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敏捷软件开发：原则、模式与实践（英文注释版）
作者：Robert C.Martin
出版社：人民邮电出版社
出版时间：2007-11-01
ISBN：9787115164391
定价：¥69.00
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内容简介
本书中，享誉全球的软件开发专家和软件工程大师Robert C. Martin深入而生动地使用真实案例讲解了面向对象基本原则、重要的设计模式、UML和敏捷实践等程序员必备的知识。 本书于2003年荣获第13届Jolt大奖，是C++和Java程序员提高自身水平的绝佳教材，也适于用作高校计算机、软件工程专业相关课程的教材或参考书。
作者简介
Robert C.Martin（“Bob大叔”）世界级的软件开发大师，著名软件咨询公司Object Mento，公司的创始人和总裁。曾经担任C++Report杂志主编多年，也是设计模式和敏捷开发运动的主要倡导者之一。
目录
Section 1 Agile Development敏捷开发 1
Chaper1 Agile Practices敏捷实践 3
The Agile Alliance敏捷联盟 4
The Manifesto of the Agile Alliance敏捷联盟宣言 4
Principles敏捷原则 6
Conclusion结论 8
Bibliography参考文献 9
Chaper2 Overview of Extreme Programming极限编程概述 11
The Practices ofExtreme Programming极限编程的实践 11
Customer Team Member客户团队成员 11
User Stories用户故事 12
Short Cycles短交付周期 12
Acceptance Tests验收测试 13
Pair Programming结队编程 13
Test Driven Development测试驱动开发 14
Collective Ownership集体昕有权 14
Continuous Integration持续集成 14
Sustainable Pace可持续的开发速度 15
Open Workspace开放工作空间 15
The Planning Game计划游戏 15
Simple Design简单设计 15
Refactoring重构 16
Metaphor隐喻 16
Conclusion结论 17
Bibliography参考文献 17
Chapter3 Planning计划 19
Initial Exploration初始探索 20
Spiking,Splitting,and Velocity探究、分解和速度 20
Release Planning发布计划 20
Iteration Planning迭代计划 21
Task Planning任务计划 21
The Halfway Point迭代中点 22
Iterating迭代 22
Conclusion结论 22
Bibliography参考文献 22
Chapter4 Testing测试 23
Test Driven Development测试驱动开发 23
An Example of Test-First Design测试优先设计的例子 24
Test Isolation测试促进隔离 25
Serendipitous Decoupling意外获得的解耦合 26
Acceptance Tests验收测试 27
Example of Acceptance Testing验收测试示例 27
Serendipitous Architecture意外获得的架构 29
Conclusion 结论 29
Bibliography参考文献 29
Chapter5 Refactoring重构 31
Generating Primes：A Simple Example of Refactoring素数产生程序：一个简单的重构示例 32
The Final Reread最后审视 38
Conclusion结论42
Bibliography参考文献 42
Chapter6 A Programming Episode一次编程实践43
The Bowling Game保龄球比赛 44
Conclusion结论 82
Section 2 Agile Design敏捷设计 85
Symptoms of Poor Design糟糕设计的症状 85
Principles原则 86
Smells and Principles坏味与原则 86
Bibliography参考文献 86
Chapter 7 What Is Agile Design?什么是敏捷设计 87
What Goes Wrong with Software?软件哪里出问题了 87
Design Smells--The Odors of Rotting Software设计坏味--腐化软件的气味 88
What Stimulates the Software to Rot?软件为何腐化 89
Agile Teams Don’t Allow the Software to Rot敏捷团队不允许软件腐化 90
The“Copy”Program copy程序 90
Agi-l：Desig-n of the c。py Example copy~序的敏捷设计 93
How Did the Agile Developers Know what to Do?敏捷开发人员怎样做 94
Keeping the Design As Good As It Can Be尽量保持设计简洁 94
Conclusion结论 94
Bibliography参考文献 94
Chapter 8 SRP：The Single-Responsibility Principle SRP：单一职责原则 95
A CLASS SIIOUI HAVE 0NLY 0NE REASON TO CHANGE．
SRP：The Single-Responsibility Principle SRP：单一职责原则 95
What Is a Responsibility?定义职责 97
Separating Coupled Responsibilities分离耦合的职责 97
Persistence持久化 98
Conclusion结论 98
Bibliography参考文献 98
Chapter 9 OCP：The Open-Closed Principle OCP：开放一封闭原则 99
SOFTWARE ENTITIES(CLASSES,MODULES,FUNCTI0NS,ETC.) SHOULD BE OPEN
FOR EXTENSION,BUT CLOSED FOR MODIFICATI0N．
OCP：The Open-Closed Principle OCP：开放封闭原则 99
Description概述 100
Abstraction Is the Key抽象是关键 100
The Shape Application Shape应用程序 l0l
Violating the OCP 违反OCP 101
Conforming to the OCP遵守OCP 103
OK,I Lied好吧,我说谎了 104
Anticipation and“Natural-Structure预测与“贴切的”结构 105
Putting the“Hooks-In放置“吊钩” 1 05
Using Abstraction to Gain Explicit Closure使用抽象获得显式封闭 106
Using a“Data-Driven”Approach to Achieve Closure使用“数据驱动”获得封闭 107
Conclusion结论 l08
Bibliography参考文献 109
Chapter 10 LSP：The Liskov Substitution Principle LSP：Liskov替换原则 111
SUBTYPES MUST BE SUBSTTUTABLE FOR THEIR BASE TYPES．
LSP：The Liskov Substitution Principle LSP：Liskov替换原则 111
A Simple Example of a Violation of the LSP违反LSP的简单例子 112
Square and Rectangle,a More Subtle Violation正方形和矩形,一个更微妙的违反情形 113
The Real Problem真正的问题所在 l15
Validity Is Not Intrinsic有效性并非本质属性 l16
ISA Is about Behavior ISA重在行为 l16
Design by Contract按契约设计 l17
