书籍详情
组织行为学：概念·争议·应用（第七版 影印版）
作者：（美）[斯蒂芬·P.罗宾斯]（Stephen P.Robbins）著
出版社：清华大学出版社
出版时间：1998-03-01
ISBN：9787302024712
定价：¥59.00
内容简介
本书是一本在组织行为理论方面非常系统的专业教材。组织行为理论是管理理论中菲常重要的一个部分；作者针对管理者的特性设置了原理、应用方法、案例加上争议点的结构，每章的争议点都客观地列出正反两方面的观点以帮助读者建立起辩证的思维方法。全书围绕个人、群体和组织系统三个层次的线索以讨论的语气递进展开。只育了解过去才能清楚地认识现在和将来，在本书中几乎可以读到所有有关组织行为的古典理论。作者非常仔细地将这些理论娓娓道来。同时，围绕组织变革的动力即劳动力特性、技术、经济变革、竞争、社会发展趋势、世界政治变化等，将新的研究成果与古典理论不露痕迹地结合在一起，对具有代表性的现代组织权变理论还有专门论述。团队或称小组是近年来新兴的一种组织，在西方的理论和实践申受到普遍重视，为此，作者除在各相关章节中提及外，单辟了一章对其进行详细说明。对研究人员来说，书中关于研究方洁和模型建立的部分也有一定的参考价值。因此，本书是一本少见的可用于大学商学院本科生和研究生教学的参考书，同时又可供研究人员和实际工作人员参考。
作者简介
暂缺《组织行为学：概念·争议·应用（第七版 影印版）》作者简介
目录
Brief Contents
Part One ?Introduction
Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
Chapter 2 Responding to Global and Cultural Diversity
Part Two ?The Individual
Chapter 3 Foundations of Individual Behavior
Chapter 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making
Chapter 5 Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Chapter 6 Basic Motivation Concepts
Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
Part Three The Group
Chapter 8 Foundations of Group Behavior
Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams
Chapter 10 Communication
Chapter 11 Leadership
Chapter 12 Power and Politics
Chapter 13 Conflict, Negotiation, and Intergroup Behavior
Part Four ?The Organization System
Chapter 14 Foundations of Organization Structure
Chapter 15 Technology, Work Design, and Stress
Chapter 16 Human Resource Policies and Practices
Chapter 17 Organizational Culture
Part Five?Organizational Dynamics
Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Development
Appendix A The Historical Evolution of Organizational
Behavior
Appendix B Research in Organizational Behavior
Appendix C Scoring Keys for "Learning About Yourself"
Exercises
Glossary G-l
PART ONE ?INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
What Managers Do
Management Functions 5 ?Management Roles 7 ?Management
Skills 8 ?Effective vs. Successful Managerial Activities 8 ?A Review of
the Manager's Job 9
Enter Organizational Behavior
Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study
Generalizations About Behavior 10 ?Consistency vs. Individual
Differences 11
Challenges and Opportunities for OB 13
Improving Quality and Productivity 13 ?Improving People Skills 14 ? Managing Work Force Diversity 14
OB in the News: Work-Force Study Finds Divisions of Race and
Gender Are Deep 16
Responding to Globalization 16 ?Empowering People 17 ? Stimulating Innovation and Change 17 ?Coping with
"Temporariness" 18 ?Declining Employee Loyalty 18
OB in the News: The Flexible Work Force 19
Improving Ethical Behavior 20
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field 21
Psychology 21 ?Sociology 22 ?Social Psychology 23 ? Anthropology 23 ?Political Science 24
There Are Few Absolutes in OB 24
Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model
An Overview 25 ?The Dependent Variables 25 ?The Independent
Variables 28 ?Toward a Contingency OB Model 30
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case for a Structural Explanation of Organizational Behavior
Coimterpoint: The Case for a PsyGhological Explanation of Organizational
Behavior
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: How Does Your Ethical Behavior Rate?
Working with Others Exercise: Work Force Diversity Exercise
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Can a Business Firm Be Too Ethical?
Case Incident: Rosenbluth International Travel, Inc.
Video Case: The Workplace of the 1990s
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 2 Responding to Global and Cultural Diversity
Pervasiveness of Diversity
International Diversity 44 ?Intranational Diversity
Welcome to the Global Village
Multinational Corporations 46 ?Regional Cooperative
Arrangements
Facing the Intemational Challenge
American Biases
OB in the News: Under Japanese Bosses, Americans Find Work Both
Better and Worse
The Foreign Born in America
The Relevant Question: Are National Cultures Becoming More
Homogeneous?
Assessing Differences Between Countries
The Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework 52 ?The Hofstede
Framework
The Reality of Culture Shock
OB in the News: Aren't Canadians Just Like Their Neighbors
to the South?
Inside the Organization: The Challenge of Work Force Diversity
The Changing Workplace 61 ?Origins of the Diversity Movement
?From "Everyone's the Same" to "Acknowledging Differences" to
"Valuing Differences"
OB in the News: Hewlett-Packard Discovers Diversity Is Good
for Business
Managing Diversity in Organizations
Flexible Work Arrangements 64 ?Child- and Elder-Care Benefits 65 ? Diversity Training
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
for Discussion
Pomt: Cross-Cultural Training Doesn't Work
Counterpoint: Cross-Cultural Training Is Effective
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What's Your International IQ?
Working with Others Exercise: Learning About Differences Through Analyzing
Prejudice
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: The Diversity Movement: What About Its Adverse
Impact on White Males?
Case Incident: Xerox of Mexicu
Video Case: Are Women Really Treated Different from Men?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progessive Case: Part One, Introduction, Rob Panco: The Evolution of a
Manager
PART TWO ?THE INDIVIDUAL
Chapter 3 Foundations of Individual Behavior
Biographical Characteristics
Age 83 ?Gender 84 ?Marital Status 85 ?Number of Dependents 85 ? Tenure
Ability
Intellectual Abilities 86 ?Physical Abilities 87 ?The Ability-Job Fit
Personality
What Is Personality?
From Concepts to Skills: Self-Awareness: Do You Know Yourself?
Personality Determinants 90 ?Personality Traits 92 ? Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB 94 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Assess Your Locus of Control 95 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: How Machiavellian Are You? 96 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: How's Your Self-Esteem? 97 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a High Self-Monitor? 99 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a Risk Taker? 100 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a Type A? 102 ?Personality and
National Culture 103 ?Matching Personalities andJobs
Learning 105
A Definition of Learning 105 ?Theories of Learning
OB in the News: Apprenticeship Programs at Siemens
Shaping: A Managerial Tool 110 ?Some Specific Organizational
Applications
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Value of Traits in Explaining Attitudes and Behavior
Counterpoint: The Limited Power of Traits in Organizations
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: How Important is Success to You?
