生物炭在环境治理中的应用：原理、技术与实践

　　生物炭是一种富碳产品，由生物质（如木材、粪便或农作物残余物）在密闭容器中（缺氧条件）加热制得。生物炭可以通过多种方式改善农业和环境，其在土壤中的稳定性和优异的养分固持能力使其成为理想的土壤改良剂。此外，生物炭的固存能力与生物质可持续生产相结合可减少大气中二氧化碳排放，对减缓气候变化、早日实现碳达峰和碳中和产生重要影响。此外，生物炭制备过程中释放的气体还可以作为生物能源加以利用。本书是向学生、研究人员和非专业人士介绍生物炭的一本入门级书籍，可为所有想要对生物炭有更深入了解的读者提供全面的参考。本书的亮点是提出了生物炭科学前沿的新见解，阐述了生物炭科学研究和应用的新概念，分析了生物炭的知识缺口，展示了生物炭的复杂性，并描述了生物炭的科学发展和政策图景，该书可为生物炭在环境治理中的进一步研究和应用提供发展思路。

　　Johannes Lehmann，美国康奈尔大学土壤生物地球化学和土壤养分管理专业教授，国际生物炭动议组织联合创始人兼主席，美国农业部和能源部生物质能研发委员会委员，Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 主编。Stephen Joseph，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学材料科学与工程学院客座教授，国际生物炭动议组织联合创始人。＜BR＞王兵，男，汉族，1982年7月生，博士，贵州大学一流学科特聘教授（B类），硕士生导师，贵州省"千”层次创新型人才，2012-2013年美国康奈尔大学访问学者，2016-2017年美国佛罗里达大学访问学者，主要从事生物炭的生物地球化学行为与环境效应、土壤重金属污染修复治理及固体废弃物资源化利用等方面的研究。近年来作为项目负责人先后主持了国家重点研发计划专题项目、国家自然科学基金面上项目、国家自然科学青年基金项目、贵州省农业科技攻关计划项目、贵州省国际科技合作计划项目、贵州省科学技术基金项目、中国科学院"西部之光”人才培养计划项目、贵州省高层次留学人才创新创业择优资助项目等课题10余项。目前已在国内外相关学术刊物上发表学术论文60余篇，其中第一作者或通讯作者在Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology、Science of the Total Environment、Chemosphere等环境领域SCI期刊发表论文20余篇，获得授权发明专利3项，2010年荣获中国科学院朱李月华优秀博士生奖，并担任中国矿物岩石地球化学学会终身会员、国家自然科学基金委员会同行评议专家及Journal of Hazardous Materials、Chemical Engineering Journal、Journal of Cleaner Production、Scientific Reports、Science of the Total Environment 、Chemosphere、Journal of Environmental Management等20余个环境领域国际著名刊物审稿人

第1 章 用于环境管理的生物炭 ·······································································.1
1.1 生物炭的定义 ·····················································································1
1.2 生物炭研究及其应用历史 ······································································3
1.3　生物炭系统 ························································································5
1.4　土壤改良 ···························································································7
1.5　缓解气候变化和减少养分流失 ································································7
1.6　废物处理 ···························································································8
1.7　能源生产 ···························································································8
1.8　生物炭研究的现状、发展和展望 ·····························································9
参考文献 ······························································································.10
第2 章 生物炭的传统用法 ·············································································13
2.1　引言 ······························································································.13
2.2　欧洲 ······························································································.16
2.2.1　新石器时代和青铜器时代 ··························································.16
2.2.2　中世纪厚熟表层土壤栽培 ··························································.17
2.2.3　“蚂蚁”——地中海地区的传统施肥技术 ·······································.19
2.3　亚洲 ······························································································.21
2.3.1　中国古代稻田 ·········································································.21
2.3.2　东南亚—婆罗洲 ······································································.22
2.3.3　日本 ·····················································································.23
2.4　澳大利亚和新西兰 ············································································.24
2.5　非洲 ······························································································.25
2.6　南美洲 ···························································································.26
2.6.1　巴西（Terra Preta deíndio） ··························································.26
2.6.2　秘鲁 ·····················································································.27
2.7　结论 ······························································································.28
参考文献 ······························································································.28
第3 章 生物炭制备的基本原理 ·······································································33
3.1　引言 ······························································································.33
3.2　木炭制备的历史和工艺 ······································································.34
3.3　生物质填料热解的基本概念 ································································.39
3.4　木炭的产量和性质 ············································································.45
3.5　结论与展望 ·····················································································.49
参考文献 ······························································································.49
第4 章 生物炭制备技术 ················································································55
4.1　引言 ······························································································.55
4.2　热化学转化技术 ···············································································.56
4.3　生物炭制备反应器的选择标准 ·····························································.57
4.4　反应器类型、运行方式和工艺参数 ·······················································.61
4.4.1　热化学反应器中的氧气含量 ·······················································.63
4.4.2　反应器类型（固定床反应器、移动床反应器、流化床反应器、
循环床反应器、烧蚀反应器、气流床反应器） ·······································.63
4.4.3　使用的粒度 ············································································.63
4.4.4　操作模式 ···············································································.64
4.5　加热方式 ································