新基建中的物联网：通往数字世界的桥梁

　　数字经济是我国当前发展的重要方向。新型基础设施旨在为社会经济发展提供新动力和新能源，是数字经济发展的基础。新型基础设施的创新之处在于，深度融合了物联网、5G 移动通信、人工智能、大数据、云计算等信息技术的新兴领域，作为核心技术共同形成新一代信息基础设施的有力支撑，可以充分发挥IT技术对数字经济发展的加速、赋能和催化等作用，通过网络汇聚和平台集成等效应，逐步形成新的产业生态体系。建设物联网新型基础设施，是我国推动产业优化升级和企业数字化转型的重要手段。本书共12 章，在阐述我国信息基础设施的建设发展历程的基础上，首先分析了物联网在新型基础设施建设中的作用，提出我国物联网的产业发展现状与面临的机遇和挑战，对物联网新型基础设施建设与5G、大数据和人工智能等新兴技术的融合及存在的主要问题进行了介绍，并论述了物联网新型基础设施建设与工业互联网和数字孪生之间的关系，后给出物联网新型基础设施建设政策与实施案例。

　　张晖，工学博士，正高级高级工程师，中国电子技术标准化研究院技术总监，国家物联网基础标准工作组原秘书长，国家物联网发展专家咨询委员会委员。作为项目负责人牵头承担多项“新一代宽带无线通信网”国家科技重大专项、工信部智能制造和工业互联网专项及科技部863等重大课题的研究工作。牵头编写了国家工信部《物联网十三五发展规划》和发改委《关于促进物联网健康有序发展的指导意见》等多项政策规划文件。主办或参与信息技术设备、网络技术等上百项国家和行业标准的制修订。曾获得中国标准创新贡献奖二等奖、中国电子学会科学技术奖三等奖和军队科技进步奖三等奖等奖项。在国内外权威学报和核心期刊发表论文三十余篇，出版《物联网技术标准化概述》、《大数据环境下的物联网系统》等专著。

第1 章 从基础设施建设到新型基础设施建设···················································.1
1.1 传统意义上的基础设施·······················································································.1
1.1.1 基础设施与基础设施建设···········································································.1
1.1.2 基础设施建设的经济学特征········································································.2
1.2 新型基础设施的内涵··························································································.4
1.3 新基建相关政策的时间脉络·················································································.5
1.4 新基建的特点和时代背景····················································································.7
1.5 新基建到底新在何处··························································································.9
1.6 本章小结·········································································································10
第2 章 我国信息基础设施的建设发展历程·····················································.11
2.1 新基建与信息基础设施的关系··············································································11
2.2 国家信息基础设施的提出····················································································12
2.3 我国信息基础设施的建设历程··············································································13
2.4 我国信息基础设施建设与国际水平的差距·······························································16
2.5 本章小结·········································································································17
第3 章 物联网在新型基础设施建设中的作用··················································.18
3.1 物联网是新基建的核心要素·················································································18
3.2 物联网建立新基建的能力支撑··············································································19
3.3 物联网构筑工业互联网的发展根基········································································21
3.4 物联网改变数据中心的运营方式···········································································21
3.5 物联网引领5G 通信的发展方向···········································································23
3.6 物联网提供人工智能所需要的实时数据··································································25
3.7 物联网带来基础设施安全的全新挑战·····································································26
3.8 本章小结·········································································································27
第4 章 物联网产业发展的挑战与机遇···························································.29
4.1 物联网概念演化与内涵解析·················································································29
4.1.1 物联网概念的起源····················································································29
4.1.2 物联网定义的形成····················································································30
4.2 物联网产业的发展历程·······················································································32
4.2.1 射频识别产业的兴起·················································································33
4.2.2 传感器及智能终端产业的发展·····································································34
4.2.3 网络通信产业的发展·················································································35
4.2.4 物联网中的数据处理·················································································36
4.2.5 物联网云平台的应用·················································································37
4.3 物联网系统与大数据技术深度融合········································································38
4.3.1 联网设备带来数据量的急剧增长··································································38
4.3.2 物联网系统中大数据的特征········································································39
4.3.3 物联网系统专用的大数据处理平台·······························································40
4.3.4 工业物联网应用与大数据的融合··································································42
4.4 人工智能时代物联网面临的挑战与机遇··································································44
4.4.1 物联网发展面临的主要挑战········································································44
4.4.2 物联网将迈入全智能化的新阶段··································································46
4.5 本章小结·········································