Specifying Contracts in Unit Tests在单元测试中指定契约 117
A Real Example一个实例 l17
Motivation动机 118
Problem问题 119
A Solution That Does Not Conform to the LSP不遵守LSP的解决方案 l20
An LSP-Compliant Solution遵守LSP的解决方案 l20
Factoring Instead of Deriving用提取公共部分的方法代替继承 12l
Heuristics and Conventions启发式规则号惯用法 124
Degenerate Functions in Derivatives派生类中的退化函数 124
Throwing Exceptions from Derivatives从派生类抛出异常 124
Conclusion结论 l25
Bibliography参考文献 125
Chapter11 DIP：The Dependency-Inversion Principle DIP：依赖倒置原则 127
A．HIGH-LEVEL MODULES SHOULD NOT DEPEND UPON LOW-LEVEL MODULES．
BOTH SHOULD DEPEND ON ABSTRACTIONS．
B．ABSTRACTIONS SHOULD NOTDEPEND ONDETAILS．DETAILS SHOULD
DEPEND ON ABSTRACTIONS．
DIP：The Dependency-Inversion Principle DIP：依赖倒置原则 127
Layering层次化 128
An Inversion of Ownership倒置的接口所有权 128
Depend on Abstractions依赖于抽象 129
A Simple Example简单的DIP示例 130
Finding the Underlying Abstraction找出潜在的抽象 131
The Furnace Example熔炉示例 132
Dynamic V．Static Polymorphism动态多态与静态多态 133
Conclusion结论 134
Bibliography参考文献 134
Chapter 12 ISP：The Interface-Segregation Principle ISP：接口隔离原则 135
Interface Pollution接口污染 135
Separate Clients Mean Separate Interfaces分离客户就是分离接口 137
The Backwards Force Applied by Clients Upon Interfaces客户对接口的反作用力 137
CLIENTS SHOULD NOT BE FORCED TO DEPEND ON METHODS THAT THEY DO NOT USE．
ISP：The Interface-Segregation Principle ISP：接口隔离原则 137
Class Interfaces v．0bject Interfaces类接口与对象接口 138
Separation through Delegation使用委托分离接口 138
Separation through Multiple Inheritance使用多重继承分离接口 139
The ATM User Interface Example ATM用户界面的例子 139
The Polyad v．the Monad多参数与单参数 144
Conclusion结论 145
Bibliography参考文献 145
Section 3 The Payroll Case Study薪酬系统案例研究 147
Rudimentaxy Specification of the Payroll System薪酬系统的初步规格说明 148
Exercise练习 148
Use Case 1：Add New Employee用例1：增加新雇员 148
Use Case 2：Deleting an Employee用例2：删除雇员 149
Use Case 3：Post a Time Card用例3：登记考勤卡 149
Use Case 4：Posting a Sales Receipt用例4：登记销售凭条 149
Use Case 5：Posting a Union Service Charge用例5：登记工会会费 150
Use Case 6：Changing Employee Details用例6：更改雇员明细 150
Use Case 7：Run the Payroll for Today用例7：运行系统,今天付酬 150
Chapter13 COMMAND and ACTIVE 0BJECT COMMAND模式与ACTIVE OBJECT模式 151
Simple Commands简单的Command 152
Transactions事务 153
Physical and Temporal Decoupling实体上解耦和时间上解耦 154
Temporal Decoupling时间上解耦 154
UNDO undo()方法 154
ACTIVE 0BJECT ACTIVE OBJECT模式 155
Conclusion结论 l59
Bibliography参考文献 159
Chapter14 TEMPLATE METHOD＆STRATEGY：Inheritance VS．Delegation
TEMPLATE METHOD模式~nSTRATEGY模式：继承和委托 161
TEMPLATE METHOD TEMPLATE METHOD模式 162
Pattern Abuse滥用模式 l64
Bubble Sort冒泡排序 l65
STRATEGY STRATEGY模式 168
Sorting Again再次排序 l70
Conclusion结论 l72
Bibliography参考文献 l72
Chaper15 FACADE and MEDIATOR FACADE模式和MEDlATOR模式 173
FACADE FACADE模式 173
MEDIATOR MEDIATOR模式 174
Conclusion结论 l76
Bibliography参考文献 l76
Chapter16 SINGLETON and MONOSTATE SINGLETON模式和MONOSTATE模式 177
SINGLETON sINGLEToN模式 178
Benefits of the SINGLETON SINGLETON模式的好处 179
Costs of the SINGLETON SINGLETON模式的代价 179
SINGLETON in Action运用SINGLETONN模式 179
MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式 180
Benefits of MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式的好处 l82
Costs of MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式的代价 l82
MONOSTATE in Action运用MONOSTATE模式 l82
Conclusion结论 187
Bibliography参考文献 l87
Chapter 17 NUI．I。0BJECT NULL OBJECT模式 189
Conclusion结论 l92
Bibliography参考文献 192
Chapter 18 The Payroll Case Study：Iteration One Begins 薪酬系统案例研究：第一次迭代开始 193
Introduction引言 193
Specification规格说明 193
Analysis bv Use Cases基于用例分析 194
Adding Employees增加新雇员 195
Deleting Employees删除雇员 196
Posting Time Cards登记考勤卡 196
Posting Sales Receipts登记销售凭条 197
Posting a Union Service Charge登记工会会费 197
Changing Employee Details更改雇员明细 198
Payday发薪日 199
Reflection：What Have We Learned?反思：我们学到了什么 20 1
Finding the Underlying Abstractions找出底层的抽象 201
The Schedule Abstraction时间表抽象 201
Payment Methods支付方式 202
Affiliations从属关系 202
Conclusion结论 203