Working with Others Exercise: Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Reinforcement and Unethical Behavior
Case Incident: Predicting Performance
Video Case: Why Do Some People Have a "Winning" Personality?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making
What Is Perception and Why Is It Important?
Factors Influencing Perception
The Perceiver 132 ?The Target 134 ?The Situation
Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others
Attribution Theory 135 ?Frequently Used Shortcuts inJudging
Others
OB in the news: Managers Explain What Has Helped and Hindered
Their Advancement
Specific Applications in Organizations
The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making
The Optimizing Decision-Making Model
Steps in the Optimizing Model 144 ?Assumptions of the Optimizing
Model 147 ?Predictions from the Optimizing Model
From Concepts to Skills: Creative Problem Solving
Alternative Decision-Making Models
The Satisficing Model 150 ?The Implicit Favorite Model 152 ? The Intuitive Model
OB in the News: Too Many Facts Spoil the Decision
Current Issues in Decision Making
Improving Ethical Decision Making 156 ?Decision Making in
Different Cultures 158 ?Escalation of Commitment or "Throwing
Good Money After Bad"
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: When Hiring Employees: Emphasize the Positive
Counterpoint: When Hiring Employees: Balance the Positive with
the Negative
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: Decision-Making Style Questionnaire
Working with Others Exercise: Evaluating Your Interpersonal Perception
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Five Ethical Decisions: What Would You Do?
Case Incident: "1 Don't Make Decisions"
Video Case: What Do Those Wall Street People Do?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 5 Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Values 174
Importance of Values 174 ?Sources of Our Value Systems 175 ? Types of Values 176 ?Values, Loyalty, and Ethical Behavior 179
Attitudes
Sources of Attitudes 180 ?Types of Attitudes 181 ?Attitudes and
Consistency
OB in the News: How Do Tobacco Executives Live with
Themselves?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory 184 ?Measuring the A-B
Relationship 186 ?An Application: Attitude Surveys
From Concepts to Skills: Changing Attitudes
Attitudes and Work Force Diversity
Job Satisfaction
MeasuringJob Satisfaction 190 ?The Status ofJob Satisfaction in the
Workplace Today 191 ?What Determines Job Satisfaction? 192 ? The Effect ofJob Satisfaction on Employee Performance 193 ? How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Importance of High Job Satisfaction
Counterpoint: Job Satisfaction Has Been Overemphasized
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What Do You Value?
Working with Others Exercise: Assessing Work Attitudes
Ethkal Dilemma Exercise: Dissatisfaction and Whistle-blowing
Case Incident: Binney & Smith
Video Case: Between Two Worlds
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 6 Basic Motivation Concepts
What Is Motivation?
Early Theories of Motivation
Hierarchy of Needs Theory 213 ?Theory X and Theory Y 214 ? Motivation-Hygiene Theory
OB in the News: Thanks for the Recognition, but Where's
the Money?
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
ERG Theory 218 ?McClelland's Theory of Needs 219 ?Cognitive
Evaluation Theory 222 ?Goal-Setting Theory 224 ?Reinforcement
Theory 225 ?Equity Theory 226 ?Expectancy Theory 230
OB in the News: How Do You Motivate American Workers
to Improve Quality?
Don't Forget Ability and Opportunity
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Caveat Emptor: Motivation Theories Are Culture Bound
Summary and Implications for Managers
Summary
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Money Motivates!
Counterpoint: Money Doesn't Motivate Most Employees Today!
Learning About Yourself Exercise: What Motivates You?
Working with Others Exercise: What Do People Want from Their Jobs?
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is "Motivation" Merely "Manipulation"
in Fine Dress Clothes?
Case Incident: Responding to a Labor Shortage: Nissan vs. USA Truck
Video Case: Perks That Come with Being a State Governor
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
Management by Objectives
What is MBO? 252 ?Linking MBO and Goal-Setting Theory 257 ? MBO in Practice 254
OB in the News: Many Managers Still Complain About a Lack of
Clear Job Goals
Behavior Modification
What is OB Mod? 256 ?Linking OB Mod and Reinforcement
Theory
OB Mod in Practice
Employee Involvement Programs
What is Employee Involvement? 259 ?Examples of Employee
Involvement Programs
UB in the News: "I'm not only a reservation agent,
I'm an owner!"
Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation
Theories 263 ?Employee Involvement Programs in Practice
Variable-Pay Programs
What Are Variable-Pay Programs? 265 ?Linking Variable-Pay
Programs and Expectancy Theory 267 ?Variable-Pay Programs
in Practice
OB in the News: Gainsharing Works at Whirlpool
Skill-Based Pay Plans
What Are Skill-Based Pay Plans? 269 ?Linking Skill-Based Pay Plans
to Motivation Theories 270 ?Skill-Based Pay in Practice
Flexible Benefits
What Are riexidle Benefits? 272 ?Lihking Flexible Benefits and
Expectancy Theory 272 ?Flexible Benefits in Practice
Comparable Worth
What Is Comparable Worth? 273 ?Comparable Worth and Equity
Theory 274 ?Comparable Worth in Practice
Special Issues in Motivation
Motivating Professionals 275 ?Motivating Temporary Workers 276 ? Motivating the Diversified Work Force
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case for Pay Secrecy
Counterpoint: Let's Make Pay Information Open to All!
Learning About Yourself Exercise: How Equity Sensitive Are You?
Working with Others Exercise: Goal-Setting Task
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Are American CEOs Paid Too Much?
Case Incident: "What Am 1 Going to Do About Stella McCarthy?"
Video-Case: Executive Compensation as a Motivator
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progessive Case: Part Two, The Individual, Rob Panco:
Managing Individuals
PART THREE ?THE GROUP
Chapter 8 Foundations of Group Behavior
Defining and Classifying Groups
Stages of Group Development
The Five-Stage Model 295 ?The Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
Sodometry: Analyzing Group Interaction
Toward Explaining Work Group Behavior
External Conditions Imposed on the Group
Organization Strategy 301 ?Authority Structures 301 ?Formal
Regulations 302 ?Organizational Resources 302 ?Personnel Selection
Process 302 ?Performance Evaluation and Reward System 302 ? Organizational Culture 302 ?Physical Work Setting
Group Member Resources
Abilities 303 ?Personality Characteristics
Group Structure
Formal Leadership 304 ?Roles 304 ?Nonns 308 ?Status 310 ? Size 313 ?Composition 315
OB in the News: Work Force Diversity and Cliques
Group Processes
Group Tasks
Group Decision Making
Groups vs. the Individual 319 ?Groupthink and Groupshift 321 ? Group Decision-Making Techniques
From Concepts to Skills: Conducting a Group Meeting
Should Management Seek Cohesive Work Groups?
