书籍详情
物理学中的数学方法(英文版 Mathematics for Physicists)
作者:王怀玉 著
出版社:科学出版社
出版时间:2017-03-01
ISBN:9787030520791
定价:¥198.00
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内容简介
《物理学中的数学方法(英文版)》主要适用于物理、工程研究生,也适用于高年级学生和学生。《物理学中的数学方法(英文版)》包括以下几个领域的知识:Hilbert空间,微分函数的微分方程,狄拉克函数,数学物理中的格林函数,积分方程,数论在物理学中的应用,基础多维空间和非欧几里得空间中的方程。《物理学中的数学方法(英文版)》解释了这些概念,并详细推导了公式,包含大量的练习有益于读者。
作者简介
王怀玉 著
目录
Contents
Introduction
Preface
Chapter I Variational Method 1
1.1. Functional and Its Extremal Problems 1
1.1.1. The conception of functional 1
1.1.2. The extremes of functionals 3
1.2. The Variational of Functionals and the Simplest Euler Equation 7
1.2.1. The variational of functionals 7
1.2.2. The simplest Euler equation 12
1.3. The Cases of Multifunctions and Multivariates 16
1.3.1. Multifunctions 16
1.3.2. Multivariates 19
1.4. Functional Extremes under Certain Conditions 22
1.4.1. Isoperimetric problem 22
1.4.2. Geodesic problem 26
1.5. Natural Boundary Conditioiis 29
1.6. Variational Principle 33
1.6.1. Variational principle of classical mechanics 34
1.6.2. Variational principle of quantum mechanics 40
1.7. The Applications of the Variational Method in Physics 41
1.7.1. The applications in classical physics 44
1.7.2. The applications in quantum mechanics 48
Exercises 50
Chapter 2 Hilbert Space 55
2.1. Linear Space, Inner Product Space and Hilbert Space 55
2.1.1. Linear space 55
2.1.2. Inner product space 63
2.1.3. Hilbert space 71
2.2. Operators in Inner Product Spaces 74
2.2.1. Operators and adjoint operators 74
2.2.2. Selfadjoint operators 84
2.2.3. The alternative theorem for the solutions of linear algebraic equations 94
2.3. Complete Set of Orthonormal Functions 96
2.3.1. Three kinds of convergences 96
2.3.2. The completeness of a set of functions 98
2.3.3. Ndimensional space and Hilbert function space 101
2.3.4. Orthogonal polynomials 103
2.4. Polynomial Approximation 109
2.4.1. Weierstrass theorem 109
2.4.2. Polynomial approximation 112
Exercises 120
Chapter 3 Linear Ordinary Differential Equations of Second Order 127
3.1. General Theory 127
3.1.1. The existence and uniqueness of solutions 127
3.1.2. The struct.ure of solutions of homogeneous equations 130
3.1.3. The solutions of inhomogeneous equations 137
3.2. SturmLiouville Eigenvalue Problem 140
3.2.1. The form of SturmLiouville equations 140
3.2.2. The boundary conditions of SturmLiouville equations 142
3.2.3. SturmLiouville eigenvalue problem 144
3.3. The Polynomial Solutions of SturmLiouville Equations 151
3.3.1. Possible forms of kernel and weight functions 151
3.3.2. The expressions in series and in derivatives of the polynomials 158
3.3.3. Generating functions 165
3.3.4. The completeness theorem of orthogonal polynomials as SturmLiouville solutions 169
3.3.5. Applications in numerical integrations 171
3.4. Equations and Functions that Relate to the Polynomial Solutions 174
3.4.1. Laguerre functions 175
3.4.2. Legendre functions 179
3.4.3. Chebyshev functions 185
3.4.4. Hermite functions 190
3.5. Complex Analysis Theory of the Ordinary Differential Equations of Second Order 196
3.5.1. Solutions of homogeneous equations 196
3.5.2. Ordinary differential equations of second order 216
3.6. NonSelfAdjoint Ordinary Differential Equations of Second Order 224
3.6.1. Adjoint equations of ordinary differential equations 224
3.6.2. SturmLiouville operator 225
3.6.3. Complete set of nonselfadjoint ordinary differential equations of second order 229
3.7. The Conditions under Which Inhomogeneous Equations have Solutions 231
Exercises 236
Appendix 3A Generalization of SturmLiouville Theorem to Dirac Equation 244
Chapter 4 Bessel Functions 247
4.1. Bessel Equation 247
4.1.1. Bessel equat.ion and its solutioiis 247
4.1.2. Bessel functions of the first and second kinds 255
4.2. Fundamental Properties of Bessel Functions 258
4.2.1. Recurrence relations of Bessel functions 258
4.2.2. Asymptotic formulas of Bessel functions 261
4.2.3. Zeros of Bessel functions 262
4.2.4. Wronskian 264
4.3. Bessel Functions of Integer Orders 266
4.3.1. Parity and the values at certain points 266
4.3.2. Generating function of Bessel functions of integer orders 267
4.4. Bessel Functions of HalfInteger Orders 273
4.5. Bessel Functions of the Third Kind and Spherical Bessel Functions 275
4.5.1. Bessel functions of the third kind 275
4.5.2. Spherical Bessel functions 280
4.6. Modified Bessel Functions 288
4.6.1. Modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds 288
4.6.2. Modified Bessel functions of integer orders 293
4.7. Bessel Functions with Real Arguments 294
4.7.1. Eigenvalue problem of Bessel equation 294
4.7.2. Properties of eigenfunctions 297
4.7.3. Eigenvalue problem of spherical Bessel equation 301
Exercises 302
Chapter 5 The Dirac Delta Function 311
5.1. Definition and Properties of the Delta Function 311
5.1.1. Definition of the delta function 311
5.1.2. The delta function is a generalized function 312
5.1.3. The Fourier and Laplace transformations of the delta function 314
5.1.4. Derivative and integration of generalized functions 315
5.1.5. Complex argument
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