boundary condition 80
4.2.3 Lubrication property 80
Spiral groove thrust bearing83
4.3.1 Lubrication equations.. 83
4.3.2 Boundary conditions 85
4.3.3 Lubrication property 86
Spiral groove face seal..86
4.4.1 Temperature characteristics of gas film 91
4.4.2 Lubrication property 94
References 99
Contents VII
CHAPTER 5 Gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication of face seals . 101
5.1 Fundamental equations101
5.1.1 Lubrication equations 101
5.1.2 Boundary conditions . 104
5.2 Choked fluid effect107
5.2.1 Model validation . 107
5.2.2 Pressure distribution characteristics . 109
5.3 Characteristics of thermoelastic distortions of seal faces..109
5.4 Characteristics of gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication..111
5.4.1 Mechanical distortions . 111
5.4.2 Thermal distortions 115
5.4.3 Thermoelastic distortions 117
References. 120
CHAPTER 6 Transient thermoelastohydrodynamic gas lubrication of face seals 121
6.1 Fundamental equations121
6.1.1 Dynamic equations. 122
6.1.2 Lubrication equations 122
6.1.3 Boundary conditions . 123
6.1.4 Dynamic characteristic parameter . 123
6.2 Dynamic characteristics of isothermal gas lubrication .124
6.2.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 124
6.2.2 Angular stiffness and damping 126
6.2.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film .. 129
6.3 Dynamic characteristics of thermal gas lubrication of rigid surfaces 130
6.3.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 131
6.3.2 Angular stiffness and damping 134
6.3.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film .. 137
6.4 Dynamic characteristics of gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication..137
6.4.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 137
6.4.2 Angular stiffness and damping of gas film .. 139
6.4.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film. 140 References. 141
VIII Contents
CHAPTER 7 Vapor-condensed gas lubrication of face seals .. 143
7.1 Fundamental equations143
7.1.1 Wet gas equations .. 143
7.1.2 Vapor-condensed parameter . 145
7.2 Characteristics of vapor condensation in gas lubrication film 145
7.3 Laws of vapor condensation in gas lubrication film..146
7.3.1 Humidity.. 146
7.3.2 Seal clearance 147
7.3.3 Seal pressure . 148
7.3.4 Rotational speed.. 148
7.4 Movement of liquid drops on gas lubrication surfaces.150
7.4.1 Surface wetting model . 150
7.4.2 Surface-texture geometry parameters and wettability 152
7.4.3 Droplet motion . 158
7.4.4 Drop adsorption on seal surface . 164
References. 164
CHAPTER 8 Cryogenic gas lubrication of face seals 167
8.1 Fundamental equations167
8.1.1 Lubrication equations 168
8.1.2 Boundary conditions . 171
8.2 Phase change in gas lubrication film..172
8.3 Characteristics of thermoelastic distortions of seal faces 173
8.4 Characteristics of cryogenic gas lubrication173
8.4.1 Ambient temperature 174
8.4.2 Rotation speed.. 174
References. 177
CHAPTER 9 Surface grooves of gas face seals and testing technology.. 179
9.1 Surface grooves of gas face seals .179
9.2 Testing technology of gas face seals ..185
9.2.1 Experimental setup. 185
9.2.2 Face groove machining 185
9.2.3 Face morphology test 187
9.3 Experimental characteristics of gas face seals ..188
9.3.1 Seal opening characteristic 188
9.3.2 Hydrodynamic characteristics.. 190
Contents IX
9.3.3 Surface wear.. 192
References. 195
CHAPTER 10 Design of gas face seals 197
10.1 Force analysis of gas seals197
10.1.1 Opening force. 198
10.1.2 Closing force.. 198
10.1.3 O-ring friction force 199