Bibliography参考文献 203
Chapter 19 The Payroll Case Study：Implementation薪酬系统案例研究：实现 205
Adding Employees增加雇员 206
The Payroll Database薪酬系统数据库 207
Using TEMPLATE METHOD to Add Employees使用TEMPLATE MEn{OD模式增加雇员209
Deleting Employees删除雇员 212
Global Variables全局变量 213
Time Cards,Sales Receipts,and Service Charges考勤卡、销售凭条和会费 214
Changing Employees更改雇员属性 220
Changing Classification更改雇员类别 224
What Was I Smoking?一点意外 229
Paying Employees支付雇员薪水 233
Do We Want Developers Making Business Decisions?我们希望开发员做业务决策吗235
Paying S alaried Employees支付领月薪的雇员薪水 235
Paying Hourly Employees支付钟点工薪水 237
Pay Periods：A Design Problem支付期限：设计问题 241
Main Program主程序 248
The Database数据库 248
Summary of Payroll Design薪酬系统案例设计总结 249
History历史 249
Resources资源 250
Bibliography参考文献 250
Section 4 Packaging the Payroll System打包薪酬系统 251
Chapter 20 Principles of Package Design包设计原则 253
Designing with Packages?使用包进行设计 253
Granularity：The Principles of Package Cohesion包的内聚性原则：粒度 254
The Reuse-Release Equivalence Principle(REP)重用发布等价原则 254
THE GRANULE OF REUSE IS THE GRANULE OF RELEASE．
The Common-Reuse Principle(CRP)共同重用原则 255
THE CLASSES IN A PACKAGE ARE REUSED TOGETHER．IF YOU REUSEONE OF THE
CLASSES IN A PACKAGE,YOU REUSETHEMKEL．
The Common-Closure Principle(CCP)共同封闭原则 256
THE CLASSES IN A PACKAGE SHOULD BE CLOSED TOGETHER AGAINST THE SAME KINDS 0F CHANGES．A CHANGE THAT AFFECTS A PACKAGE AFFECTS ALL THE CLASSES IN THAT PACKAGE AND NO OTHER PACKAGES．
Summary of Package Cohesion包内聚性总结 256
Stability：The Principles 0f Package Coupling包的耦合性原则：稳定性 256
The Acyclic-Dependencies Principle(ADP)无环依赖原则 256
ALLOW NO CYCLES IN THE PACKAGE DEPENDENCY GRAPH．
The Weekly Build每周构建 257
Eliminating Dependency Cycles消除依赖环 257
The Effect of a Cycle in the Package Dependency Graph 258
环在包依赖关系图中造成的影响
Breaking the Cycle解除依赖环 259
The“Jitters”颠簸 259
Top-Down Design 自顶向下设计 260
The Stable-Dependencies Principle(SDP)稳定依赖原则(SDP) 261
DEPEND IN TIlE DIRECTION OF STABILITK
Stability稳定性 26 1
Stability Metrics稳定性度量 262
Not All Packages Should Be Stable并非所有包都应该是稳定的 263
Where Do We Put the High-level Design?高层设计的位置 264
The Stable-Abstractions Pri nciplc(SAP)稳定抽象原则(SAP) 264
A PACKAGE SHLOUD BE AS ABSTRACT As IT IS STABLE．
Measuring Abstraction抽象性度量 265
The Main Sequence主序列 265
Distance from the Main Sequence到主序列的距离 266
Conclusion结论 268
Chapter 21 FACTORY FACTORY模式 269
A Dependency Cycle依赖环 27 l
Substitutable Factories可替换的工厂 272
Using Factories for Test Fixtures对测试支架使用工厂 273
How Important Is It to Use Factories?工厂的重要性 274
Conclusion结论 274
Bibliography参考文献 274
Chapter 22 The Payroll Case Study(Part 2)薪酬系统案例研究：第2部分 275
Package Structure and Notation包结构与图示 276
Applying the Common Closure Principle rCCPl应用CCP 277
Applying the Reuse Release Equivalency Principle(REP)应用REP 278
Coupling and Encapsulation耦合和封装 279
Metrics度量 279
Applying the Metrics to the Payroll Application度量薪酬应用程序 282
Object Factories对象工厂 285
The Object Factory for Transactionlmplementation
Transactionlmplementation的对象工厂 286
Initializing the Factories初始化工厂 286
Rethinking the Cohesion Boundaries重新思考内聚的边界 287
The Final Package Structure最终的包结构 287
Conclusion结论 290
Bibliography参考文献 290
Section 5 The Weather Station Case Study气象站案例研究 291
Chapter23 COMPOSITE COMPOSITE模式 293
Example：Composite Commands示例：组合命令 294
Multiplicity or Not Multiplicity多重性还是非多重性 295
Chapter 24 OBSERVERIBacking into a Pattern OBSERVER--演化出模式 297
The Digital Clock数字时钟 297
Conclusion结论 314
The Use ofDiagrams in this Chapter本章中图的使用 314
Thc OBSERVER Pattern OBSERVER模式 3l5
How OBSERVER Manages the Principles ot’OOD OBSERVER中应用的OOD原则 316
Bibliography参考文献 316
Chapter25 ABSTRACT SERVER,ADAPTER,and BRIDGE 317
ABSTRACT SERVER模式、ADAPTER模式和BRIDGE模式 317
ABSTRACT SERVER ABSTRACT SERVER模式 318
Who Owns the Interface?谁拥有接口 318
Adapter ADAPTER模式 319
The class Form of ADAPTEP,类形式的ADAPTER模式 319
The Modem Problem,ADAPTERS and LSP调制解调器问题、适配器以及LSP 320
BRIDGE BRIDGE模式 322
Conclusion结论 324