Determinants of Cohesiveness 328 ?Effects of Cohesiveness on Group
Productivity
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Designing Jobs Around Groups
Counterpoint: Jobs Should Be Designed Arouna individuals
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: Are You Attracted to the Group?
Working with Others Exercise: The Paper Tower Exercise 336
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Should.You Agree with Your Boss When You Don't?
Case Incident: Games People Play in the Shipping Department
Video Case: The Prima Donna
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams
Why Have Teams Become So Popular?
OB in the News: Building Teamwork in the Clinton
Administration
Teams vs. Groups: What's the Ditterence?
Types of Teams
Problem-Solving Teams 348 ?Self-Managed Work Teams 349 ? Cross-Functional Teams
OB in the News: Just Because You're Big, You Don't Have
to Be Slow
Linking Teams and Group Concepts: Toward Creating High-Performance
Teams
Size ot work Teams 352 ?Abilities of Members 352 ?Allocating Roles
and Promoting Diversity 353 ?Having a Commitment to a Common
Purpose 354 ?Establishing Specific Goals 355 ?Leadership and
Structure 356 ?Social Loafing and Accountability 356 ?Appropriate
Performance Evaluation and Reward Systems 356 ?Developing High
Mutual Trust
Turning Individuals into Team Players
The Challenge 358 ?Shaping Team Players
Contemporary Issues in Managing Teams
Teams and Labor Law 360 ?Teams and Total Quality
Management
OB in the News: A Look at One of America's Best Performing
Manufacturing Plants
Teams and Work Force Diversity 363 ?Reinvigorating Mature
Teams 364
Summary and Jmplications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: The Value of Teams
Counterpoint: The Tyranny of a Team Ideology
LeamingAbout Yowself Exercise: Do Others See Me as Trustworthy?
Working with Others Exercise: Team Experience Exercise
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Do 1 Have To Be a Team Player?
Case Incident: XEL Communications
Video Case: Assembly Line Team at Square D
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 10 Communication
Functions of Communication
The Communication Process
A Communication Model 378 ?Sources of Distortion 380 ? Communication Apprehension
Communication Pundamentals
Direction of Communication 380 ?Formal vs. Informal Networks
?Nonverbal Communications 384 ?Choice of Communication
Channel 386 ?Barriers to Effective Communication
From Concepts to Skills: Effective Listening
In Practice: Effective Employee Communications in Leading Companies
Undergoing Dramatic Changes
The CEO Must Be Committed to the Importance of
Communication 390 ?Managers Match Actions and Words 391 ? Commitment to Two-Way Communication 391 ?Emphasis on Face-
to-Face Communication 391 ?Shared Responsibility for Employee
Communications 392 ?Dealing with Bad News 392 ?The Message Is
Shaped for Its Intended Audience 392 ?Treat Communication as an
Ongoing Process
OB in the News: Open-Book Management
Current Issues in Communication
Communication Barriers Between Women and Men 394 ?"Politically
Correct" Communication 395 ?Cross-Cultural Communication 396 ? Electronic Communications
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case ror MUtual Understanding: The Johari Window
Counterpoint: The Case for Ambiguous Communication
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: Listening Self-Inventory
Working with Others Exercise: An Absence of Nonverbal Communication
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is It Wrong to Tell a Lie?
Case Incident: Affinity Groups on Apple's Electronic Message System
Video Case: Politically Correct Speech
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 11 Leadership 410
What Is Leadership?
Transition in Leadership Theories
Trait Theories
Behavioral Theories
Ohio State Studies 415 ?University of Michigan Studies 417 ? The Managerial Grid 417 ?Scandinavian Studies 417 ?Summary
of Behavioral Theories
Contingency Theories
OB in the News: Jack Croushore: From Tough Guy to
Cream Puff
Fiedler Model 421 ?Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory 424 ? Leader-Member Exchange Theory 426 ?Path-Goal Theory 426 ? Leader-Participation Model 429 ?Sometimes Leadership Is
Irrelevant!
Looking for Common Ground: What Does It All Mean?
The Most Recent Approaches To Leadership
Attribution Theory of Leadership 435 ?Charismatic Leadership
Theory 436 ?Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership
OB in the News: Southwest Airlines' Charismatic Leader
Contemporary Issues in Leadership
Gender: Do Males and Females Lead Differently?
From Concepts to Skills: Coaching
Leading Through Empowerment 443 ?What About Followership? 443
?National Culture as an Added Contingency Variable 444 ?Is There
a Biological Basis for Leadership?
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Leaders Make a Real Difference!
Counterpoint: Leaders Don't Make a Difference!
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What's Your LPC Score?
Working with Others Exercise: Practicing to Be Charismatic
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Using Drugs to Improve Sociability and Leadership
Performance
Case Incident: The Case Against "Vision"
Video Case: Richard Branson of the Virgin Group
Suggestions for Further Reading
昇otes 455
Chapter 12 Power and Politics
A Definition of Power
Contrasting Leadership and Power
Bases of Power
Coercive Power 464 ?Reward Power 465 ?Legitimate fower 465 ? Expert Power 466 ?Referent Power
Dependency: The Key to Power
The General Dependency Postulate 467 ?What Creates
Dependency?
OB in the Nevvs: the Power of Subordinates
Identifying Where the Power Is
Power Tactics
Power in Groups: Coalitions
Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace
OB in the News: Many Companies Are Trying Hard to Stamp Out
Sexual Harassment
Politics: Power in Action
Definition 477 ?The Reality of.Politics 479 ?Factors Contributing
to Political Behavior 479 ?Impression Management
From Concepts to Skills: Politicking
Defensive Behaviors 487 ?The Ethics of Behaving Politically
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: It's a Political Jungle Out There!
Counterpoint: Corporate Politics: What You See Is What You Get!
LeammgAbout Yourself Exercise: How Political Are You?
