财政税收
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营改增后我国增值税税率简并与优化万莹 著“营改增”以来,为了确保营改增后相关行业的税负只减不增,我国对营改增试点行业量身定制了11%和6%两档低税率,从而使增值税由原两档税率变为四档税率。增多的税率档次扭曲了税款抵扣链条,导致“高征低扣”、“低征高扣”、税率混淆等现象,既违背了增值税的中性原则,又带来高额的纳税遵从和税收管理成本,具有鲜明的政策过渡特征。早在2013年党的十八届三中全会就明确提出:要“推进增值税改革,适当简化税率”。2017年7月1日起,我国将原13%税率下调至11%,增值税税率由四档简并为三档,由此拉开了税率简并的序幕。2018年、2019年《政府工作报告》明确表示,要研究增值税税率档次由三档并为两档。因此,逐步简并和优化增值税税率成为后营改增时代我国完善增值税立法的重点任务。本书基于我国税制完善和优化的内在要求和长期目标,在财政原则、公平原则和效率原则的框架下,从税负合理、收入公平、经济效率三个维度全方位构建增值税税率结构优化的理论体系,对我国增值税税率简并改革进行顶层设计和方案优选,有助于丰富我国增值税税制优化理论。特别是结合国际经验对增值税税率结构、税率模式、低税率、免税项目和小规模纳税人设置等基础理论问题的深入、系统研究,改善了以往相关研究比较零散、缺乏完整性等缺陷,丰富了增值税税率结构研究的理论框架和理论体系。同时,通过实证分析模型模拟代表性税率简并方案的税负效应、经济效应和收入分配效应,有助于全面认识增值税税率简并对财政收入、经济发展和社会公平可能产生的政策影响,更加慎重地选择税率简并方案,为建立科学、规范的增值税制度提供政策依据和决策参考。
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大国治理现代化的财政战略许正中 著本书是遵照2014年7月8日习近平主席会见世界银行行长金墉时提出的“创新方式,立足中国国情,抓住中国改革发展的重点和难点,扩大和深化合作”等有关指示,中央财政特设立“国际视域中大国治理现代化的财政战略主动研究”项目部分系列成果的集成。实现立足于十四五规划和国家发展战略,前瞻性地对国际国内环境变化带来的国家战略的再定位,在此基础上,以案例等形式对区域创新发展与政策进行探索,同时对产业创新与行业发展方略进行了再设计。当今世界,财政成为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础和重要支柱,本书中对财政税收政策和管理机制进行了探索。进而对国家治理及国家发展政策进行了阐述。最后,对国际经验进行了介绍和借鉴。本书的许多内容是作者向中央及有关部门提交的报告,直接影响国家政策和决策,多份报告得到党和国家领导人的批示,例如,唤醒沉睡资产、化解地方债务、防范化解重大风险成为了三大攻坚战的主要内容;许多案例在联合国有关会议上进行分享,许多政策建议在实践中得以应用。例如在安徽阜南进行的医疗体制改革与社会治理变革的探索经验,成为世界银行和中央党校省部班的社会治理的经典案例。
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业财融合规范蒋建华,戴雪艳在财务流、业务流、人才流汇聚成信息流和“大智移云”的背景下,财管的功能和地位发生了革命性的变革。本丛书在此背景之下,从全新的角度构建了业财融合知识和技术框架体系。包括:业财融合基础、业财融合架构、业财融合规范和业财融合案例共四本书。本丛书结合了当下财务管理共享财务中心的建设,全方位阐述了业财融合的特点、方法、内容框架、技术平台支撑、业务流程和规范。还选择了十家公司,作为业财融合的业财融合案例。本套教材拟申报江苏省重点教材。
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中国财政2020杨英明 著The year 2020 is the final year of the 13th Five-Year Plan. In the past five years,China's fiscal reform and development has gone through an extraordinary journey of hard efforts and scored new achievements,as evidenced by further strengthened financial capaaty,sustained intensity of fiscal expenditures,unprecedented tax and fee cut,steady rise of spending on areas related to people's wellbeing,effective fiscal support for major national strategies,continued deepening of the reform of fiscal and tax system,and greater role in global economic governance. In this process,finance authorities in China doubled efforts to unlock market vitality,improve fiscal macro-regulation,and strengthen cross-cyclical design and counter-cyclical adjustment of policies. In addition,they worked to refine the fiscal and tax policy system,adjust and optimize the expenditure mix,advance the fiscal and tax reform and fiscal management in a coordinated manner,and enhance fiscal governance effiaency On the international front,they also stepped up efforts in deepening international economic and financial exchanges and cooperation,to push for higher-standard opening up of China.In 2020,finance authorities in China coordinated their efforts in pandemic prevention and control with economic and social development,providing strong support for economic recovery and overall social stability. Taking pandemic prevention and control as the most important and urgent task,they put forward the two guarantees in no time to lend fuU support to the fight against COVID-19,and sought to mitigate the impact of the pandemicwith enhanced fiscal policy support and stronger policy interpretation and communication efforts. Moreover,they promptly introduced large-scale relief poliaes for struggling enterprises,and creatively set up the mechanism for directly allocating budgetary funds to prefecture and county-level governments,in order to