UNIX环境高级编程

　　内容提要本书是被誉为UNIX编程"圣经"的Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment一书的更新版。在本书第1版出版后的十几年中，UNIX行业已经有了巨大的变化，特别是影响UNIX编程接口的有关标准变化很大。本书在保持了前一版的风格的基础上，根据最新的标准对内容进行了修订和增补，反映了最新的技术发展。书中除了介绍UNIX文件和、标准I/O库、系统数据文件和信息、进程环境、进程控制、进程关系、信号、线程、线程控制、守护进程、各种I/O、进程间通信、网络IPC、伪终端等方面的内容，还在此基础上介绍了多个应用示例，包括如何创建数据库函数库以及如何与网络打印机通信等。此外，还在附录中给出了函数原型和部分习题的答案。本书内容权威，概念清晰，阐述精辟，对于所有层次UNIX程序员都是一本不可或缺的参考书。 ContentsChapter 1.　UNIX System Overview　11.1　Introduction　11.2　UNIX Architecture　11.3　Logging In　21.4　Files and Directories　41.5　Input and Output　81.6　Programs and Processes　101.7　Error Handling　141.8　User Identification　161.9　Signals　181.10　Time Values　201.11　System Calls and Library Functions　211.12　Summary　23Chapter 2.　UNIX Standardization and Implementations　252.1　Introduction　252.2　UNIX Standardization　252.2.1ISO C　252.2.2IEEE POSIX　262.2.3The Single UNIX Specification　292.2.4FIPS　332.3　UNIX System Implementations　332.3.1UNIX System V Release 4　332.3.24.4BSD　342.3.3FreeBSD　352.3.4Linux　352.3.5Mac OS X　352.3.6Solaris　352.3.7Other UNIX Systems　362.4　Relationship of Standards and Implementations　362.5　Limits　362.5.1ISO C Limits　382.5.2POSlX Limits　382.5.3XSl Limits　402.5.4sysconf， pathconf， and fpathconf Functions　412.5.5Indeterminate Runtime Limits　482.6　Options　522.7　Feature Test Macros　552.8　Primitive System Data Types　562.9　Conflicts Between Standards　562.10　Summary　58Chapter 3.　File I/0　593.1　Introduction　593.2　File Descriptors　593.3　open Function　603.4　creat Function　623.5　close Function　633.6　1 seek Function　633.7　read Function　673.8　write Function　683.9　I/O Efficiency　683.10　File Sharing　703.11　Atomic Operations　743.12　dup and dup2 Functions　763.13　sync， fsync， and fdatasync Functions　773.14　fcnt 1 Function　783.15　ioct 1 Function　833.16　/dev/fd　843.17　Summary　85Chapter 4.　Files and Directories　874.1　Introduction　874.2　stat， fstat， and lstat Functions　874.3　File Types　884.4　Set-User-ID and Set-Group-ID　914.5　File Access Permissions　924.6　Ownership of New Files and Directories　954.7　access Function　954.8　umask Function　974.9　chmod and f chmod Functions　994.10　StickyBit　1014.11　chown， fchown， and lchown Functions　1024.12　File Size　1034.13　File Truncation　1054.14　File Systems　1054.15　link， unlink， remove， and rename Functions　1084.16　Symbolic Links　1124.17　syml ink and readlink Functions　1154.18　File Times　1154.19　ut ime Function　1164.20　mkdir and rmdir Functions　1194.21　Reading Directories　1204.22　chdir， fchdir， and getcwd Functions　1254.23　Device Special Files　1274.24　Summary of File Access Permission Bits　1304.25　Summary　130Chapter 5.　Standard I/O Library　1335.1　Introduction　1335.2　Streams and FILE Objects　1335.3　Standard Input， Standard Output， and Standard Error　1355.4　Buffering　1355.5　Opening a Stream　1385.6　Reading and Writing a Stream　1405.7　Line-at-a-Time I/O　1425.8　Standard I/O Efficiency　1435.9　Binary I/O　1455.10　Positioning a Stream　1475.11　Formatted I/O　1495.12　Implementation Details　1535.13　Temporary Files　1555.14　Alternatives to Standard I/O　1595.15　Summary　159Chapter 6.　