舰船尾迹的电磁成像机理及特征提取技术

　　舰船尾迹是真实海场景中不可缺失的部分，是识别舰船目标的类型、位置、航速和航向信息等特征的重要途径。 本书共8 章，详细阐述了Kelvin 尾迹、含湍流远场综合尾迹、泡沫流尾迹、近场尾迹、内波尾迹和水下运动目标尾迹的几何建模、电磁散射建模和合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像仿真技术；结合计算流体力学（CFD）仿真技术和电磁散射的调制谱优化面元模型，将仿真模型应用于舰船尾迹的SAR 图像特征检测、基于尾迹的舰船目标参数反演和浮标目标隐蔽优化设计工程中。本书构建了一套基于舰船尾迹流场的电磁散射特性分析和雷达图像仿真的系统理论和应用方法，使读者能够通过本书的学习掌握运动舰船尾迹的电磁散射机理和成像仿真方法，灵活解决实际工程问题。本书适合从事雷达设计与评估、微波遥感、雷达目标与环境特性、电磁成像算法与图像理解的相关科研工作人员阅读，也可作为高等学校相关专业研究生的教学参考用书。

　　张民教授，1997年6至今，在西安电子科技大学工作，长期从事复杂目标与环境电磁散射与辐射特性、目标特征识别与电磁成像算法的研究工作。分别于2002年、2003年-2004年和2008年分别赴法国鲁昂大学、新加坡国立大学和法国菲涅尔实验室从事中法先进合作项目、微波集成电路和微波材料表面电磁散射特性的相关研究工作。

第1 章 舰船尾迹电磁散射的理论基础·········································001
1.1 海浪和舰船尾迹的基本概念········································002
1.1.1 海浪仿真·······················································002
1.1.2 典型海谱函数·················································005
1.1.3 舰船尾迹的基本类型·······································.011
1.2 海面与舰船尾迹电磁散射的计算基础····························017
1.2.1 Bragg 散射理论···············································018
1.2.2 半确定面元散射模型········································020
1.2.3 海面散射场分析··············································023
1.3 本章小结································································026
参考文献······································································027
第2 章 Kelvin 尾迹······························································031
2.1 Kelvin 尾迹流场模型·················································032
2.1.1 船行波基本特征··············································032
2.1.2 Kelvin 尾迹波高场···········································033
2.1.3 Kelvin 尾迹仿真结果········································035
2.2 海面调制理论··························································037
2.2.1 海浪波的流体力学描述·····································037
2.2.2 倾斜调制·······················································038
2.2.3 流体力学调制·················································039
2.2.4 速度聚束调制·················································040
2.2.5 三种调制作用对比···········································041
2.3 速度聚束成像模型与尾迹成像仿真·······························043
2.3.1 实孔径雷达和合成孔径雷达·······························043
2.3.2 Kelvin 尾迹SAR 成像仿真·································045
2.3.3 Kelvin 尾迹SAR 图像特性分析···························048
2.3.4 Kelvin 尾迹中的窄尾迹分量·······························057
2.4 本章小结································································061
参考文献······································································062
第3 章 湍流远场综合尾迹·······················································063
3.1 远场湍流尾迹的流场仿真···········································064
3.1.1 CFD 理论基础·················································065
3.1.2 基于CFD 理论的远场尾迹仿真···························068
3.2 调制谱面元散射模型·················································069
3.2.1 调制谱方程····················································070
3.2.2 调制谱源项····················································071
3.2.3 调制谱的求解·················································075
3.2.4 基于调制谱的海面散射·····································078
3.3 湍流尾迹散射场分析·················································079
3.3.1 尾迹的背景波调制作用·····································079
3.3.2 远场综合尾迹SAR 成像····································083
3.4 本章小结································································087
参考文献······································································087
第4 章 泡沫流尾迹·······························································090
4.1 泡沫流尾迹的理论基础··············································090
4.1.1 泡沫层反射率·················································090
4.1.2 泡沫覆盖率····················································093
4.2 泡沫海面的体散射统计模型········································095
4.2.1 球形气泡的电磁散射特性··································095
4.2.2 散射矩阵·······················································099
4.2.3 泡沫海面体散射的VRT 模型······························104
4.3 泡沫流尾迹的相干散射场模型····································.110
4.3.1 泡沫层的相干散射场模型·································.110
4.3.2 仿真结果与分析·············································.115
4.4 本章小结································································120
参考文献······································································121
第5 章 近场尾迹··································································123
5.1 近场尾迹的几何建模·················································124
5.1.1 尾迹流场仿真设置···········································125
5.1.2 近场尾迹仿真结果···········································126
5.2 近场尾迹电磁散射的算法···········································129
5.2.1 网格转换和消隐处理········································129
5.2.2 迭代物理光学法（IPO）····································131
5.2.3 迭代优化技术·················································133
5.3 近场尾迹的电磁散射特性分析·····································134
5.3.1 FBIPO