Working with Others Exercise: Understanding Power Dynamics
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Ethics in the Use of Power
Case Incident: Damned If You Do; Damned If You Don't
Video Case: Sexual Harassment in the FBI
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 13 Conflict, Negotiation, and Intergroup
Behavior
A Definition of Conflict
Transitions in Conflict Thought
The Traditional View 505 ?The Human Relations View 506 ? The Interactionist View
Functional vs. Dysfunctional Conflict
The Conflict Process
Stage 1: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility 507 ? Stage 11: Cognition and Personalization 510 ?Stage III: Intentions
?Stage IV: Behavior 512 ?Stage V: Outcomes
OB in the News: Spectrum Associates Purposely Builds Conflict
into Its Structure
Negotiation
Bargaining Strategies 518 ?The Negotiation Process520 ?Issues
in Negotiation
From Concepts to Skills: Negotiating
OB in the News: Ombudsmen Proliferate in the Workplace
Intergroup Relations
Factors Affecting Intergroup Relations 527 ?Methods for Managing
Intergroup Relations 530 ?Summary
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
ForDiscussion
Point: Conflict is Good for an Organization
Counterpoint: All Conflicts Are Dysfunctional!
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: What Is Your Pnmary Conflict-Handling
Intention?
Working with Others Exercise: A Negotiation Role Play
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is Stimulating Conflict Unethical?
Case Incident: Tip Says "No Way"
VideoCase: Conflict in the New York City Schools
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progressive Case: Part Three, The Group, Rob Panco: Managing Groups and
Teams
PART FOUR ?THE ORGANIZATION SYSTEN
Chapter 14 Foundations of Organization Structure
What Is Organizational Structure?
Work Specialization 551 ?Departmentalization
OB in the News: Organizing Around Work Processes
Chain of Command 555 ?Span of Control 556 ?Centralization and
Decentralization
From Concepts to Skills: Delegating Authority
Formalization
Common Organizational Designs
The Simple Structure 559 ?The Bureaucracy 560 ?The Matrix
Stmcture
New Design Options
The Team Structure 564 ?The Virtual Organization 564 ? The Boundaryless Organization 565 ?The Feminine
Organization
Why Do Stmctures Differ?
Strategy 569 ?Organization Size 570 ?Technology 571 ? Environment 571 ?Summary
Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Small Is Beautiful
Counterpoint: "Small Is Beautiful" Is a Myth!
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: Bureaucratic Orientation Test
Working with Others Exercise: Authority Figures
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Employee Monitoring: How Far Is Too Far?
Case Incident: Organizing the Clinton Administration
Video Case: Big Brother Is Watching You!
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes 586
Chapter 15 Technology, Work Design, and Stress
Technology in the Workplace
Quality and Continuous Improvement Processes 591 ?Reengineering
Work Processes 592 ?Flexible Manufacturing Systems 595 ?Worker
Obsolescence
Work Design
Task Characteristics Theories
OB in the News: IncreasingJob Autonomy
Work Redesign 602 ?Alternative Work Schedule Options 605 ? Family-Friendly Organizations 609 ?Changing the Way We Look at
Jobs: A Provocative Perspective
Work Stress
What is Stress?
OB in the News: The Stress of Being a Manager in the 1990s
Understanding Stress and Its Consequences 613 ?Potential Sources of
Stress 613 ?Individual Differences 616 ?Consequences of Stress 617 ? Managing Stress
Summary and Implications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: Employee Stress Isn't a Management Problem!
Counterpoint: Stress Creates Real Costs to Organizations
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: What's Your Stress Personality?
Working with Others Exercise: Analyzing and Redesigning Jobs
Ethkal Dilemma Exercise: What's the Right Balance Between Work and
Family?
Case Incident: Reengineering the College Experience
Video Case: Stress and Long Work Hours in Japan
Suggestions For Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 16 Human Resource Policies artd Practices
Selection Practices 636
Job Analysis 636 ?Selection Devices
From Concepts to Skills: Selection Interviewing
Training and Development Programs
Skill Categories
OB in the News: Diversity Training Grows at Small Firms
Training Methods 643 ?Career Development
Performance Evaluation
Purposes of Performance Evaluation 649 ?Performance Evaluation
and Motivation 650 ?What Do We Evaluate? 650 ?Who Should Do
the Evaluating? 651
OB in the News: At Hampton Pension Services, Everybody Evaluates
Everybody! 653
Methods of Performance Evaluation 653 ?Potential Problems 655 ? Overcoming the Problems 657 ?Providing Performance Feedback
?What About Team Performance Evaluations?
Reward Systems
The Union-Management Interface
International Human Resource Practices: Selected Issues
Selection 664 ?Performance Evaluation
Swnmary and Implications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: Capitalism, Control, and the Deskilling of Labor
Counterpoint: The Myth of Deskilling in Capitalistic Societies
Leaming about Yourself Exercise: Career Assessment Test
Working with Others Exercise: Evaluating Performance and Providing
Feedback
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Ethics Training: Smoke or Substance?
Case Incident: CRST's Struggle to Hire and Retain Tmck Drivers
Video Case: Will-Burt Is Educating Its Workers
Suggestions For Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 17 Organizational Culture
Institutionalization: A Forerunner of Culture
What Is Organizational Culture?
A Definition 681 ?Cultural Typologies
OB in the News: Creating a Risk-Taking Culture
Culture Is a Descriptive Term 684 ?Do Organizations Have Uniform
Cultures? 684 ?Strong vs. Weak Cultures 685 ?Culture vs.
Formalization 686 ?Organizational Culture vs. National Culture 686
What Do Cultures Do?
Culture's Functions 687 ?Culture as a Liability
Creating and Sustaining Culture
How a Culture Begins
OB in the News: ChungJu Yung and the Company He Created-
Hyundai
Keeping a Culture Alive 690 ?Summary: How Cultures Form
How Employees Learn Culture
Stories 696 ?Rituals 696 ?Material Symbols 697 ?Language
Organizational Culture in Action
The Walt Disney Co. 699 ?MCI Communications 700 ? Time Warner
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case Against Culture
Counterpoint: How to Change an Organization's Culture
L earning about Yourself Exercise: What Kind of Organizational Culture
Fits You Best
Working with Others Exercise: Rate Your Classroom Culture
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Cultural Factors and Unethical Behavior
Case Incident: The Levi Strauss Culture
Video Case: Microsoft's Workaholic Culture
Suggestions for Further Readings
Notes
Progressive Case: Part Four, The Organization System, Rob Panco: Working
Within the Organization System
PART FIVE ?ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS
Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Development
Forces for Change
Managing Planned Change
What Can Change Agents Change?
Changing Structure 720 ?Changing Technology
OR in the News: Implementing Major Changes at Cieon, Inc.