stabilize and sustain economic recovery. They supported the fight of the three critical battles to successfully eradicate poverty as planned,notably improve the ecological and environmental quality,and effectively forestall and defuse potential risks,helping secure the last mile of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. They endeavored to support people's livelihood,with a focus on keeping enterprises afloat to retain employment,ensuring the three prioritiesat the grassroots level,steadily raising the protection of people's basic livelihood,and firmly safeguarding security in six key areas. They further worked to deepen the supply-side structural reforms,vigorously supported technological innovation,helped accelerate the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing sector,provided assistance for struggling micro and small-sized enterprises,strengthened food and energy security,and enhanced the innovation capacity and competitiveness ofthe real economy Efforts were also made to deepen reform and opening up,steadily advance the reform of fiscal and tax system,continue to deepen international economic and financial cooperation,further consolidate the foundation of fiscal management,transform the regulatory bureaus with tangible results,and steadily enhance the level of fiscal governance.The year 2021 is of speaal significance in the process of China's modernization drive,since it marks the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan and heralds a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects. In keeping with the general principles of seeking progress while maintaining stability,finance authorities in China will proceed from the new development stage,fully apply the new development philosophy,and seek to foster a new development paradigm. They will pursue high-quality development as the general aim,advance supply-side structural reform as the main task,and harness reform and innovation as the key source of momentum in their endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people's growing needs for a better life. They will apply systemic thinking,ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas,implement macro policies in a saence-based and targeted way,keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range,continue to expand domestic demand,strengthen science and technology to provide strategic support,and pursue higher-standard opening up. The proactive fiscal policies will improve its quality and efficacy,and be more sustainable.Overall planning of fiscal resources will be strengthened to maintain appropriate level of expenditures,further optimize the expenditure mix,and increase financial support for major national strategic tasks. Hard work,diligence and frugality will be emphasized to fully implement the requirements on belt-tightening for Party and government agenaes. The establishment of a modern fiscal and tax system will be accelerated to beef up budgetary constraints and performance management. Moreover,local government debt management will be strengthened to resolve risks arising from local government hidden debts,so as to ensure a good start of the 14th Five-Year Plan and to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China with outstanding achievements.China Finance 2020 brings together important fiscal and tax reform policies,events ofinternational economic and financial cooperation,macroeconomic data,local fiscal and tax reform practices,remarks and opinions of finance officials at various levels as well as Chinese scholars regarding fiscal and tax reform,etc.