10.2 Geometric parameters of gas face seals 199
10.2.1 Seal clearance. 199
10.2.2 Seal face width.. 199
10.2.3 Balance diameter.. 200
10.2.4 Seal face and shaft (shaft sleeve) clearance.. 200
10.3 Performance parameters of gas face seals201
10.3.1 Leakage rate 201
10.3.2 Gas film stiffness . 201
10.4 Materials of the seal couple .202
10.5 Dimension design of seal rings..202
10.5.1 Design of rotor dimension .. 202
10.5.2 Design of stator dimension . 203
10.5.3 Design of the face groove 204
10.6 Design of the secondary seal ..205
10.7 Process of seal design and illustration205
10.7.1 Process of seal design 205
10.7.2 Design conditions. 206
10.7.3 Design steps 206
References. 218
Index .219
1.1 Gas equations 1
1.1.1 Ideal gas equations.. 2
1.1.2 Gas index equation.. 3
1.1.3 Actual gas equation. 5
1.1.4 Degree of gas molecular freedom .. 5
1.1.5 Specific heat capacity 7
1.2 Viscosity ..7
1.3 Property of wet gas .11
1.3.1 Pressure .. 12
1.3.2 Humidity. 13
1.3.3 Dew point temperature 14
References 14
CHAPTER 2 Gas lubrication equations. 15
2.1 Reynolds equation 15
2.1.1 Derivation of Reynolds equation.. 16
2.1.2 Reynolds equation in the polar coordinate system . 19
2.1.3 Reynolds equation in the cylindrical coordinate system.. 19
2.1.4 Lubrication parameters .. 20
2.2 Energy equation.22
2.2.1 Chang of gas inner energy 23
2.2.2 External work on gas and energy loss 24
2.3 Solid heat conduction equation and the interface equation ..26
2.4 Numerical analysis method.27
2.4.1 Finite difference method 27
2.4.2 Flow conservation. 28
2.4.3 Friction force balance . 34
References 35
CHAPTER 3 Isothermal gas lubrication .. 37
3.1 Sliders .37
3.1.1 Lubrication equation 38
3.1.2 Pressure boundary condition 40
3.1.3 Lubrication performance parameters.. 40
VI Contents
3.2
3.3
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.1.4 Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of sliders.. 41
3.1.5 Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of divergent sliders .. 43
3.1.6 Lubrication characteristics of the magnetic head slider . 45 Journal bearing and radial seal .51
3.2.1 Lubrication equations.. 52
3.2.2 Boundary conditions 52
3.2.3 Lubrication parameters .. 53
3.2.4 Lubrication characteristics 55
Spiral groove thrust bearing56
3.3.1 Gas lubrication equations.. 59
3.3.2 Pressure boundary conditions . 60
3.3.3 Lubrication parameters .. 60
3.3.4 Lubrication characteristics 61
3.3.5 Spiral groove face seal 64
3.3.6 Lubrication equations.. 65
3.3.7 Pressure boundary conditions . 65
3.3.8 Seal performance parameters.. 66
3.3.9 Lubrication regularity . 66
References 71
Gas thermohydrodynamic lubrication of rigid surfaces.. 73 Sliders .73
4.1.1 Gas lubrication equations.. 73
4.1.2 Boundary conditions 75
4.1.3 Thermal lubrication characteristics . 75
Journal bearing and radial seal .79
4.2.1 Lubrication equations.. 79
4.2.2 Thermal boundary condition 80
4.2.3 Lubrication property 80
Spiral groove thrust bearing83
4.3.1 Lubrication equations.. 83
4.3.2 Boundary conditions 85
4.3.3 Lubrication property 86
Spiral groove face seal..86
4.4.1 Temperature characteristics of gas film 91
4.4.2 Lubrication property 94
References 99
Contents VII
CHAPTER 5 Gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication of face seals . 101
5.1 Fundamental equations101
5.1.1 Lubrication equations 101
5.1.2 Boundary conditions . 104
5.2 Choked fluid effect107
5.2.1 Model validation . 107
5.2.2 Pressure distribution characteristics . 109
5.3 Characteristics of thermoelastic distortions of seal faces..109
5.4 Characteristics of gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication..111