System Data Files and Information　1616.1　Introduction　1616.2　Password File　1616.3　Shadow Passwords　1656.4　Group File　1666.5　Supplementary Group IDs　1676.6　Implementation Differences　1696.7　Other Data Files　1696.8　Login Accounting　1706.9　System Identification　1716.10　Time and Date Routines　1736.11　Summary　177Chapter 7.　Process Environment　1797.1　Introduction　1797.2　main Function　1797.3　Process Termination　1807.4　Command-Line Arguments　1857.5　Environment List　1857.6　Memory Layout of a C Program　1867.7　Shared Libraries　1887.8　Memory Allocation　1897.9　Environment Variables　1927.10　set j mp and longj mp Functions　1957.11　getrlimit and setrlimit Functions　2027.12　Summary　206Chapter 8.　Process Control　2098.1　Introduction　2098.2　Process Identifiers　2098.3　fork Function　2118.4　vfork Function　2168.5　exit Functions　2188.6　wait and waitpid Functions　2208.7　waitid Function　2268.8　wait3 and wait4 Functions　2278.9　Race Conditions　2278.10　exec Functions　2318.11　Changing User IDs and Group IDs　2378.12　Interpreter Files　2428.13　system Function　2468.14　Process Accounting　2508.15　User Identification　2568.16　Process Times　2578.17　Summary　259Chapter 9.　Process Relationships　2619.1　Introduction　2619.2　Terminal Logins　2619.3　Network Logins　2669.4　Process Groups　2699.5　Sessions　2709.6　Controlling Terminal　2729.7　tcgetpgrp， tcsetpgrp， and tcgetsid Functions　2739.8　Job Control　2749.9　Shell Execution of Programs　2789.10　Orphaned Process Groups　2829.11　FreeBSD Implementation　2859.12　Summary　287Chapter 10.Signals　28910.1　Introduction　28910.2　Signal Concepts　28910.3　signal Function　29810.4　Unreliable Signals　30110.5　Interrupted System Calls　30310.6　Reentrant Functions　30510.7　s IGCLD Semantics　30810.8　Reliable-Signal Terminology and Semantics　31010.9　kill and raise Functions　31110.10　alarm and pause Functions　31310.11　Signal Sets　31810.12　sigprocmask Function　32010.13　s igpending Function　32210.14　sigaction Function　32410.15　sigsetjmp and siglongjmp Functions　32910.16　s igsuspend Function　33310.17　abort Function　34010.18　sys t em Function　34210.19　s I eep Function　34710.20　Job-Control Signals　34910.21　Additional Features　35210.22　Summary　353Chapter 11.Threads　35511.1　Introduction　35511.2　Thread Concepts　35511.3　Thread Identification　35611.4　Thread Creation　35711.5　Thread Termination　36011.6　Thread Synchronization　36811.7　Summary　385Chapter 12.Thread Control　38712.1　Introduction　38712.2　Thread Limits　38712.3　Thread Attributes　38812.4　Synchronization Attributes　39312.5　Reentrancy　40112.6　Thread-Specific Data　40612.7　Cancel Options　41012.8　Threads and Signals　41312.9　Threads and fork　41612.10　Threads and I/O　42012.11　Summary　420Chapter 13.Daemon Processes　42313.1　Introduction　42313.2　Daemon Characteristics　42313.3　Coding Rules　42513.4　Error Logging　42813.5　Single-Instance Daemons　43213.6　Daemon Conventions　43413.7　Client-Server Model　43913.8　Summary　439Chapter 14.Advanced I/O44114.1　Introduction　44114.2　Nonblocking I/O　44114.3　Record Locking　44414.4　STREAMS　46014.5　I/O Multiplexing　47214.5.1　select and pselect Functions　47414.5.2　pol 1 Function　47914.6　Asynchronous I/O　48114.6.1　System V Asynchronous I/O　48114.6.2　BSD Asynchronous I/O　48214.7　readv and writev Functions　48314.8　