Bibliography参考文献 325
Chapter26 PROXY and STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN：Managing Third Party APIs
PROXY模式和GATEWAY模式：管理第三方APl 327
PROXY PROXY模式 327
ProxifVing the Shopping Cart为购物车创建代理 332
Summary ot’PROXY PROXY小结 344
Dealing with Databases．Middleware,and Other Third Party Interfaces使用数据库、中间件以及其他第三方接口 345
STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN模式 347
Example of STAIP,WAY TO HEAVEN STAIRWAYTO HEAVEN示例 348
Other Patterns That Can Be Used with Databases可用于数据库的其他模式 353
Conclusion结论 354
Bibliography参考文献 354
Chapter 27 Case Study：Weather Station案例研究：气象站软件 355
The Cloud Company Cloud公司 355
The WMS-LC Soflware WMS-LC软件 356
Language Selection语言选择 357
Nimbus-LC Software Design Nimbus-LC软件设计 357
24一Hour History and Persistence 24小时历史及持久化 368
Implementing the HiLo Algorithms实现HiLo算法 371
Conclusion结论 379
Bibliography参考文献 379
Nimbus-LC Requirements Overview Nimbus-LC需求概述 379
Usage Requirements使用需求 379
24一Hour History 24小时历史 379
User Setup用户设置 379
Administrative Requirements管理需求 380
Nimbus-LC Use Cases Nimbus-LC用例 380
Actors参与者 380
UseCases用例 380
Measurement History测量历史 380
Setup设置 381
Administration管理 381
Nimbus-LC Release Plan Nimbus-LC发布计划 3 8 1
Introduction小引 3 8 1
Release I 381
Risks风险 382
Deliverable(s)交付物 382
Release II 382
Use Cases Implemented实现的用例 382
Risks风险 383
Deliverable(s)交付物 383
Rclease III 383
Use Cases Implemented实现的用例 383
Risks风险 383
Deliverable(s)交付物 383
Section 6 The ETS Case Study ETS案例研究 385
Chapter 28 VISITOR VISITOR模式 387
The VISITOR Family of Design Patterns VISITOR系列设计模式 388
VISITOR VISITOR模式 388
VISITOR is Like a Matrix VISITOR就像一个矩阵 391
ACYCLIC VISITOR ACYCLICVISITOR模式 391
ACYCLIC VISITOR ls Like a Sparse Matrix ACYCLIC VISITOR就像一个稀疏矩阵 396
Using VISITOR in Report Generators在报表生成器中使用ⅥsIToR模式 396
Other Uses of VISITOR VISITOR的其他用途402
DECORATOR DEcoRAToR模式 403
Multiple Decorators多个装饰器406
EXTENSION OB IECT EXTENSION OBJECT模式408
Conclusion结论 418
Reminder提醒418
Bibliography参考文献 4l8
Chapter29 STATE STATE模式 419
Overview of Finite State Automata FSM概述 419
Implementation Techniques 实现技术 421
Nested Switch／Case Statement嵌套switch／case语句 421
Interpreting Transition Tables 解释迁移表 424
The STATE Pattern STATE模式426
SMC T11c State-Machine Compiler状态机编译器429
Where Should State Machines be Used?状态机的应用场合 432
High-Level Application Policies for GUIs GUI高层应用策略 432
GUI Interaction Controllers GUI交互控制器 433
Distributed Processing分布式处理 433
Conclusion结论 434
Listings代码清单 434
Turnstile．Java Using Table Interpretation使用表解释 434
Turnstile．Java Generated by SMC．and Other Support Files
SMC生成的Turnstile．Java以及其他支持文件 437
Bibliography参考文献 441
Chapter 30 The ETS Framework ETS框架 443
Introduction简介 443
Project Overview项目概述 443
Early History 1993-1994早期历史 445
Framework?框架? 445
Framework!框架1 446
The 1994 Team 1994年的团队 446
The Deadline最后期限 446
The Strategy策略 446
Results结果 447
Framework Design框架设计 448
The Common Requirements of the Scoring Applications评分程序的主要需求 448
The Design of the Scoring Framework评分框架的设计 450
A Case for TEMPLATE METHOD应用TEMPLATE METHOD 453
Write a Loop Once一次只写一个循环 454
The Common Requirements of the Delivery Applications考试程序的主要需求 456
The Design of the Delivery Framework考试框架的设计 457
The Taskmaster Architecture任务控制架构 462
Conclusion结论 465
Bibliography参考文献 466
AppendixA UML Notation I：The CGI Example UML图示之一：CGI示例 467
Course Enrollment System：Problem Description课程注册系统：问题描述 468
Actors参与者 469
UseCases用例 469
The Domain Model领域模型 472
The Architecture架构 476
Abstract Classes and Interfaces in Sequence Diagrams序列图中的抽象类和接口 485
Summary总结 486
Bibliography参考文献 487
Appendix B UML Notation II：The STATMUX UML图示之二：STATMUX 489
The Statistical Multiplexor Definition统计多路复用器的定义 489
The Software Environment软件环境 490
The Real-time Constraints实时限制 490
The Input Interrupt Service Routine输入中断服务例程 491
The Output Service Interrupt Routine输出服务中断的例程 495
The Communications Protocol通信协议 496
Conclusion结论 506