Changing the Physical Setting 723 ?Changing People
Resistance to Change
Individual Resistance 724 ?Organizational Resistance 725 ? Overcoming Resistance to Change 726 ?The Politics of Change
From Concepts to Skills: Assessing the Climate for Change
Approaches to Managing Organizational Change
Lewin's Three-Step Model 729 ?Action Research
Key Change Issues for Management in the 1990s
Innovation
OB in the News: Rubbermaid Knows How to Innovate
Creating a Learning Organization
Organizational Development
OD Values 736 ?OD Interventions
A Final Thought on Managing Change: It's Culture-Bound!
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
Part One ?Introduction
Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
Chapter 2 Responding to Global and Cultural Diversity
Part Two ?The Individual
Chapter 3 Foundations of Individual Behavior
Chapter 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making
Chapter 5 Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Chapter 6 Basic Motivation Concepts
Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
Part Three The Group
Chapter 8 Foundations of Group Behavior
Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams
Chapter 10 Communication
Chapter 11 Leadership
Chapter 12 Power and Politics
Chapter 13 Conflict, Negotiation, and Intergroup Behavior
Part Four ?The Organization System
Chapter 14 Foundations of Organization Structure
Chapter 15 Technology, Work Design, and Stress
Chapter 16 Human Resource Policies and Practices
Chapter 17 Organizational Culture
Part Five?Organizational Dynamics
Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Development
Appendix A The Historical Evolution of Organizational
Behavior
Appendix B Research in Organizational Behavior
Appendix C Scoring Keys for "Learning About Yourself"
Exercises
Glossary G-l
PART ONE ?INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
What Managers Do
Management Functions 5 ?Management Roles 7 ?Management
Skills 8 ?Effective vs. Successful Managerial Activities 8 ?A Review of
the Manager's Job 9
Enter Organizational Behavior
Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study
Generalizations About Behavior 10 ?Consistency vs. Individual
Differences 11
Challenges and Opportunities for OB 13
Improving Quality and Productivity 13 ?Improving People Skills 14 ? Managing Work Force Diversity 14
OB in the News: Work-Force Study Finds Divisions of Race and
Gender Are Deep 16
Responding to Globalization 16 ?Empowering People 17 ? Stimulating Innovation and Change 17 ?Coping with
"Temporariness" 18 ?Declining Employee Loyalty 18
OB in the News: The Flexible Work Force 19
Improving Ethical Behavior 20
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field 21
Psychology 21 ?Sociology 22 ?Social Psychology 23 ? Anthropology 23 ?Political Science 24
There Are Few Absolutes in OB 24
Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model
An Overview 25 ?The Dependent Variables 25 ?The Independent
Variables 28 ?Toward a Contingency OB Model 30
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case for a Structural Explanation of Organizational Behavior
Coimterpoint: The Case for a PsyGhological Explanation of Organizational
Behavior
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: How Does Your Ethical Behavior Rate?
Working with Others Exercise: Work Force Diversity Exercise
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Can a Business Firm Be Too Ethical?
Case Incident: Rosenbluth International Travel, Inc.
Video Case: The Workplace of the 1990s
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 2 Responding to Global and Cultural Diversity
Pervasiveness of Diversity
International Diversity 44 ?Intranational Diversity
Welcome to the Global Village
Multinational Corporations 46 ?Regional Cooperative
Arrangements
Facing the Intemational Challenge
American Biases
OB in the News: Under Japanese Bosses, Americans Find Work Both
Better and Worse
The Foreign Born in America
The Relevant Question: Are National Cultures Becoming More
Homogeneous?
Assessing Differences Between Countries
The Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework 52 ?The Hofstede
Framework
The Reality of Culture Shock
OB in the News: Aren't Canadians Just Like Their Neighbors
to the South?
Inside the Organization: The Challenge of Work Force Diversity
The Changing Workplace 61 ?Origins of the Diversity Movement
?From "Everyone's the Same" to "Acknowledging Differences" to
"Valuing Differences"
OB in the News: Hewlett-Packard Discovers Diversity Is Good
for Business
Managing Diversity in Organizations
Flexible Work Arrangements 64 ?Child- and Elder-Care Benefits 65 ? Diversity Training
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
for Discussion
Pomt: Cross-Cultural Training Doesn't Work
Counterpoint: Cross-Cultural Training Is Effective
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What's Your International IQ?
Working with Others Exercise: Learning About Differences Through Analyzing
Prejudice
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: The Diversity Movement: What About Its Adverse
Impact on White Males?
Case Incident: Xerox of Mexicu
Video Case: Are Women Really Treated Different from Men?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progessive Case: Part One, Introduction, Rob Panco: The Evolution of a
Manager
PART TWO ?THE INDIVIDUAL
Chapter 3 Foundations of Individual Behavior
Biographical Characteristics
Age 83 ?Gender 84 ?Marital Status 85 ?Number of Dependents 85 ? Tenure
Ability
Intellectual Abilities 86 ?Physical Abilities 87 ?The Ability-Job Fit
Personality
What Is Personality?
From Concepts to Skills: Self-Awareness: Do You Know Yourself?
Personality Determinants 90 ?Personality Traits 92 ? Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB 94 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Assess Your Locus of Control 95 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: How Machiavellian Are You? 96 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: How's Your Self-Esteem? 97 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a High Self-Monitor? 99 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a Risk Taker? 100 ?Increase Your
Self-Awareness: Are You a Type A? 102 ?Personality and
National Culture 103 ?Matching Personalities andJobs
Learning 105
A Definition of Learning 105 ?Theories of Learning
OB in the News: Apprenticeship Programs at Siemens
Shaping: A Managerial Tool 110 ?Some Specific Organizational
Applications
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Value of Traits in Explaining Attitudes and Behavior
Counterpoint: The Limited Power of Traits in Organizations
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: How Important is Success to You?
Working with Others Exercise: Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Reinforcement and Unethical Behavior
Case Incident: Predicting Performance
Video Case: Why Do Some People Have a "Winning" Personality?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making
What Is Perception and Why Is It Important?
