This standard stipulated the catalogue and coding， defect description， causes of defects，means of detection and methods should be taken of various rail defects.This standard applies to the statistics of rail defects， Cause of defect and defect information treatment.This standard doesn't apply to the following defects：a）The rail parts made from cutting and forging rails，such as switch rails（point rails，wing rails） ，guardrail，expansion joint rails，etc.;b）Driving accidents caused by the non-rail defects or rails caused by the disaster;c）The few special rails made from the special experiment materials or with special cross section out of this standard.

This standard specifies the requirements and test methods for the performance of flame retardant for the decorating materials for multiple units.This standard applies to decorating materials for multiple units at or above the operating speed of 200 km/h.

This Specification is provided for the purpose of guiding the construction of falsework for cast-in-place construction of railway concrete girders，harmonizing main technical requirements，enhancing construction management，and ensuring construction quality.This Specification is applicable to the falsework for cast-in-place construction of simply-supported or continuous girders.

Thisstandard specifies the general technical specifications， inspection and acceptance rules，marking and quality assurance of electric locomotives.This standard applies to electric locomotives with single-phase AC 25 kV and 50 Hz on trunk lines with the gauge of 1 435 mm （hereinafter referred to as locomotives）.Locomotives driven by rotating motor， similar to the ones in this standard，may refer to this standard.

This standard specifies the test facility and environment of locomotive car body strength test，test details，measuring point arrangement，test equipment and instruments，test methods as well as stress calculation，deflection measurement，evaluation of static strength and stiffness，test report and so on.This standard applies to test and evaluation of static strength and stiffness of general purpose locomotive car body used for standard gauge railway.For locomotives of other purposes，this standard may be followed.

本标准由18章组成，其主要内容包括总则，经济运量与运输组织图形符号，线路图形符号，轨道图形符号，地质图形符号，路基、桥涵和隧道图形符号，站场图形符号，机务、车辆、综合检测与维修及动车组设备图形符号，通信、信息图形符号，信号图形符号，防灾安全监控图形符号，电力图形符号，电气化图形符号，给水排水图形符号，房屋建筑图形符号，环境保护图形符号，施工组织图形符号，施工现场标志，另有10个附录。本标准的主要修订内容如下：1．标准名称修改为《铁路工程图形符号标准》。2．增加了高速铁路、数字移动通信GSM-R等有关的图形符号。3．增加了“轨道图形符号”章节，补充了无缝线路等体现轨道专业要求的图形符号。4．增加了“电力图形符号”、“房屋建筑图形符号”、“环境保护图形符号”章节，重点补充与铁路设计相关的图形符号。5．补充了经济运量有关内容。6．补充了地质专业未作规定的图形符号。7．原“机务设备和车辆设备”章节名称改为“机务、车辆、综合检测与维修及动车组设备图形符号”，并补充动车组设备、综合检测与维修的有关图形符号。8．将“通信图形符号”章节改为“通信、信息图形符号”，并增加信息有关内容。9．纳入“施工现场标志”有关内容。10.取消了涉及“蒸汽机车”的有关图形符号。

This standard specifies the terms and definitions contained in the Measuring methods for Railway Integrated Grounding System， general provisions，soil resistivity measuring method，ground resistance measuring method of separate ground electrodes，electric integrity measuring method of railway integrated grounding system，ground impedance measuring method of railway integrated grounding system，ground surface potential distribution，step voltage and touch voltage measuring method，and track potential and equipment potential measuring method for railway integrated grounding system.

本书由中国科普研究所组织各领域专家对一百年来中国科学小品进行了赏析评价。本赏析主要分为物理、化学、数学、生物、人体、天文、能源与环境、建筑与交通、电子与信息、武器与国防、灾难与防护等十二个方面的科学小品，每个部分主要对学科该阶段的背景梳理和整体发展情况介绍、对该学科该时期优秀科普作家、作品的赏析、对该学科该时期作家作品中出现的问题的分析，或者是对未来的展望以及建议、并将参考书目列于其后，供读者参考。此外，该书还附有科学小品论丛，精选了民国至今的优秀科学小品60余篇，以飨读者。

本教材论述了老年服务伦理的基本理论，呈现了老年服务的基本礼仪，全书分为上下两篇。上篇为老年服务伦理，包括认知老年服务伦理、老年服务的道德规范、老年服务的道德养成、传承与弘扬孝道文化等四个模块。下篇为老年服务礼仪，包括老年服务礼仪培养的意义、符合职业要求的仪容、得体的穿着服饰、从容自信的举止、语言的艺术等五个模块。

Thisstandardcomprises8chaptersand1annex，themajorcontentsofthisstandardincludegeneralprovisions，termsandsymbols，generalrequirements，designofanchoragesystem，anchoragedesignofslopes，anchoragedesignoftunnelsandcaverns，anchoragedesignofhydraulicstructures，designandtestofsafetymonitoring，andtestoftendonbearingcapacity.《水工预应力锚固设计规范》共8章19节153条和1个附录，主要包括以下内容：总则；术语和符号；一般规定；锚固体系设计；边坡锚固设计；地下洞室锚固设计；水工建筑物锚固设计；安全监测设计与试验；附录锚索承载能力试验。