Bibliography参考文献 506
Appendix C A Satire of Two Companies双公司记 507
RufuS,Inc．
Project Kickoff 507
Rupert Industries
Project：~Alpha~ 507
AppendixD The Source Code Is the Design源代码就是设计 517
What Is Software Design? 什么是软件 517
Afterword 跋 523
Index 525
Chaper1 Agile Practices敏捷实践 3
The Agile Alliance敏捷联盟 4
The Manifesto of the Agile Alliance敏捷联盟宣言 4
Principles敏捷原则 6
Conclusion结论 8
Bibliography参考文献 9
Chaper2 Overview of Extreme Programming极限编程概述 11
The Practices ofExtreme Programming极限编程的实践 11
Customer Team Member客户团队成员 11
User Stories用户故事 12
Short Cycles短交付周期 12
Acceptance Tests验收测试 13
Pair Programming结队编程 13
Test Driven Development测试驱动开发 14
Collective Ownership集体昕有权 14
Continuous Integration持续集成 14
Sustainable Pace可持续的开发速度 15
Open Workspace开放工作空间 15
The Planning Game计划游戏 15
Simple Design简单设计 15
Refactoring重构 16
Metaphor隐喻 16
Conclusion结论 17
Bibliography参考文献 17
Chapter3 Planning计划 19
Initial Exploration初始探索 20
Spiking,Splitting,and Velocity探究、分解和速度 20
Release Planning发布计划 20
Iteration Planning迭代计划 21
Task Planning任务计划 21
The Halfway Point迭代中点 22
Iterating迭代 22
Conclusion结论 22
Bibliography参考文献 22
Chapter4 Testing测试 23
Test Driven Development测试驱动开发 23
An Example of Test-First Design测试优先设计的例子 24
Test Isolation测试促进隔离 25
Serendipitous Decoupling意外获得的解耦合 26
Acceptance Tests验收测试 27
Example of Acceptance Testing验收测试示例 27
Serendipitous Architecture意外获得的架构 29
Conclusion 结论 29
Bibliography参考文献 29
Chapter5 Refactoring重构 31
Generating Primes：A Simple Example of Refactoring素数产生程序：一个简单的重构示例 32
The Final Reread最后审视 38
Conclusion结论42
Bibliography参考文献 42
Chapter6 A Programming Episode一次编程实践43
The Bowling Game保龄球比赛 44
Conclusion结论 82
Section 2 Agile Design敏捷设计 85
Symptoms of Poor Design糟糕设计的症状 85
Principles原则 86
Smells and Principles坏味与原则 86
Bibliography参考文献 86
Chapter 7 What Is Agile Design?什么是敏捷设计 87
What Goes Wrong with Software?软件哪里出问题了 87
Design Smells--The Odors of Rotting Software设计坏味--腐化软件的气味 88
What Stimulates the Software to Rot?软件为何腐化 89
Agile Teams Don’t Allow the Software to Rot敏捷团队不允许软件腐化 90
The“Copy”Program copy程序 90
Agi-l：Desig-n of the c。py Example copy~序的敏捷设计 93
How Did the Agile Developers Know what to Do?敏捷开发人员怎样做 94
Keeping the Design As Good As It Can Be尽量保持设计简洁 94
Conclusion结论 94
Bibliography参考文献 94
Chapter 8 SRP：The Single-Responsibility Principle SRP：单一职责原则 95
A CLASS SIIOUI HAVE 0NLY 0NE REASON TO CHANGE．
SRP：The Single-Responsibility Principle SRP：单一职责原则 95
What Is a Responsibility?定义职责 97
Separating Coupled Responsibilities分离耦合的职责 97
Persistence持久化 98
Conclusion结论 98
Bibliography参考文献 98
Chapter 9 OCP：The Open-Closed Principle OCP：开放一封闭原则 99
SOFTWARE ENTITIES(CLASSES,MODULES,FUNCTI0NS,ETC.) SHOULD BE OPEN
FOR EXTENSION,BUT CLOSED FOR MODIFICATI0N．
OCP：The Open-Closed Principle OCP：开放封闭原则 99
Description概述 100
Abstraction Is the Key抽象是关键 100
The Shape Application Shape应用程序 l0l
Violating the OCP 违反OCP 101
Conforming to the OCP遵守OCP 103
OK,I Lied好吧,我说谎了 104
Anticipation and“Natural-Structure预测与“贴切的”结构 105
Putting the“Hooks-In放置“吊钩” 1 05
Using Abstraction to Gain Explicit Closure使用抽象获得显式封闭 106
Using a“Data-Driven”Approach to Achieve Closure使用“数据驱动”获得封闭 107
Conclusion结论 l08
Bibliography参考文献 109
Chapter 10 LSP：The Liskov Substitution Principle LSP：Liskov替换原则 111
SUBTYPES MUST BE SUBSTTUTABLE FOR THEIR BASE TYPES．
LSP：The Liskov Substitution Principle LSP：Liskov替换原则 111
A Simple Example of a Violation of the LSP违反LSP的简单例子 112
Square and Rectangle,a More Subtle Violation正方形和矩形,一个更微妙的违反情形 113
The Real Problem真正的问题所在 l15
Validity Is Not Intrinsic有效性并非本质属性 l16
ISA Is about Behavior ISA重在行为 l16
Design by Contract按契约设计 l17
Specifying Contracts in Unit Tests在单元测试中指定契约 117
A Real Example一个实例 l17
Motivation动机 118
Problem问题 119
A Solution That Does Not Conform to the LSP不遵守LSP的解决方案 l20
An LSP-Compliant Solution遵守LSP的解决方案 l20
Factoring Instead of Deriving用提取公共部分的方法代替继承 12l
Heuristics and Conventions启发式规则号惯用法 124
