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高等学校教材。

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Most spontaneous chemical reactions are accompanied by the release of energyand by a tendency to self-heat. Reactions are also sensitive to temperature and reactionrates respond dramatically to temperature increases： a very old empirical rule suggeststhat reaction rates may double for every ten degrees Celsius rise in temperature. Thesetwo considerations underlie the most widespread mechanism known for explosion andfor thermal runaway， and a qualitative understanding of their interplay has existed sincethe days of J.H.van't Hoff.The theory of thermal explosions thus has roots that are about a century old. It isinternational and its modern form begins in France in 1913 with the clear picturesdrawn by C.Taffanel and J.le Floch. These beginnings were repeated in the 1920's bythe man universally acknowledged as the father of modern theories， N. N. Semenov，then working in Leningrad. He and his colleague D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii （1938）inaugurated the modern era and Russian contributions have been continuous andsubstantial to the present day. Around those early years （1930s， 1940s） experimentalstudies of distinction were also undertaken in England and in the United States ofAmerica.These early studies centred on clear but elementary pictures of thermal ignition asthe marginal disappearance of stationary states. De.eper studies of stability， includingquestions of the related study of flame propagation were also being undertaken， and anew strand is woven in the 1950s by chemical reaction engineers concerned with twothemes - exothermic reactions in catalyst pellets， and the behaviour of homogeneoussystems in continuous flow （open systems）. In these decades 1950-1970， manycontributions are made and the last extensive reviews were written then （Merzhanov andDubovitskii; Gray and Lee）. Notable innovative work on non-stationary systems wasdone by Thomas and by Adler.Experiments for a long while lagged behind. A noteworthy direct demonstration ofself-heating and of a critical safe maximum is due to Vanpee （1956）; a full study oftemperature excesses and their dependence on position and time only appears in the late1960s （Gray et al.）. Soon after （1965+） we see the systematic mathematical attacks onthermal explosion theory by Boddington and others， and its linking by B.F.Gray tochain-branching instabilities also begins then.

“工程化学实验”是为非化工、非材料、非生物等理、工、管专业开设的基础化学实验编写的教材。实验内容包括化学实验基本操作、基本仪器使用、性质验证和结合工程实际内容的综合性实验。编者在遴选本实验内容时，十分注意与工程实际相结合的要求，尽量选取工程实践中与化学有关的实际过程作为实验内容，并努力让学生多使用一些生产中常用的常规仪器，如半自动电光天平、酸度计、电导率仪、分光光度计、硅整流器等。本书重视对学生进行实验数据处理和作图训练，还在实验12中使用了计算机处理数据和作图（附数据处理软件）。在实验内容中我们还引入了教师的部分科研成果，如“光亮镀锌”所用的光亮剂和“电移点滴法”进行金属材料的定性分析等。此外，安排了一部分微型实验，作为改革基础实验的一种探索。

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