梨优质丰产栽培实用技术

　　《梨优质丰产栽培实用技术》对梨生产现状与发展趋势、梨优良品种的特性与品种选择、梨育苗技术、梨园建园技术、整形修剪技术、土肥水管理技术、花果管理、病虫害防治技术等内容进行了详细的介绍，以便使梨的种植及管理人员、相关技术服务人员能够全面、详尽地掌握梨优质丰产的现代栽培技术。本书结合笔者多年生产一线的实践经验，根据梨栽培管理中的实际需求，力求介绍生产中最实用的先进技术，介绍生产新动向，以服务于现代农业大背景下的梨产业的发展需求，使内容贴近实际，解决果农在生产中遇到的实际问题。

　　许桓瑜，博士，副研究员。主要从事植物生物学研究和农业科研管理工作。主持海南省重点研发项目、中国工程院研究咨询项目、中央高校基本科研业务费项目等，参与主持农业部“948”项目，以第一及通讯作者发表论文 30 余篇。

Contents 
Chapter 1 General ……………………………………………………………… 1 
Section 1 Economic Significance of Pear Cultivation ………………………… 1 
Section 2 History and Current Situation of Pear Cultivation ………………… 1 
Section 3 Problems and Developing Trends in Pear Production ……………… 2 
Chapter 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 5 
Section 1 Classification of Pears Cultivated in China ………………………… 5 
Section 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 6 
Section 3 Cultivar Selection ………………………………………………… 25 
Chapter 3 Growth and Fruiting Habits …………………………………… 27 
Section 1 Characteristics of Roots ………………………………………… 27 
Section 2 Characteristics of Buds, Branches, and Leaves ………………… 34 
Section 3 Flower Bud Diff erentiation ……………………………………… 44 
Section 4 Flowering and Fruiting ………………………………………… 46 
Section 5 Development of Fruits …………………………………………… 48 
Section 6 Requirements for Environmental Conditions …………………… 49 
Chapter 4 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 53 
Section 1 Types and Selection of Rootstock ……………………………… 53 
Section 2 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 56 
Section 3 Breeding of Dwarfing and Virus-free Seedlings ………………… 69 
Section 4 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars …………………… 70 
Chapter 5 Orchard Construction Techniques …………………………… 73 
Section 1 Selections of Orchard Land ……………………………………… 73 
Section 2 Orchard Planning and Setting …………………………………… 77 
Section 3 Planting of Pear ………………………………………………… 84 
Chapter 6 Nutrient, Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Management Techniques 
for Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 89 
Section 1 Nutrient Elements for Pear Trees ………………………………… 89 
Section 2 Soil Management Techniques for Pear Orchard ………………… 95 
Section 3 Fertilizer Requirement Characteristics of Pear Trees and 
Scientific Fertilization …………………………………………… 121 
Section 4 Irrigation and Drainage ………………………………………… 147 
Chapter 7 Trimming and Pruning of Pear Trees ………………………… 152 
Section 1 The Principle and Function of Trimming and Pruning of 
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 152 
Section 2 The Basis, Time, and Method of Trimming and Pruning for 
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 158 
Section 3 Trimming Characteristics of Pear Trees and Requirement for 
High-yield Tree Shapes ………………………………………… 169 
Section 4 Main Tree Shapes of Pear Trees ………………………………… 173 
Section 5 Method of Pruning ……………………………………………… 180 
Section 6 Innovation of Trimming and Pruning Technology for Pear Trees … 184 
Chapter 8 Flower and Fruit Management ………………………………… 188 
Section 1 Pollination Promotion and Fruit Setting Rate Improvement …… 188 
Section 2 Frost Prevention during Anthesis ………………………………… 190 
Section 3 Blossom and Fruit Thinning …………………………………… 191 
Section 4 Fruit Bagging …………………………………………………… 194 
Section 5 Harvesting, Packaging, and Transport of Fruits ………………… 196 
Chapter 9 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars ………………… 200 
Section 1 Top Grafting Period ……………………………………………… 200 
Section 2 Treatment of Top Grafting Trees ………………………………… 200 
Section 3 Grafting ………………………………………………………… 201 
Section 4 Post-grafting Management ……………………………………… 201 
Chapter 10 Integrated Control Technology for Diseases and Pests 
on Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 203 
Section 1 Occurrence and Infection of Diseases on Fruit Trees …………… 203 
Section 2 Identification and Retrieval of Fruit Tree Diseases ……………… 214 
Section 3 Identification of Fruit Tree Pests ………………………………… 226 
Section 4 Scientific Control Technology for Diseases and Pests 
on Fruit Trees …………………………………………………… 230 
Section 5 Pear Diseases and Control ……………………………………… 256 
Section 6 Pear Pests and Control …………………………………………… 274 
Section 7 Physiological Diseases of Pear Trees …………………………… 315 
Appendixes …………………………………………………………………… 325 
References …………………………………………………………………… 352