Factors Influencing Perception
The Perceiver 132 ?The Target 134 ?The Situation
Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others
Attribution Theory 135 ?Frequently Used Shortcuts inJudging
Others
OB in the news: Managers Explain What Has Helped and Hindered
Their Advancement
Specific Applications in Organizations
The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making
The Optimizing Decision-Making Model
Steps in the Optimizing Model 144 ?Assumptions of the Optimizing
Model 147 ?Predictions from the Optimizing Model
From Concepts to Skills: Creative Problem Solving
Alternative Decision-Making Models
The Satisficing Model 150 ?The Implicit Favorite Model 152 ? The Intuitive Model
OB in the News: Too Many Facts Spoil the Decision
Current Issues in Decision Making
Improving Ethical Decision Making 156 ?Decision Making in
Different Cultures 158 ?Escalation of Commitment or "Throwing
Good Money After Bad"
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: When Hiring Employees: Emphasize the Positive
Counterpoint: When Hiring Employees: Balance the Positive with
the Negative
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: Decision-Making Style Questionnaire
Working with Others Exercise: Evaluating Your Interpersonal Perception
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Five Ethical Decisions: What Would You Do?
Case Incident: "1 Don't Make Decisions"
Video Case: What Do Those Wall Street People Do?
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 5 Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Values 174
Importance of Values 174 ?Sources of Our Value Systems 175 ? Types of Values 176 ?Values, Loyalty, and Ethical Behavior 179
Attitudes
Sources of Attitudes 180 ?Types of Attitudes 181 ?Attitudes and
Consistency
OB in the News: How Do Tobacco Executives Live with
Themselves?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory 184 ?Measuring the A-B
Relationship 186 ?An Application: Attitude Surveys
From Concepts to Skills: Changing Attitudes
Attitudes and Work Force Diversity
Job Satisfaction
MeasuringJob Satisfaction 190 ?The Status ofJob Satisfaction in the
Workplace Today 191 ?What Determines Job Satisfaction? 192 ? The Effect ofJob Satisfaction on Employee Performance 193 ? How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Importance of High Job Satisfaction
Counterpoint: Job Satisfaction Has Been Overemphasized
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What Do You Value?
Working with Others Exercise: Assessing Work Attitudes
Ethkal Dilemma Exercise: Dissatisfaction and Whistle-blowing
Case Incident: Binney & Smith
Video Case: Between Two Worlds
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 6 Basic Motivation Concepts
What Is Motivation?
Early Theories of Motivation
Hierarchy of Needs Theory 213 ?Theory X and Theory Y 214 ? Motivation-Hygiene Theory
OB in the News: Thanks for the Recognition, but Where's
the Money?
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
ERG Theory 218 ?McClelland's Theory of Needs 219 ?Cognitive
Evaluation Theory 222 ?Goal-Setting Theory 224 ?Reinforcement
Theory 225 ?Equity Theory 226 ?Expectancy Theory 230
OB in the News: How Do You Motivate American Workers
to Improve Quality?
Don't Forget Ability and Opportunity
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Caveat Emptor: Motivation Theories Are Culture Bound
Summary and Implications for Managers
Summary
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Money Motivates!
Counterpoint: Money Doesn't Motivate Most Employees Today!
Learning About Yourself Exercise: What Motivates You?
Working with Others Exercise: What Do People Want from Their Jobs?
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is "Motivation" Merely "Manipulation"
in Fine Dress Clothes?
Case Incident: Responding to a Labor Shortage: Nissan vs. USA Truck
Video Case: Perks That Come with Being a State Governor
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications
Management by Objectives
What is MBO? 252 ?Linking MBO and Goal-Setting Theory 257 ? MBO in Practice 254
OB in the News: Many Managers Still Complain About a Lack of
Clear Job Goals
Behavior Modification
What is OB Mod? 256 ?Linking OB Mod and Reinforcement
Theory
OB Mod in Practice
Employee Involvement Programs
What is Employee Involvement? 259 ?Examples of Employee
Involvement Programs
UB in the News: "I'm not only a reservation agent,
I'm an owner!"
Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation
Theories 263 ?Employee Involvement Programs in Practice
Variable-Pay Programs
What Are Variable-Pay Programs? 265 ?Linking Variable-Pay
Programs and Expectancy Theory 267 ?Variable-Pay Programs
in Practice
OB in the News: Gainsharing Works at Whirlpool
Skill-Based Pay Plans
What Are Skill-Based Pay Plans? 269 ?Linking Skill-Based Pay Plans
to Motivation Theories 270 ?Skill-Based Pay in Practice
Flexible Benefits
What Are riexidle Benefits? 272 ?Lihking Flexible Benefits and
Expectancy Theory 272 ?Flexible Benefits in Practice
Comparable Worth
What Is Comparable Worth? 273 ?Comparable Worth and Equity
Theory 274 ?Comparable Worth in Practice
Special Issues in Motivation
Motivating Professionals 275 ?Motivating Temporary Workers 276 ? Motivating the Diversified Work Force
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case for Pay Secrecy
Counterpoint: Let's Make Pay Information Open to All!
Learning About Yourself Exercise: How Equity Sensitive Are You?
Working with Others Exercise: Goal-Setting Task
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Are American CEOs Paid Too Much?
Case Incident: "What Am 1 Going to Do About Stella McCarthy?"
Video-Case: Executive Compensation as a Motivator
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progessive Case: Part Two, The Individual, Rob Panco:
Managing Individuals
PART THREE ?THE GROUP
Chapter 8 Foundations of Group Behavior
Defining and Classifying Groups
Stages of Group Development
The Five-Stage Model 295 ?The Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
Sodometry: Analyzing Group Interaction
Toward Explaining Work Group Behavior
External Conditions Imposed on the Group
Organization Strategy 301 ?Authority Structures 301 ?Formal
Regulations 302 ?Organizational Resources 302 ?Personnel Selection
Process 302 ?Performance Evaluation and Reward System 302 ? Organizational Culture 302 ?Physical Work Setting
Group Member Resources
Abilities 303 ?Personality Characteristics
Group Structure
Formal Leadership 304 ?Roles 304 ?Nonns 308 ?Status 310 ? Size 313 ?Composition 315
OB in the News: Work Force Diversity and Cliques
Group Processes
Group Tasks
Group Decision Making
Groups vs. the Individual 319 ?Groupthink and Groupshift 321 ? Group Decision-Making Techniques
From Concepts to Skills: Conducting a Group Meeting
Should Management Seek Cohesive Work Groups?
Determinants of Cohesiveness 328 ?Effects of Cohesiveness on Group
Productivity
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Designing Jobs Around Groups
Counterpoint: Jobs Should Be Designed Arouna individuals
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: Are You Attracted to the Group?
Working with Others Exercise: The Paper Tower Exercise 336
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Should.You Agree with Your Boss When You Don't?
Case Incident: Games People Play in the Shipping Department
Video Case: The Prima Donna
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams
Why Have Teams Become So Popular?
