研究生/本科/专科教材
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分析化学例题与习题武汉大学化学系分析化学教研室编本书是《高等化学例题与习题丛书》的一种,是为配合使用武汉大学主编《分析化学》、《仪器分析》两本教材而编写的教学辅助用书。全书分为24章,每章包括例题和习题两部分,所选例题均有代表性和一定的难度;所选习题包括填空题、选择题、计算题、问答题四种类型,难题还有相应的提示,书后附有习题答案。本书可作为综合大学、师范院校化学专业及相关专业的辅助教材或教学参考书。 -
建筑力学重庆建筑大学编本套《建筑力学》共分三册,本书为第一分册理论力学。本书第三版是依据1995年原国家教委颁布的“理论力学课程教学基本要求(中、少学时)”和当前教学改革的要求等进行修订的。本书对传统体系和内容作了一些调整,精练理论篇幅,加强结合专业和工程应用内容,提高起点,力求减少相关内容的重叠。本书采用了国家标准GB 3l00一3102—93《量和单位》中规定的有关符号。本套书适用于土建类建筑学、给水排水、采暖通风、建筑材料等专业。 -
量子电动力学Berestetskii片断:INTRODUCTION?1.TheuncertaintyprincipleintherelativisticcaseTHEquantumtheorydescribedinVolume3(QuantumMechanics)isessentiallynon-relativisticthroughout,andisnotapplicabletophenomenainvolvingmotionatvelocitiescomparablewiththatoflight.Atfirstsight,onemightexpectthatthechangetoarelativistictheoryispossiblebyafairlydirectgeneralizationoftheformalismofnon-relativisticquantummechanics.Butfurtherconsiderationshowsthatalogicallycompleterelativistictheorycannotbeconstructedwithoutinvokingnewphysicalprinciples.Letusrecallsomeofthephysicalconceptsformingthebasisofnon-relativisticquantummechanics(QM,?).Wesawthatonefundamentalconceptisthatofmeasurement,bywhichismeanttheprocessofinteractionbetwecnaquantumsystemandaclassicalobjectorapparatus,causingthequantumsystemtoacquiredefinitevaluesofsomeparticulardynamicalvariables(coordinates,velocities,etc.).Wesawalsothatquantummechanicsgreatlyrestrictsthepossibilitythatanelectrontsimultaneouslypossessesvaluesofdifferentdynamicalvariables.Forexample,theuncertaintiesAqandApinsimultaneouslyexistingvaluesofthecoordinateandthemomentumarerelatedbythecxpressiontqp~h;thegreatertheaccuracywithwhichoneofthesequantitiesismeasured,thelesstheaccuracywithwhichtheothercanbemeasuredatthesametime.Itisimportanttonote,however,thatanyofthedynamicalvariablesoftheelectroncanindividuallybemeasuredwitharbitrarilyhighaccuracy,andinanarbitrarilyshortperiodoftime.Thisfactisoffundamentalimportancethroughoutnon-relativisticquantummechanics.Itistheonlyjustificationforusingtheconceptofthewavefunction,whichisabasicpartofthcformalism.Thephysicalsignificanceofthewavefunction(q)isthatthesquareofitsmodulusgivestheprobabilityoffindingaparticularvalueoftheelectroncoordinateastheresultofameasurementmadeatagiveninstant.Theconceptofsuchaprobabilityclearlyrequiresthatthecoordinatecaninprinciplebemeasuredwithanyspecifiedaccuracyandrapidity,sinceotherwisethisconceptwouldbepurposelessanddevoidofphysicalsignificance.Theexistenceofalimitingvelocity(thevelocityoflight,denotedbyc)leadstonewfundamentallimitationsonthepossiblemeasurementsofvariousphysicalquantities(L.D.LandauandR.E.Peierls,1930).InQM,?4,thefollowingrelationshiphasbeenderived:relatingtheuncertaintyApinthemeasurementoftheelectronmomentumandthedurationofthemeasurementprocessitself;vandv'arethevelocitiesoftheelectronbeforeandafterthemeasurement.Fromthisrelationshipitfollowsthatamomentummeasurementofhighaccuracymadeduringashorttime(i.e.withApandAtbothsmall)canoccuronlyifthereisalargechangeinthevelocityasaresultofthemeasurementprocessitself.Inthenon-relativistictheory,thisshowedthatthemeasurementofmomentumcannotberepeatedatshortintervalsoftime,butitdidnotatalldiminishthepossibility,inprinciple,ofmakingasinglemeasurementofthemomentumwitharbitrarilyhighaccuracy,sincethedifferencev'-vcouldtakeanyvalue,nomatterhowlarge.Theexistenceofalimitingvelocity,however,radicallyaltersthesituation.Thedifferencev'-v,likethevelocitiesthemselves,cannotnowexceedc(orrather2c).Replacingv'-vin(l.1byc,weobtainwhichdeterminesthehighestaccuracytheoreticallyattainablewhenthemomen-tumismeasuredbyaprocessoccupyingagiventimet.Intherelativistictheory,therefore,itisinprincipleimpossibletomakeanarbitrarilyaccurateandrapidmeasurementofthemomentum.Anexactmeasurementispossibleonlyinthelimitasthedurationofthemeasurementtendstoinfinity.Thereisreasontosupposethattheconceptofmeasurabilityoftheelectroncoordinateitselfmustalsoundergomodification.Inthemathematicalformalismofthetheory,thissituationisshownbythefactthatanaccuratemeasurementofthecoordinateisincompatiblewiththeassertionthattheenergyofafreeparticleispositive.Itwillbeseenlaterthatthecompletesetofeigenfunctionsoftherelativisticwaveequationofafreeparticleincludes,aswellassolutionshavingthe"correct"timedependence,alsosolutionshavinga"negativefrequency".Thesefunctionswillingeneralappearinthecxpansionofthewavepacketcorrespondingtoanelectronlocalizedinasmallregionofspace.Itwillbeshownthatthewavefunctionshavinga"negativefrequency"correspondtotheexistenceofantiparticles(positrons).Theappearanceofthesefunctionsintheexpansionofthewavepacketexpressesthe(ingeneral)inevitableproductionofelectron-positronpairsintheprocessofmeasuringthecoordinatesofanelectron.Thisformationofnewparticlesinawaywhichcannotbedetectedbytheprocessitselfrendersmeaninglessthemeasurementoftheelectroncoor-dinates. -
大学物理屠庆铭主编;教育部高等教育司组编本书为教育部高等教育司组织编写的全国成人高等教育规划教材,是根据1998年教育部颁发的“全国成人高等教育大学物理课程教学基本要求”编写的。全书分为力学、热学基础、电磁学、波动学、近代物理基础等五篇。为了提高学生的科学素养,以适应21世纪高科技发展的需要,书中纳入了10篇介绍有关当代物理前沿课题的阅读材料。本书在编写中充分考虑到成人学习的特点,贯彻了“少而精”、“理论联系实际”的原则,对基本概念、基本理论的阐述清楚细致、由浅入深;对一般性的内容则作简要介绍,主要阐明物理思想和重要结论。书中的数学推导从简,着重于培养学生使用数学工具解决物理问题的能力。本书可作为全国工学类成人高等学校本专科大学物理课程的教材,也可供各类工程技术人员及普通高等学校的学生参考。 -
艺术概论高师《艺术概论》教材编写组编本书是为高师专科艺十教育专业编写的艺术理论基础教程。全书由上篇艺术总论和下篇艺术分论组成,共14章。总论各章依次讨论了艺术的起源与发展、艺术与人类社会系统、艺术的本质与特征、艺术的功用、艺术创作、艺术作品、艺术欣赏、艺术批评等艺术的基本理论问题。分论各章分别论述了美术、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、影视、文学等主要的门类艺术的历史演变、种类、特征。本书在坚持马克思主义文艺思想的基础上,关注艺术发展的现实,审慎地吸收了近年来艺术理论研究中的新观点,具有较强的时代感、本书既适甩于高师专科音乐、美术、舞蹈等艺术教育专业师生,也可作为艺术理论研究者和爱好者的参考书。 -
思想道德修养罗国杰主编;教育部社会科学研究与思想政治工作司组编暂缺简介... -
预算会计薛健主编;全国中等职业学校财经类专业教材编写组编本书是教育部规划教材。它是根据中等职业学校财经类专业的教学需要和新预算会计制度编写的。本书共分四篇:第一篇为总论,介绍预算会计的基础知识;第二篇为财政总预算会计,包括财政总预算会计的核算原理和核算方法;第三篇为行政单位会计,包括行政单位会计的核算原理和核算方法;第四篇为事业单位会计,包括事业单位会计的核算原理和核算方法。本书可作为职业高中、职业中专和普通中专教材,也可作为行政事业单位会计人员的培训教材及自学读物。 -
泛函分析(日)Kosaku Yosida著he present book is based on lectures given by the author at the University of Tokyo during the past ten years. It is intended as a textbook to be studied by students on their own or to be used in a course on Functional Analysis, i.e., the general theory of linear operators infunction spaces together with salient features of its application to diverse fields of modem and classical analysis. Necessary prerequisites for the reading of this book are summarized,with or without proof, in Chapter 0 under titles: Set Theory, Topological Spaces, Measure Spaces and Linear Spaces. Then, starting with the chapter on Semi-norms, a general theory of Banach and Hilbert spaces is presented in connection with the theory of generalized functions of S. L. SOBOLEV and L. SCHWARTZ. While the book is primarily addressed to graduate students, it is hoped it might prove useful to research mathematicians, both pure and applied. The reader may pass, e.g., fromChapter IX (Analytical Theory. of Semi-groups) directly to Chapter XIII (Ergodic Theory and Diffusion Theory) and to Chapter XIV (Integration of the Equation of Evolution). Such materials as "Weak Topologies and Duality in Locally Convex Spaces" and "Nuclear Spaces" are presented in the form of the appendices to Chapter V and Chapter X,respectively. These might be skipped for the first reading by those who are interested rather in the application of linear operators. -
物理习题册技工学校统编教材习题册编审组本习题册根据劳动和社会保障部培训就业司颁发的《物理教学大纲》(1999)和全国技工学校通用教材《物理》(第三版)的章节顺序编写。习题类型分为填空、判断、选择、简答、计算等,其中标注“*”号的为选做题。每题均留有适当空位,供学生书写答案。 -
物理和化学常数表G.W.C.Kaye:内容简介:本书是一本具有84年历史的权威性工具书,收录了普通物理、原子核物理、化学以及一些工程学方面的最新数据。