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财政学案例库罗红云,王东《财政学案例库》是编者历经十年教学与研究的积累,围绕财政学基础理论和政策措施,搜集现实经济社会生活中财税案例资料,梳理、集结而成的一本教辅书籍。财政学专业的教学核心目标是培养学生的专业理解、分析、实施等综合能力,形成此书的初衷是促进学生 好地掌握财税相关知识。本书不仅可作为高等院校财政学、经济学、金融学、会计学等经济管理类专业学生学习《财政学》的教辅资料,而且能够为关注现实生活中财税问题的研究者提供丰富的案例资料。
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成渝地区双城经济圈背景下的城乡统筹融资机制研究张迎春,张志英本书结合统筹城乡实验区的实践,认为成渝地区双城经济圈背景下的新一轮城乡统筹发展是一个庞大的系统创新工程,涵盖了政治、经济、社会、文化、生态、科技和管理体制等各个方面,然而城乡新社区的建设,道路交通的修建,教育、公共服务等的提供,农业补贴以及农房拆迁等,无不需要庞大的资金支撑。大量的资金从哪里来?资金来源是主要以政府为主体的公共收入还是以市场为主体的投融资渠道?所筹措资金的使用效益如何?城乡统筹项目融资的风险怎样?从城乡统筹发展的提出及实践,至今已有十余年,在这些年创新的融资模式和方式中,是否有值得推广的?本书正是以城乡统筹试验区成渝地区双城经济圈建设为例,从城乡统筹融资环境、融资模式创新、融资风险和融资效益等方面,对上述问题展开研究。
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智能财税共享服务陈玲,宋俊骥智能财税是大智移云等现代技术在财税领域应用的产物。智能财税共享是指财税社会共享中心为代理记账公司、企业主体等提供的基础性财税共享服务;智能财税共享服务中心是指提供财税共享服务的业务单位,通过流程再造,建模的方式,把业、票、财、税融为一体,按照会计准则、税法要求,实现财税业务核算的智能化、标准化,提高了财税工作效率,节约了人力成本。本书基于企业财税职能转变与智能化数字经济时代对人才的紧迫需求,聚焦财税智能化、数字化、共享化,以岗位分工为基础、以技能训练为内容、以中联集团智能财税共享中心的业务处理平台及1+x智能财税职业技能等级证书考核平台为载体,依据 职业技术教育中心研究所公布的《智能财税职业技能等级标准》及1+X智能财税职业技能等级证书考核内容融合编写而成。本书突出职业技能,理实一体,每个项目都由理论和实训两部分组成,均以智能财税岗位群的实际工作业务为教学工作领域,依据职业技能标准将每个工作领域分为多个工作任务,每个工作任务都依托企业典型真实案例或仿真任务作为任务实施场景,并配备了课堂实训案例供学生进行技能操作实训,每个任务下还设置了“实施步骤”“任务评价”等栏目指导学生完成技能操作及测评。本书主要包括企业创办相关事项处理、商旅与费用报销、票据开具与整理、财务核算与制单、供应链管理与应用、涉税事项处理6大工作领域,18个工作任务。本书融入了课程思政元素,以期培养学生良好的职业道德和素养;配套开发了课程资源视频、教学课件、操作流程图、题库等相关数字化教学资源,学生可通过扫描书中二维码获取相关资源,进行学习讨论并观看线上平台实训。本书既可作为智能财税职业技能等级证书考试培训教材,也可作为高等院校大数据与会计、大数据与财务管理、大数据与审计、会计信息管理、财富管理、税务等专业学生的财税共享综合实训教材,还可以作为会计从业人员的学习用书。
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纳税实务习题与实训高素芬本配套教材以纳税工作流程和各种税的计算、核算与申报为主线,旨在通过模拟练习,使学生熟悉企业相关会计岗位的管理工作,进一步掌握各种税的计算方法、纳税申报表的编制方法和账务处理方法。本配套教材的基本结构与主教材的结构相同,共分八个项目,主要内容包括税收基础知识、增值税、消费税、关税、企业所得税、个人所得税、其他税、税收征管相关法规。每个项目的习题与实训主要由单项选择题、多项选择题、判断题、简答题、实务题和综合实训题等构成。
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业财融合概念结构王昊,王新秀在财务流、业务流、人才流汇聚成信息流和“大智移云”的背景下,财管的功能和地位发生了革命性的变革。本丛书在此背景之下,从全新的角度构建了业财融合知识和技术框架体系。包括:业财融合基础、业财融合架构、业财融合规范和业财融合案例共四本书。本丛书结合了当下财务管理共享财务中心的建设,全方位阐述了业财融合的特点、方法、内容框架、技术平台支撑、业务流程和规范。还选择了十家公司,作为业财融合的业财融合案例。本套教材拟申报江苏省重点教材。
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企业所得税政策解读与管理指南姚朝智 著新企业所得税法从 2008 年 1 月 1 日施行以来,国务院及财政部税务总局陆续出台了300多份配套文件,有力的保证了税法的顺利实施。但这些政策文件时间跨度长、前后衔接复杂,政策碎片化,税会差异大,这既增加了纳税人熟悉掌握政策的难度,也加大了税务机关管理服务的难度。 为将复杂的企业所得税业务化繁为简、准确把握企业所得税原理和立法精髓,将时间跨度长、数量众多的碎片化配套政策进行系统集成,将税法与财务会计制度进行精准衔接,编著者对近些年来从事企业所得税管理工作中积累的读书笔记和工作笔记进行了系统整理,集成为《企业所得税业务知识读本》,共分为企业所得税制度、企业所得税税基、企业跨境所得管理、征收管理、特殊事项管理等5篇共计23章95节31余万字。