OB in the News: Building Teamwork in the Clinton
Administration
Teams vs. Groups: What's the Ditterence?
Types of Teams
Problem-Solving Teams 348 ?Self-Managed Work Teams 349 ? Cross-Functional Teams
OB in the News: Just Because You're Big, You Don't Have
to Be Slow
Linking Teams and Group Concepts: Toward Creating High-Performance
Teams
Size ot work Teams 352 ?Abilities of Members 352 ?Allocating Roles
and Promoting Diversity 353 ?Having a Commitment to a Common
Purpose 354 ?Establishing Specific Goals 355 ?Leadership and
Structure 356 ?Social Loafing and Accountability 356 ?Appropriate
Performance Evaluation and Reward Systems 356 ?Developing High
Mutual Trust
Turning Individuals into Team Players
The Challenge 358 ?Shaping Team Players
Contemporary Issues in Managing Teams
Teams and Labor Law 360 ?Teams and Total Quality
Management
OB in the News: A Look at One of America's Best Performing
Manufacturing Plants
Teams and Work Force Diversity 363 ?Reinvigorating Mature
Teams 364
Summary and Jmplications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: The Value of Teams
Counterpoint: The Tyranny of a Team Ideology
LeamingAbout Yowself Exercise: Do Others See Me as Trustworthy?
Working with Others Exercise: Team Experience Exercise
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Do 1 Have To Be a Team Player?
Case Incident: XEL Communications
Video Case: Assembly Line Team at Square D
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 10 Communication
Functions of Communication
The Communication Process
A Communication Model 378 ?Sources of Distortion 380 ? Communication Apprehension
Communication Pundamentals
Direction of Communication 380 ?Formal vs. Informal Networks
?Nonverbal Communications 384 ?Choice of Communication
Channel 386 ?Barriers to Effective Communication
From Concepts to Skills: Effective Listening
In Practice: Effective Employee Communications in Leading Companies
Undergoing Dramatic Changes
The CEO Must Be Committed to the Importance of
Communication 390 ?Managers Match Actions and Words 391 ? Commitment to Two-Way Communication 391 ?Emphasis on Face-
to-Face Communication 391 ?Shared Responsibility for Employee
Communications 392 ?Dealing with Bad News 392 ?The Message Is
Shaped for Its Intended Audience 392 ?Treat Communication as an
Ongoing Process
OB in the News: Open-Book Management
Current Issues in Communication
Communication Barriers Between Women and Men 394 ?"Politically
Correct" Communication 395 ?Cross-Cultural Communication 396 ? Electronic Communications
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case ror MUtual Understanding: The Johari Window
Counterpoint: The Case for Ambiguous Communication
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: Listening Self-Inventory
Working with Others Exercise: An Absence of Nonverbal Communication
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is It Wrong to Tell a Lie?
Case Incident: Affinity Groups on Apple's Electronic Message System
Video Case: Politically Correct Speech
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 11 Leadership 410
What Is Leadership?
Transition in Leadership Theories
Trait Theories
Behavioral Theories
Ohio State Studies 415 ?University of Michigan Studies 417 ? The Managerial Grid 417 ?Scandinavian Studies 417 ?Summary
of Behavioral Theories
Contingency Theories
OB in the News: Jack Croushore: From Tough Guy to
Cream Puff
Fiedler Model 421 ?Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory 424 ? Leader-Member Exchange Theory 426 ?Path-Goal Theory 426 ? Leader-Participation Model 429 ?Sometimes Leadership Is
Irrelevant!
Looking for Common Ground: What Does It All Mean?
The Most Recent Approaches To Leadership
Attribution Theory of Leadership 435 ?Charismatic Leadership
Theory 436 ?Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership
OB in the News: Southwest Airlines' Charismatic Leader
Contemporary Issues in Leadership
Gender: Do Males and Females Lead Differently?
From Concepts to Skills: Coaching
Leading Through Empowerment 443 ?What About Followership? 443
?National Culture as an Added Contingency Variable 444 ?Is There
a Biological Basis for Leadership?
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Leaders Make a Real Difference!
Counterpoint: Leaders Don't Make a Difference!
Leaming About Yourself Exercise: What's Your LPC Score?
Working with Others Exercise: Practicing to Be Charismatic
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Using Drugs to Improve Sociability and Leadership
Performance
Case Incident: The Case Against "Vision"
Video Case: Richard Branson of the Virgin Group
Suggestions for Further Reading
昇otes 455
Chapter 12 Power and Politics
A Definition of Power
Contrasting Leadership and Power
Bases of Power
Coercive Power 464 ?Reward Power 465 ?Legitimate fower 465 ? Expert Power 466 ?Referent Power
Dependency: The Key to Power
The General Dependency Postulate 467 ?What Creates
Dependency?
OB in the Nevvs: the Power of Subordinates
Identifying Where the Power Is
Power Tactics
Power in Groups: Coalitions
Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace
OB in the News: Many Companies Are Trying Hard to Stamp Out
Sexual Harassment
Politics: Power in Action
Definition 477 ?The Reality of.Politics 479 ?Factors Contributing
to Political Behavior 479 ?Impression Management
From Concepts to Skills: Politicking
Defensive Behaviors 487 ?The Ethics of Behaving Politically
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: It's a Political Jungle Out There!
Counterpoint: Corporate Politics: What You See Is What You Get!
LeammgAbout Yourself Exercise: How Political Are You?
Working with Others Exercise: Understanding Power Dynamics
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Ethics in the Use of Power
Case Incident: Damned If You Do; Damned If You Don't
Video Case: Sexual Harassment in the FBI
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 13 Conflict, Negotiation, and Intergroup
Behavior
A Definition of Conflict
Transitions in Conflict Thought
The Traditional View 505 ?The Human Relations View 506 ? The Interactionist View
Functional vs. Dysfunctional Conflict
The Conflict Process
Stage 1: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility 507 ? Stage 11: Cognition and Personalization 510 ?Stage III: Intentions
?Stage IV: Behavior 512 ?Stage V: Outcomes
OB in the News: Spectrum Associates Purposely Builds Conflict
into Its Structure
Negotiation
Bargaining Strategies 518 ?The Negotiation Process520 ?Issues
in Negotiation
From Concepts to Skills: Negotiating
OB in the News: Ombudsmen Proliferate in the Workplace
Intergroup Relations
Factors Affecting Intergroup Relations 527 ?Methods for Managing
Intergroup Relations 530 ?Summary
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
ForDiscussion
Point: Conflict is Good for an Organization
Counterpoint: All Conflicts Are Dysfunctional!