5.4.1 Mechanical distortions . 111
5.4.2 Thermal distortions 115
5.4.3 Thermoelastic distortions 117
References. 120
CHAPTER 6 Transient thermoelastohydrodynamic gas lubrication of face seals 121
6.1 Fundamental equations121
6.1.1 Dynamic equations. 122
6.1.2 Lubrication equations 122
6.1.3 Boundary conditions . 123
6.1.4 Dynamic characteristic parameter . 123
6.2 Dynamic characteristics of isothermal gas lubrication .124
6.2.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 124
6.2.2 Angular stiffness and damping 126
6.2.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film .. 129
6.3 Dynamic characteristics of thermal gas lubrication of rigid surfaces 130
6.3.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 131
6.3.2 Angular stiffness and damping 134
6.3.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film .. 137
6.4 Dynamic characteristics of gas thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication..137
6.4.1 Axial stiffness and damping . 137
6.4.2 Angular stiffness and damping of gas film .. 139
6.4.3 Amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas film. 140 References. 141
VIII Contents
CHAPTER 7 Vapor-condensed gas lubrication of face seals .. 143
7.1 Fundamental equations143
7.1.1 Wet gas equations .. 143
7.1.2 Vapor-condensed parameter . 145
7.2 Characteristics of vapor condensation in gas lubrication film 145
7.3 Laws of vapor condensation in gas lubrication film..146
7.3.1 Humidity.. 146
7.3.2 Seal clearance 147
7.3.3 Seal pressure . 148
7.3.4 Rotational speed.. 148
7.4 Movement of liquid drops on gas lubrication surfaces.150
7.4.1 Surface wetting model . 150
7.4.2 Surface-texture geometry parameters and wettability 152
7.4.3 Droplet motion . 158
7.4.4 Drop adsorption on seal surface . 164
References. 164
CHAPTER 8 Cryogenic gas lubrication of face seals 167
8.1 Fundamental equations167
8.1.1 Lubrication equations 168
8.1.2 Boundary conditions . 171
8.2 Phase change in gas lubrication film..172
8.3 Characteristics of thermoelastic distortions of seal faces 173
8.4 Characteristics of cryogenic gas lubrication173
8.4.1 Ambient temperature 174
8.4.2 Rotation speed.. 174
References. 177
CHAPTER 9 Surface grooves of gas face seals and testing technology.. 179
9.1 Surface grooves of gas face seals .179
9.2 Testing technology of gas face seals ..185
9.2.1 Experimental setup. 185
9.2.2 Face groove machining 185
9.2.3 Face morphology test 187
9.3 Experimental characteristics of gas face seals ..188
9.3.1 Seal opening characteristic 188
9.3.2 Hydrodynamic characteristics.. 190
Contents IX
9.3.3 Surface wear.. 192
References. 195
CHAPTER 10 Design of gas face seals 197
10.1 Force analysis of gas seals197
10.1.1 Opening force. 198
10.1.2 Closing force.. 198
10.1.3 O-ring friction force 199
10.2 Geometric parameters of gas face seals 199
10.2.1 Seal clearance. 199
10.2.2 Seal face width.. 199
10.2.3 Balance diameter.. 200
10.2.4 Seal face and shaft (shaft sleeve) clearance.. 200
10.3 Performance parameters of gas face seals201
10.3.1 Leakage rate 201
10.3.2 Gas film stiffness . 201
10.4 Materials of the seal couple .202
10.5 Dimension design of seal rings..202
10.5.1 Design of rotor dimension .. 202
10.5.2 Design of stator dimension . 203
10.5.3 Design of the face groove 204
10.6 Design of the secondary seal ..205
10.7 Process of seal design and illustration205
10.7.1 Process of seal design 205
10.7.2 Design conditions. 206
10.7.3 Design steps 206
References. 218
Index .219
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