readn and writen Functions　48514.9　Memory-Mapped I/O　48714.10　Summary　492Chapter 15.Interprocess Communication　49515.1　Introduction　49515.2　Pipes　49615.3　popen and pclose Functions　50315.4　Cop rocesses　51015.5　FIFOs　51415.6　XSI IPC　51815.6.1　Identifiers and Keys　51815.6.2　Permission Structure　52015.6.3　Configuration Limits　52115.6.4　Advantages and Disadvantages　52115.7　Message Queues　52215.8　Semaphores　52715.9　Shared Memory　53315.10　Client-Server Properties　54115.11　Summary　543Chapter 16.Network IPC： Sockets　54516.1　Introduction　54516.2　Socket Descriptors　54616.3　Addressing　54916.3.1　Byte Ordering　54916.3.2　Address Formats　55116.3.3　Address Lookup　55316.3.4　Associating Addresses with Sockets　56016.4　Connection Establishment　56116.5　Data Transfer　56516.6　Socket Options　57916.7　Out-of-Band Data　58116.8　Nonblocking and Asynchronous I/O　58216.9　Summary　583Chapter 17.Advanced IPC　58517.1　Introduction　58517.2　STREAMS-Based Pipes　58517.2.1　Naming STREAMS Pipes　58917.2.2　Unique Connections　59017.3　UNIX Domain Sockets　59417.3.1　Naming UNIX Domain Sockets　59517.3.2　Unique Connections　59717.4　Passing File Descriptors　60117.4.1　Passing File Descriptors over STREAMS-Based Pipes　60417.4.2　Passing File Descriptors over UNIX Domain Sockets　60617.5　An Open Server， Version 1　61517.6　An Open Server， Version 2　62017.7　Summary　629Chapter 18.Terminal I/O　63118.1　Introduction　63118.2　Overview　63118.3　Special Input Characters　63818.4　Getting and Setting Terminal Attributes　64318.5　Terminal Option Flags　64318.6　stty Command　65118.7　Baud Rate Functions　65218.8　Line Control Functions　65318.9　Terminal Identification　65418.10　Canonical Mode　66018.11　Noncanonical Mode　66318.12　Terminal Window Size　67018.13　termcap， terminfo， and curses　67218.14　Summary　673Chapter 19.Pseudo Terminals　67519.1　Introduction　67519.2　Overview　67519.3　Opening Pseudo-Terminal Devices　68119.3.1　STREAMS-Based Pseudo Terminals　68319.3.2　BSD-Based Pseudo Terminals　68619.3.3　Linux-Based Pseudo Terminals　68919.4　pty fork Function　69119.5　pty Program　69419.6　Using the pty Program　69819.7　Advanced Features　70519.8　Summary　706Chapter 20.A Database Library　70920.1　Introduction　70920.2　History　70920.3　The Library　71020.4　Implementation Overview　71220.5　Centralized or Decentralized？　71620.6　Concurrency　71820.7　Building the Library　71920.8　Source Code　71920.9　Performance　74720.10　Summary　752Chapter 21.Communicating with a Network Printer　75321.1　Introduction　75321.2　The Internet Printing Protocol　75321.3　The Hypertext Transfer Protocol　75621.4　Printer Spooling　75721.5　Source Code　75821.6　Summary　805Appendix A.Function Prototypes　807Appendix B.Miscellaneous Source Code　843B.1　Our Header File　843B.2　Standard Error Routines　846Appendix C.Solutions to Selected Exercises　853Bibliography　885Index　891

　　作者：W.RichardStevens国际知名的Unix和网络专家，《TCP/IP详解》（三卷本）作者W.RichardStevens（1951-1999），是国际知名的Unix和网络专家；受人尊敬的计算机图书作家；同时他还是广受欢迎的教师和顾问。Stevens先生1951年生于赞比亚，他的家庭曾多次搬迁，最终定居于南非。早年，他就读于美国弗吉尼亚州的费什本军事学校，后获得密歇根大学学士、亚利桑那大学系统工程硕士和博士学位。他曾就职于基特峰国家天文台，从事计算机编程；还曾在康涅狄格州纽黑文市的健康系统国际公司任主管计算机服务的副总裁。Stevens先生不幸病逝于1999年9月1日，他的离去是计算机界的巨大损失。UNIX环境高级编程（第2版）>>更多作品

Foreword.