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: What Is Your Pnmary Conflict-Handling
Intention?
Working with Others Exercise: A Negotiation Role Play
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Is Stimulating Conflict Unethical?
Case Incident: Tip Says "No Way"
VideoCase: Conflict in the New York City Schools
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes
Progressive Case: Part Three, The Group, Rob Panco: Managing Groups and
Teams
PART FOUR ?THE ORGANIZATION SYSTEN
Chapter 14 Foundations of Organization Structure
What Is Organizational Structure?
Work Specialization 551 ?Departmentalization
OB in the News: Organizing Around Work Processes
Chain of Command 555 ?Span of Control 556 ?Centralization and
Decentralization
From Concepts to Skills: Delegating Authority
Formalization
Common Organizational Designs
The Simple Structure 559 ?The Bureaucracy 560 ?The Matrix
Stmcture
New Design Options
The Team Structure 564 ?The Virtual Organization 564 ? The Boundaryless Organization 565 ?The Feminine
Organization
Why Do Stmctures Differ?
Strategy 569 ?Organization Size 570 ?Technology 571 ? Environment 571 ?Summary
Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: Small Is Beautiful
Counterpoint: "Small Is Beautiful" Is a Myth!
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: Bureaucratic Orientation Test
Working with Others Exercise: Authority Figures
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Employee Monitoring: How Far Is Too Far?
Case Incident: Organizing the Clinton Administration
Video Case: Big Brother Is Watching You!
Suggestions for Further Reading
Notes 586
Chapter 15 Technology, Work Design, and Stress
Technology in the Workplace
Quality and Continuous Improvement Processes 591 ?Reengineering
Work Processes 592 ?Flexible Manufacturing Systems 595 ?Worker
Obsolescence
Work Design
Task Characteristics Theories
OB in the News: IncreasingJob Autonomy
Work Redesign 602 ?Alternative Work Schedule Options 605 ? Family-Friendly Organizations 609 ?Changing the Way We Look at
Jobs: A Provocative Perspective
Work Stress
What is Stress?
OB in the News: The Stress of Being a Manager in the 1990s
Understanding Stress and Its Consequences 613 ?Potential Sources of
Stress 613 ?Individual Differences 616 ?Consequences of Stress 617 ? Managing Stress
Summary and Implications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: Employee Stress Isn't a Management Problem!
Counterpoint: Stress Creates Real Costs to Organizations
Leaming About Yowself Exercise: What's Your Stress Personality?
Working with Others Exercise: Analyzing and Redesigning Jobs
Ethkal Dilemma Exercise: What's the Right Balance Between Work and
Family?
Case Incident: Reengineering the College Experience
Video Case: Stress and Long Work Hours in Japan
Suggestions For Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 16 Human Resource Policies artd Practices
Selection Practices 636
Job Analysis 636 ?Selection Devices
From Concepts to Skills: Selection Interviewing
Training and Development Programs
Skill Categories
OB in the News: Diversity Training Grows at Small Firms
Training Methods 643 ?Career Development
Performance Evaluation
Purposes of Performance Evaluation 649 ?Performance Evaluation
and Motivation 650 ?What Do We Evaluate? 650 ?Who Should Do
the Evaluating? 651
OB in the News: At Hampton Pension Services, Everybody Evaluates
Everybody! 653
Methods of Performance Evaluation 653 ?Potential Problems 655 ? Overcoming the Problems 657 ?Providing Performance Feedback
?What About Team Performance Evaluations?
Reward Systems
The Union-Management Interface
International Human Resource Practices: Selected Issues
Selection 664 ?Performance Evaluation
Swnmary and Implications for Managers
ForReview
For Discussion
Point: Capitalism, Control, and the Deskilling of Labor
Counterpoint: The Myth of Deskilling in Capitalistic Societies
Leaming about Yourself Exercise: Career Assessment Test
Working with Others Exercise: Evaluating Performance and Providing
Feedback
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Ethics Training: Smoke or Substance?
Case Incident: CRST's Struggle to Hire and Retain Tmck Drivers
Video Case: Will-Burt Is Educating Its Workers
Suggestions For Further Reading
Notes
Chapter 17 Organizational Culture
Institutionalization: A Forerunner of Culture
What Is Organizational Culture?
A Definition 681 ?Cultural Typologies
OB in the News: Creating a Risk-Taking Culture
Culture Is a Descriptive Term 684 ?Do Organizations Have Uniform
Cultures? 684 ?Strong vs. Weak Cultures 685 ?Culture vs.
Formalization 686 ?Organizational Culture vs. National Culture 686
What Do Cultures Do?
Culture's Functions 687 ?Culture as a Liability
Creating and Sustaining Culture
How a Culture Begins
OB in the News: ChungJu Yung and the Company He Created-
Hyundai
Keeping a Culture Alive 690 ?Summary: How Cultures Form
How Employees Learn Culture
Stories 696 ?Rituals 696 ?Material Symbols 697 ?Language
Organizational Culture in Action
The Walt Disney Co. 699 ?MCI Communications 700 ? Time Warner
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
For Discussion
Point: The Case Against Culture
Counterpoint: How to Change an Organization's Culture
L earning about Yourself Exercise: What Kind of Organizational Culture
Fits You Best
Working with Others Exercise: Rate Your Classroom Culture
Ethical Dilemma Exercise: Cultural Factors and Unethical Behavior
Case Incident: The Levi Strauss Culture
Video Case: Microsoft's Workaholic Culture
Suggestions for Further Readings
Notes
Progressive Case: Part Four, The Organization System, Rob Panco: Working
Within the Organization System
PART FIVE ?ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS
Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Development
Forces for Change
Managing Planned Change
What Can Change Agents Change?
Changing Structure 720 ?Changing Technology
OR in the News: Implementing Major Changes at Cieon, Inc.
Changing the Physical Setting 723 ?Changing People
Resistance to Change
Individual Resistance 724 ?Organizational Resistance 725 ? Overcoming Resistance to Change 726 ?The Politics of Change
From Concepts to Skills: Assessing the Climate for Change
Approaches to Managing Organizational Change
Lewin's Three-Step Model 729 ?Action Research
Key Change Issues for Management in the 1990s
Innovation
OB in the News: Rubbermaid Knows How to Innovate
Creating a Learning Organization
Organizational Development
OD Values 736 ?OD Interventions
A Final Thought on Managing Change: It's Culture-Bound!
Summary and Implications for Managers
For Review
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