平方公里阵SKA：中国的发展历程

　　平方公里阵SKA是国际上在建的超大天文观测项目。该项目由包括中国在内的很多国家共同参与，通过建立一众射电望远镜阵列，形成等效镜面面积达平方公里量级的观测能力。这一设施建成后，无疑是人类曾经建立的极强大的天文观测设备。《平方公里阵SKA——中国的发展历程》作者是中国SKA项目的牵头科学家，《平方公里阵SKA——中国的发展历程》详细探讨了中国参与SKA项目的历史、研究现状和未来规划。《平方公里阵SKA——中国的发展历程》对于SKA项目的介绍非常细致，既是国内在这一方面工作的总结与展望，也是对这一项目有兴趣的读者了解SKA项目的非常好的渠道。

　　秦波：：：：：：： 秦波，中国科学院国家天文台研究员，博士生导师。主要从事宇宙学与暗物质研究，发表多篇研究论文。受科技部委托，作为中方代表，先后任职国际SKA组织战略委员会、出资工作组、政府间正式谈判工作组及董事会等，并参与撰写了“中国SKA白皮书”。

第一章　SKA综述···················································1
1.1　平方公里阵SKA···········································1
1.2　SKA的核心科学目标·····································6
1.3　SKA1：第一阶段的SKA··································7
1.4　SKA1的技术指标和科学能力·························10
1.5　SKA1的优先科学目标·································14
1.6　新版国际SKA科学白皮书·····························15
1.7　国际SKA科学工作组(SWG)及聚焦组(FG)········18
第二章　SKA的国际背景及发展现状···························21
2.1　国际SKA计划的历史背景·····························21
2.2　国际合作下的SKA及发展现状·······················29
第三章　中国参加SKA的历史与发展现状·····················37
3.1　中国参加SKA的早期历史，以及SKA与FAST的
渊源························································38
3.2　中国参与国际SKA组织的创建与共同治理·········52
3.3　中国参加SKA的必要性与重要意义·················69
第四章　中国参与SKA工程建设情况···························75
4.1　概述：中国是SKA的重要建设者····················· 75
4.2　实现中国SKA1建设的工程回报······················ 84
4.3　中方参与SKA1建设主要工作包的基本情况········ 86
4.3.1　反射面天线工作包································ 86
4.3.2　信号数据传输工作包······························ 95
4.3.3　 低频孔径阵列工作包及中频孔径阵列工作包···· 99
4.3.4　科学数据处理工作包·····························105
第五章　中国SKA的科学准备································· 109
5.1　概述······················································109
5.2　中国SKA科学目标与战略的形成··················· 111
5.3　中国SKA的科学准备与布局·························117
5.3.1　宇宙黎明和再电离探测··························117
5.3.2　脉冲星搜寻、测时和引力检验···················118
5.3.3　中性氢巡天和宇宙学研究························119
5.3.4　宇宙磁场··········································119
5.3.5　星际介质··········································120
5.3.6　暂现源探测·······································120
5.3.7　活动星系核反馈和黑洞··························121
5.3.8　中性氢星系动力学和演化························122
5.3.9　生命摇篮··········································123
5.3.10　超高能宇宙射线和中微子探测·················124
5.3.11　中国SKA区域中心建设························125
第六章　SKA外交、国际合作下的中国SKA科学与
人才培养················································· 127
6.1　SKA外交················································127
6.2　与SKA成员国的国际合作····························131
6.3　国际合作背景下的中国SKA人才培养··············140
附录　 中澳、中英SKA联合博士计划案例 ··············151
结束语······························································· 157
附录1　国际SKA大事记········································ 163
附录2　中国SKA大事记········································ 165
附录3　中国在国际SKA 组织中出任重要管理岗位
情况······················································· 169
参考文献···························································· 173
致谢································································· 175
作者简介···························································· 177