口语机器翻译

　　口语翻译（Spoken Language Translation， SLT）是指让计算机实现从一种语言的语音到另一种语言的语音自动翻译的过程。其理想目标是，让计算机像人一样充当持不同语言的说话人之间的翻译角色。会议演讲、交谈（通过电话、网络或面对面）、广播等场景下的话语翻译都是口语翻译应用的重要领域。由于多数情况下说话人的话语都以口语风格为主，人们尤其希望翻译系统可以接受并实现任意口语化的、自由交谈式的对话语音直接翻译。本书全面、系统地介绍了SLT项目研究的主要成果，内容包括语言处理与语料收集、语言覆盖性、语音处理和系统评估等各个方面，其中语言处理部分是本书的主要内容。

暂缺《口语机器翻译》作者简介

导读
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1.1 What This Book Is About
1.1.1 Why Do Spoken Language Translation?
1.1.2 What Are the Basic Problems?
1.1.3 What Is It Realistic to Attempt Today?
1.1.4 What Have We Achieved?
1.2 Overall System Architecture
1.3 An Illustrative Example
1.4 In Defence of Hand-Coded Grammars
1.5 Hybrid Transfer
1.5.1 The Need for Grammatical Knowledge
1.5.2 The Need for Preferences
1.6 Speech Processing
1.7 Corpora
Part 1 Language Processing and Corpora
Translation Using the Core Language Engine
2.1 Introduction: Multi-Engine Translation
2.2 Word-to-Word Translation
2.3 Quasi Logical Form
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Structure of QLF
2.3.3 QLF as a Transfer Formalism: Examples
2.3.4 Head-Head Relations in QLF
2.4 Unification Grammar and QLFs
2.4.1 The CLE Unification Grammar Formalism
2.4.2 Unification Grammar Example: French Noun Phrases
2.4.3 Example 2a: Clauses in Swedish
2.4.4 Example 2b: Relative Clauses in Swedish
2.5 Orthographic Analysis and the Lexicon
2.6 Transfer Rules
2.6.1 Pre- and Posttransfer
2.7 The QLF-Based Processing Path
2.7.1 Linguistic Analysis
2.7.2 Transfer and Transfer Preferences
2.7.3 Generation
2.8 Summary
Grammar Specialisation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Explanation-Based Learning for Grammar
Specialisation
3.2.1 A Definition of Explanation-Based Learning
3.2.2 Explanation-Based Learning on Unification Grammars
3.2.3 Category Specialisation
3.2.4 Elaborate Cutting-Up Criteria
3.3 An LR Parsing Method for Specialised Grammars
3.3.1 Basic LR Parsing
3.3.2 Prefix Merging
3.3.3 Abstraction
3.4 Empirical Results
3.4.1 Experimental Setup
3.4.2 Discussion of Results
3.5 Conclusions
Choosing among Interpretations
4.1 Properties and Discriminants
4.2 Constituent Pruning
4.2.1 Discriminants for Pruning
4.2.2 Deciding Which Edges to Prune
4.2.3 Probability Estimates for Discriminants
4.2.4 Relation to Other Pruning Methods
4.3 Choosing among QLF Analyses
4.3.1 Analysis Choice: An Example
4.3.2 Further Advantages of a Discriminant Scheme .
4.3.3 Numerical Metrics
4.4 Choosing among Transferred QLFs
4.5 Choosing Paths in the Chart
The TreeBanker
5.1 Motivation
5.2 Representational Issues
5.3 Overview of the TreeBanker
5.4 The Supervised Training Process
5.4.1 Properties and Discriminants in Training
5.4.2 Additional Functionality
5.5 Training for Transfer Choice
5.6 Evaluation and Conclusions
Acquisition of Lexical Entries
6. 1 The Lexical Acquisition Tool, LexMake
6.2 Acquiring Word-to-Word Transfer Rules
6.3 Evaluation and Conclusions
Spelling and Morphology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Description Language
7.2.1 Morphophonology
7.2.2 Word Formation and Interfacing to Syntax
7.3 Compilation
7.3.1 Compiling Spelling Patterns
7.3.2 Representing Lexical Roots
7.3.3 Applying Obligatory Rules
7.3.4 Interword Rules
7.3.5 Timings
7.4 Some Examples
7.4.1 Multiple-Letter Spelling Changes
7.4.2 Using Features to Control Rule Application
7.4.3 Interword Spelling Changes
7.5 Debugging the Rules
……
Part 2 Linguistic Coverage
Part 3 Speech Processing