Degenerate Functions in Derivatives派生类中的退化函数 124
Throwing Exceptions from Derivatives从派生类抛出异常 124
Conclusion结论 l25
Bibliography参考文献 125
Chapter11 DIP：The Dependency-Inversion Principle DIP：依赖倒置原则 127
A．HIGH-LEVEL MODULES SHOULD NOT DEPEND UPON LOW-LEVEL MODULES．
BOTH SHOULD DEPEND ON ABSTRACTIONS．
B．ABSTRACTIONS SHOULD NOTDEPEND ONDETAILS．DETAILS SHOULD
DEPEND ON ABSTRACTIONS．
DIP：The Dependency-Inversion Principle DIP：依赖倒置原则 127
Layering层次化 128
An Inversion of Ownership倒置的接口所有权 128
Depend on Abstractions依赖于抽象 129
A Simple Example简单的DIP示例 130
Finding the Underlying Abstraction找出潜在的抽象 131
The Furnace Example熔炉示例 132
Dynamic V．Static Polymorphism动态多态与静态多态 133
Conclusion结论 134
Bibliography参考文献 134
Chapter 12 ISP：The Interface-Segregation Principle ISP：接口隔离原则 135
Interface Pollution接口污染 135
Separate Clients Mean Separate Interfaces分离客户就是分离接口 137
The Backwards Force Applied by Clients Upon Interfaces客户对接口的反作用力 137
CLIENTS SHOULD NOT BE FORCED TO DEPEND ON METHODS THAT THEY DO NOT USE．
ISP：The Interface-Segregation Principle ISP：接口隔离原则 137
Class Interfaces v．0bject Interfaces类接口与对象接口 138
Separation through Delegation使用委托分离接口 138
Separation through Multiple Inheritance使用多重继承分离接口 139
The ATM User Interface Example ATM用户界面的例子 139
The Polyad v．the Monad多参数与单参数 144
Conclusion结论 145
Bibliography参考文献 145
Section 3 The Payroll Case Study薪酬系统案例研究 147
Rudimentaxy Specification of the Payroll System薪酬系统的初步规格说明 148
Exercise练习 148
Use Case 1：Add New Employee用例1：增加新雇员 148
Use Case 2：Deleting an Employee用例2：删除雇员 149
Use Case 3：Post a Time Card用例3：登记考勤卡 149
Use Case 4：Posting a Sales Receipt用例4：登记销售凭条 149
Use Case 5：Posting a Union Service Charge用例5：登记工会会费 150
Use Case 6：Changing Employee Details用例6：更改雇员明细 150
Use Case 7：Run the Payroll for Today用例7：运行系统,今天付酬 150
Chapter13 COMMAND and ACTIVE 0BJECT COMMAND模式与ACTIVE OBJECT模式 151
Simple Commands简单的Command 152
Transactions事务 153
Physical and Temporal Decoupling实体上解耦和时间上解耦 154
Temporal Decoupling时间上解耦 154
UNDO undo()方法 154
ACTIVE 0BJECT ACTIVE OBJECT模式 155
Conclusion结论 l59
Bibliography参考文献 159
Chapter14 TEMPLATE METHOD＆STRATEGY：Inheritance VS．Delegation
TEMPLATE METHOD模式~nSTRATEGY模式：继承和委托 161
TEMPLATE METHOD TEMPLATE METHOD模式 162
Pattern Abuse滥用模式 l64
Bubble Sort冒泡排序 l65
STRATEGY STRATEGY模式 168
Sorting Again再次排序 l70
Conclusion结论 l72
Bibliography参考文献 l72
Chaper15 FACADE and MEDIATOR FACADE模式和MEDlATOR模式 173
FACADE FACADE模式 173
MEDIATOR MEDIATOR模式 174
Conclusion结论 l76
Bibliography参考文献 l76
Chapter16 SINGLETON and MONOSTATE SINGLETON模式和MONOSTATE模式 177
SINGLETON sINGLEToN模式 178
Benefits of the SINGLETON SINGLETON模式的好处 179
Costs of the SINGLETON SINGLETON模式的代价 179
SINGLETON in Action运用SINGLETONN模式 179
MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式 180
Benefits of MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式的好处 l82
Costs of MONOSTATE MONOSTATE模式的代价 l82
MONOSTATE in Action运用MONOSTATE模式 l82
Conclusion结论 187
Bibliography参考文献 l87
Chapter 17 NUI．I。0BJECT NULL OBJECT模式 189
Conclusion结论 l92
Bibliography参考文献 192
Chapter 18 The Payroll Case Study：Iteration One Begins 薪酬系统案例研究：第一次迭代开始 193
Introduction引言 193
Specification规格说明 193
Analysis bv Use Cases基于用例分析 194
Adding Employees增加新雇员 195
Deleting Employees删除雇员 196
Posting Time Cards登记考勤卡 196
Posting Sales Receipts登记销售凭条 197
Posting a Union Service Charge登记工会会费 197
Changing Employee Details更改雇员明细 198
Payday发薪日 199
Reflection：What Have We Learned?反思：我们学到了什么 20 1
Finding the Underlying Abstractions找出底层的抽象 201
The Schedule Abstraction时间表抽象 201
Payment Methods支付方式 202
Affiliations从属关系 202
Conclusion结论 203
Bibliography参考文献 203
Chapter 19 The Payroll Case Study：Implementation薪酬系统案例研究：实现 205
Adding Employees增加雇员 206
The Payroll Database薪酬系统数据库 207
Using TEMPLATE METHOD to Add Employees使用TEMPLATE MEn{OD模式增加雇员209
Deleting Employees删除雇员 212
Global Variables全局变量 213
Time Cards,Sales Receipts,and Service Charges考勤卡、销售凭条和会费 214