Preface.
Preface to the First Edition.
1. UNIX System Overview.
    Introduction.
    UNIX Architecture.
    Logging In.
    Files and Directories.
    Input and Output.
    Programs and Processes.
    Error Handling.
    User Identification.
    Signals.
    Time Values.
    System Calls and Library Functions.
    Summary.
2. UNIX Standardization and Implementations.
    Introduction.
    UNIX Standardization.
    UNIX System Implementations.
    Relationship of Standards and Implementations.
    Limits.
    Options.
    Feature Test Macros.
    Primitive System Data Types.
    Conflicts Between Standards.
    Summary.
3. File I/O.
    Introduction.
    File Descriptors.
    open Function.
    creat Function.
    closeFunction.
    lseek Function.
    read Function.
    write Function.
    I/O Efficiency.
    File Sharing.
    Atomic Operations.
    dup and dup2 Functions.
    sync, fsync, and fdatasync Functions.
    fcntl Function.
    ioctl Function.
    /dev/fd.
    Summary.
4. Files and Directories.
    Introduction.
    stat, fstat, and lstat Functions.
    File Types.
    Set-User-ID and Set-Group-ID.
    File Access Per missions.
    Ownership of New Files and Directories.
    access Function.
    umask Function.
    chmodand fchmod Functions.
    Sticky Bit.
    chown, fchown, and lchown Functions.
    File Size.
    File Truncation.
    File Systems.
    link, unlink, remove, and rename Functions.
    Symbolic Links.
    symlinkand readlink Functions.
    File Times.
    utime Function.
    mkdirand rmdir Functions.
    Reading Director ies.
    chdir, fchdir, and getcwd Functions.
    Device Special Files.
    Summary of File Access Per mission Bits.
    Summary.
5. Standard I/O Library.
    Introduction.
    Streams and FILE Objects.
    Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error.
    Buffering.
    Opening a Stream.
    Reading and Writing a Stream.
    Line-at-a-Time I/O.
    Standard I/O Efficiency.
    Binary I/O.
    Positioning a Stream.
    Formatted I/O.
    Implementation Details.
    Temporary Files.
    Alternatives to Standard I/O.
    Summary.
6. System Data Files and Information.
    Introduction.
    Password File.
    Shadow Passwords.
    Group File.
    Supplementary Group Ids.
    Implementation Differences.
    Other Data Files.
    Login Accounting.
    System Identification.
    Time and Date Routines.
    Summary.
7. Process Environment.
    Introduction.
    main Function.
    Process Termination.
    Command-Line Arguments.
    Environment List.
    Memory Layout of a C Program.
    Shared Libraries.
    Memory Allocation.
    Environment Variables.
    setjmp and longjmp Functions.
    getrlimit and setrlimit Functions.
    Summary.
8. Process Control.
    Introduction.
    Process Identifiers.
    fork Function.
    vfork Function.
    exit Functions.
    waitand waitpid Functions.
    waitid Function.
    wait3and wait4Functions.
    Race Conditions.
    exec Functions.
    Changing User IDs and Group IDs.
    Interpreter Files.
    system Function.