Changing Employees更改雇员属性 220
Changing Classification更改雇员类别 224
What Was I Smoking?一点意外 229
Paying Employees支付雇员薪水 233
Do We Want Developers Making Business Decisions?我们希望开发员做业务决策吗235
Paying S alaried Employees支付领月薪的雇员薪水 235
Paying Hourly Employees支付钟点工薪水 237
Pay Periods：A Design Problem支付期限：设计问题 241
Main Program主程序 248
The Database数据库 248
Summary of Payroll Design薪酬系统案例设计总结 249
History历史 249
Resources资源 250
Bibliography参考文献 250
Section 4 Packaging the Payroll System打包薪酬系统 251
Chapter 20 Principles of Package Design包设计原则 253
Designing with Packages?使用包进行设计 253
Granularity：The Principles of Package Cohesion包的内聚性原则：粒度 254
The Reuse-Release Equivalence Principle(REP)重用发布等价原则 254
THE GRANULE OF REUSE IS THE GRANULE OF RELEASE．
The Common-Reuse Principle(CRP)共同重用原则 255
THE CLASSES IN A PACKAGE ARE REUSED TOGETHER．IF YOU REUSEONE OF THE
CLASSES IN A PACKAGE,YOU REUSETHEMKEL．
The Common-Closure Principle(CCP)共同封闭原则 256
THE CLASSES IN A PACKAGE SHOULD BE CLOSED TOGETHER AGAINST THE SAME KINDS 0F CHANGES．A CHANGE THAT AFFECTS A PACKAGE AFFECTS ALL THE CLASSES IN THAT PACKAGE AND NO OTHER PACKAGES．
Summary of Package Cohesion包内聚性总结 256
Stability：The Principles 0f Package Coupling包的耦合性原则：稳定性 256
The Acyclic-Dependencies Principle(ADP)无环依赖原则 256
ALLOW NO CYCLES IN THE PACKAGE DEPENDENCY GRAPH．
The Weekly Build每周构建 257
Eliminating Dependency Cycles消除依赖环 257
The Effect of a Cycle in the Package Dependency Graph 258
环在包依赖关系图中造成的影响
Breaking the Cycle解除依赖环 259
The“Jitters”颠簸 259
Top-Down Design 自顶向下设计 260
The Stable-Dependencies Principle(SDP)稳定依赖原则(SDP) 261
DEPEND IN TIlE DIRECTION OF STABILITK
Stability稳定性 26 1
Stability Metrics稳定性度量 262
Not All Packages Should Be Stable并非所有包都应该是稳定的 263
Where Do We Put the High-level Design?高层设计的位置 264
The Stable-Abstractions Pri nciplc(SAP)稳定抽象原则(SAP) 264
A PACKAGE SHLOUD BE AS ABSTRACT As IT IS STABLE．
Measuring Abstraction抽象性度量 265
The Main Sequence主序列 265
Distance from the Main Sequence到主序列的距离 266
Conclusion结论 268
Chapter 21 FACTORY FACTORY模式 269
A Dependency Cycle依赖环 27 l
Substitutable Factories可替换的工厂 272
Using Factories for Test Fixtures对测试支架使用工厂 273
How Important Is It to Use Factories?工厂的重要性 274
Conclusion结论 274
Bibliography参考文献 274
Chapter 22 The Payroll Case Study(Part 2)薪酬系统案例研究：第2部分 275
Package Structure and Notation包结构与图示 276
Applying the Common Closure Principle rCCPl应用CCP 277
Applying the Reuse Release Equivalency Principle(REP)应用REP 278
Coupling and Encapsulation耦合和封装 279
Metrics度量 279
Applying the Metrics to the Payroll Application度量薪酬应用程序 282
Object Factories对象工厂 285
The Object Factory for Transactionlmplementation
Transactionlmplementation的对象工厂 286
Initializing the Factories初始化工厂 286
Rethinking the Cohesion Boundaries重新思考内聚的边界 287
The Final Package Structure最终的包结构 287
Conclusion结论 290
Bibliography参考文献 290
Section 5 The Weather Station Case Study气象站案例研究 291
Chapter23 COMPOSITE COMPOSITE模式 293
Example：Composite Commands示例：组合命令 294
Multiplicity or Not Multiplicity多重性还是非多重性 295
Chapter 24 OBSERVERIBacking into a Pattern OBSERVER--演化出模式 297
The Digital Clock数字时钟 297
Conclusion结论 314
The Use ofDiagrams in this Chapter本章中图的使用 314
Thc OBSERVER Pattern OBSERVER模式 3l5
How OBSERVER Manages the Principles ot’OOD OBSERVER中应用的OOD原则 316
Bibliography参考文献 316
Chapter25 ABSTRACT SERVER,ADAPTER,and BRIDGE 317
ABSTRACT SERVER模式、ADAPTER模式和BRIDGE模式 317
ABSTRACT SERVER ABSTRACT SERVER模式 318
Who Owns the Interface?谁拥有接口 318
Adapter ADAPTER模式 319
The class Form of ADAPTEP,类形式的ADAPTER模式 319
The Modem Problem,ADAPTERS and LSP调制解调器问题、适配器以及LSP 320
BRIDGE BRIDGE模式 322
Conclusion结论 324
Bibliography参考文献 325
Chapter26 PROXY and STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN：Managing Third Party APIs
PROXY模式和GATEWAY模式：管理第三方APl 327
PROXY PROXY模式 327
ProxifVing the Shopping Cart为购物车创建代理 332
Summary ot’PROXY PROXY小结 344
Dealing with Databases．Middleware,and Other Third Party Interfaces使用数据库、中间件以及其他第三方接口 345
STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN模式 347
Example of STAIP,WAY TO HEAVEN STAIRWAYTO HEAVEN示例 348
Other Patterns That Can Be Used with Databases可用于数据库的其他模式 353
Conclusion结论 354
Bibliography参考文献 354
Chapter 27 Case Study：Weather Station案例研究：气象站软件 355
The Cloud Company Cloud公司 355
The WMS-LC Soflware WMS-LC软件 356
Language Selection语言选择 357
Nimbus-LC Software Design Nimbus-LC软件设计 357
24一Hour History and Persistence 24小时历史及持久化 368
Implementing the HiLo Algorithms实现HiLo算法 371
Conclusion结论 379
Bibliography参考文献 379
Nimbus-LC Requirements Overview Nimbus-LC需求概述 379
Usage Requirements使用需求 379
24一Hour History 24小时历史 379
User Setup用户设置 379
Administrative Requirements管理需求 380
Nimbus-LC Use Cases Nimbus-LC用例 380
Actors参与者 380
UseCases用例 380
Measurement History测量历史 380
Setup设置 381
Administration管理 381
Nimbus-LC Release Plan Nimbus-LC发布计划 3 8 1
Introduction小引 3 8 1
Release I 381
Risks风险 382
Deliverable(s)交付物 382
Release II 382
Use Cases Implemented实现的用例 382
Risks风险 383
Deliverable(s)交付物 383
Rclease III 383
Use Cases Implemented实现的用例 383
Risks风险 383
Deliverable(s)交付物 383
Section 6 The ETS Case Study ETS案例研究 385
Chapter 28 VISITOR VISITOR模式 387
The VISITOR Family of Design Patterns VISITOR系列设计模式 388
VISITOR VISITOR模式 388
VISITOR is Like a Matrix VISITOR就像一个矩阵 391
ACYCLIC VISITOR ACYCLICVISITOR模式 391
ACYCLIC VISITOR ls Like a Sparse Matrix ACYCLIC VISITOR就像一个稀疏矩阵 396
Using VISITOR in Report Generators在报表生成器中使用ⅥsIToR模式 396
Other Uses of VISITOR VISITOR的其他用途402
DECORATOR DEcoRAToR模式 403
Multiple Decorators多个装饰器406
EXTENSION OB IECT EXTENSION OBJECT模式408
Conclusion结论 418
Reminder提醒418
Bibliography参考文献 4l8
Chapter29 STATE STATE模式 419
Overview of Finite State Automata FSM概述 419
Implementation Techniques 实现技术 421
Nested Switch／Case Statement嵌套switch／case语句 421
Interpreting Transition Tables 解释迁移表 424
The STATE Pattern STATE模式426
SMC T11c State-Machine Compiler状态机编译器429
Where Should State Machines be Used?状态机的应用场合 432
High-Level Application Policies for GUIs GUI高层应用策略 432
GUI Interaction Controllers GUI交互控制器 433
Distributed Processing分布式处理 433
Conclusion结论 434
Listings代码清单 434
Turnstile．Java Using Table Interpretation使用表解释 434
Turnstile．Java Generated by SMC．and Other Support Files
SMC生成的Turnstile．Java以及其他支持文件 437
Bibliography参考文献 441
Chapter 30 The ETS Framework ETS框架 443
Introduction简介 443
Project Overview项目概述 443
Early History 1993-1994早期历史 445
Framework?框架? 445
Framework!框架1 446
The 1994 Team 1994年的团队 446
The Deadline最后期限 446
The Strategy策略 446
Results结果 447
Framework Design框架设计 448
The Common Requirements of the Scoring Applications评分程序的主要需求 448
The Design of the Scoring Framework评分框架的设计 450
A Case for TEMPLATE METHOD应用TEMPLATE METHOD 453
Write a Loop Once一次只写一个循环 454
The Common Requirements of the Delivery Applications考试程序的主要需求 456
The Design of the Delivery Framework考试框架的设计 457
The Taskmaster Architecture任务控制架构 462
Conclusion结论 465
Bibliography参考文献 466
AppendixA UML Notation I：The CGI Example UML图示之一：CGI示例 467
Course Enrollment System：Problem Description课程注册系统：问题描述 468
Actors参与者 469
UseCases用例 469
The Domain Model领域模型 472
The Architecture架构 476
Abstract Classes and Interfaces in Sequence Diagrams序列图中的抽象类和接口 485
Summary总结 486
Bibliography参考文献 487
Appendix B UML Notation II：The STATMUX UML图示之二：STATMUX 489
The Statistical Multiplexor Definition统计多路复用器的定义 489
The Software Environment软件环境 490
The Real-time Constraints实时限制 490
The Input Interrupt Service Routine输入中断服务例程 491
The Output Service Interrupt Routine输出服务中断的例程 495
The Communications Protocol通信协议 496
Conclusion结论 506
Bibliography参考文献 506
Appendix C A Satire of Two Companies双公司记 507
RufuS,Inc．
Project Kickoff 507
Rupert Industries
Project：~Alpha~ 507
AppendixD The Source Code Is the Design源代码就是设计 517
What Is Software Design? 什么是软件 517
Afterword 跋 523
Index 525
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