    Process Accounting.
    User Identification.
    Process Times.
    Summary.
9. Process Relationships.
    Introduction.
    Terminal Logins.
    Network Logins.
    Process Groups.
    Sessions.
    Controlling Terminal.
    tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp, and tcgetsid Functions.
    Job Control.
    Shell Execution of Programs.
    Orphaned Process Groups.
    FreeBSD Implementation.
    Summary.
10. Signals.
    Introduction.
    Signal Concepts.
    signal Function.
    Unreliable Signals.
    Interrupted System Calls.
    Reentrant Functions.
    SIGCLD Semantics.
    Reliable-Signal Terminology and Semantics.
    killand raise Functions.
    alarmand pause Functions.
    Signal Sets.
    sigprocmask Function.
    sigpending Function.
    sigaction Function.
    sigsetjmp and siglongjmp Functions.
    sigsuspend Function.
    abort Function.
    system Function.
    sleep Function.
    Job-Control Signals.
    Additional Features.
    Summary.
11. Threads.
    Introduction.
    Thread Concepts.
    Thread Identification.
    Thread Creation.
    Thread Termination.
    Thread Synchronization.
    Summary.
12. Thread Control.
    Introduction.
    Thread Limits.
    hread Attributes.
    Synchronization Attributes.
    Reentrancy.
    Thread-Specific Data.
    Cancel Options.
    Threads and Signals.
    Threads and fork.
    Threads and I/O.
    Summary.
13. Daemon Processes.
    Introduction.
    Daemon Characteristics.
    Coding Rules.
    Error Logging.
    Single-Instance Daemons.
    Daemon Conventions.
    Client-Server Model.
    Summary.
14. Advanced I/O.
    Introduction.
    Nonblocking I/O.
    Record Locking.
    STREAMS.
    I/O Multiplexing.
    2 poll Function.
    Asynchronous I/O.
    readv and writev Functions.
    readn and written Functions.
    Memory-Mapped I/O.
    Summary.
15. Interprocess Communication.
    Introduction.
    Pipes.
    popen and pclose Functions.
    Coprocesses.
    FIFOs.
    XSI IPC.
    Message Queues.
    Semaphores.
    Shared Memory.
    Client-Server Properties.
    Summary.
16. Network IPC: Sockets.
    Introduction.
    Socket Descriptors.
    Addressing.
    Connection Establishment.
    Data Transfer.
    Socket Options.
     Out-of-Band Data.
    Nonblocking and Asynchronous I/O.
    Summary.
17 Advanced IPC.
    Introduction.
    STREAMS-Based Pipes.
    Unique Connections.
    Passing File Descriptors.
     An Open Server, Version 1.
    An Open Server, Version 2.
    Summary.
18. Terminal I/O.
    Introduction.
    Overview.
    Special Input Characters.
     Getting and Setting Terminal Attributes.
    Terminal Option Flags.
    stty Command.
    Baud Rate Functions.
    Line Control Functions.
    Terminal Identification.
    Canonical Mode.
    Noncanonical Mode.
    Terminal Window Size.
    termcap, terminfo, and curses.
    Summary.
19. Pseudo Terminals.
    Introduction.
    Overview.
    Opening Pseudo-Terminal Devices.
    pty_fork Function.
    pty Program.
    Using the pty Program.
    Advanced Features.
    Summary.
20. A Database Library.
    Introduction.
    History.
    The Library.
    Implementation Overview.
    Centralized or Decentralized?
    Concurrency.
    Building the Library.
    Source Code.
    Performance.
    Summary.
21. Communicating with a Network Printer.
    Introduction.
    The Inter net Printing Protocol.
    The Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
    Printer Spooling.
    Source Code.
    Summary.
Appendix A. Function Prototypes.
Appendix B. Miscellaneous Source Code.
    Our Header File.
    Standard Error Routines.
Appendix C. Solutions to Selected Exercises.
Bibliography.
Index.