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Digital Guided Micro Prosthodontics 数字引导的显微修复（英文版）
作者：于海洋 著
出版社：人民卫生出版社
出版时间：2023-01-01
ISBN：9787117339858
定价：¥599.00
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内容简介
本书主要介绍了数字化引导的口腔显微修复学的临床技术。 包括数字化口腔显微修复的分析设计及临床前准备、数字化显微修复的序列关键临床技术、显微修复后的并发症及处理、目标修复体空间引导下的咬合重建及数字化显微修复案例等4个部分，共16章内容。详细论述了口腔显微修复技术发展史，显微修复常用的器械、技巧及临床方案；案析详解了如何正确地使用显微镜进行精准的牙体预备、釉质内预备及修复体的粘接等技术；展示了大量热点临床案例详解。
作者简介
口腔修复工艺学和口腔生物摩擦学的学术带头人，国内有影响的中青年专家。毕业后一直从事口腔修复学教学、科研和临床工作，医教研成绩突出，领导和实施了全国首招本科专业口腔修复工艺学专业的各项教育建设内容，获得国家和省级教学成果奖，全国宝钢优秀教师奖、教育部新世纪优秀人才。
目录
1 Overview /1
1.1 Development and Requirements of Micro Dentistry /2
1.1.1 Different Levels of Visual Basis Bring Different Levels
of Recognition /2
1.1.2 Development of Micro Dentistry /3
1.2 Application of Dental Microscope in Dental Specialties /3
1.2.1 Accuracy of Measurement Required by Each Dental Specialty Is Not the Same, and that of Endodontics and Prosthodontics Is Relatively Small /3
1.2.2 The Application of Microscope in Endodontics /4
1.2.3 The Application of Microscope in Periodonticsand Dental Implantology /4
1.2.4 The Application of Microscope in Prosthodontics /4
1.2.5 The Application of Microscope in Dental Technology /4
1.2.6 The Application of Microscope in Teaching,Scientific Research, and Clinical Skill Training /5
1.3 Development and Advantages of Micro Prosthodontics /5
1.3.1 In the Naked-Eye Age, the Complications of RestorationAre Mostly Related to Unclear Vision /5
1.3.2 Reasons Why We Need Micro Prosthodontics /5
1.3.3 The Relationship Between Digital Micro Prosthodonticsand Minimally Invasive Dentistry /6
Suggested Readings /7
Part I Analysis, Design and Preclinical Preparation of Micro Prosthodontics
2 Theory and Practice of Target Restorative Space (TRS) /11
2.1 Definition and Classification of Target Restorative Space (TRS) /11
2.1.1 Definition /11
2.1.2 Classification /11
2.2 The Significance of Target Restorative Space (TRS) in Prosthodontics /15
2.2.1 The Significance of TRS in Aesthetic Restoration /15
2.2.2 The Significance of TRS in Implant Surgery /18
2.3 Classification and Manufacturing of TRS Guide /18
2.3.1 Classification of TRS Guides /19
2.3.2 Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /20
2.3.3 3D Printing TRS Guide /20
2.3.4 Two-in-One TRS Guide for Tooth Preparation and Implantation /21
2.4 Application of Target Restorative Space (TRS) Guide in Preoperative Analysis and Design /21
2.4.1 Application of TRS Guide in Aesthetic Restorationof Anterior Teeth /21
2.4.2 Application of TRS Guide in Functional Reconstructionof Oral and Maxillofacial System /22
2.4.3 Application of TRS Guide in Secondary Restoration/ 24
2.4.4 Application of TRS Guide in Dental Implant /24
2.5 Summary and Prospect /24
Suggested Readings /26
3 Microscope and Auxiliary Devices for Micro Prosthodontics /27
3.1 The Basic Structure and Working Principle of Dental Microscope /27
3.1.1 Definition of Dental Microscopes /27
3.1.2 Classification of Dental Microscopes /28
3.1.3 Basic Structures of Dental Operating Microscope /29
3.2 Auxiliary Devices for Micro Prosthodontics /35
3.2.1 Ring Flash/Twin Flash Device Around the Objective Lens /37
3.2.2 Lingual/Palatal Reflector and Its Holder /37
3.2.3 Variable Diaphragm /38
3.2.4 Enamel Chisel /38
3.3 The Basic Set-Up and Instructions of Dental Operating Microscope /39
3.3.1 Set-Up and Precautions of Dental Operating Microscope /39
3.3.2 Basic Adjustment of Dental Operating Microscope /40
3.4 Summary and Prospect /42
Suggested Readings /42
4 Posture and Microscopic View of Prosthodontic Microsurgery /43
4.1 Dental Microsurgery Technique and Ergonomics /43
4.1.1 Definition of Ergonomics /43
4.1.2 The Connection Between Dental Microsurgery
Technique and Ergonomics /43
4.1.3 Ergonomic Recommendations /43
4.2 Postures of Dental Microsurgery /44
4.2.1 Ergonomic Posture of Dental Microsurgery /44
4.3 Microscopic View of Each Tooth /46
4.3.1 Microscopic View of Maxillary Anterior Teeth /46
4.3.2 Microscopic View of Maxillary Posterior Teeth /47
4.3.3 Microscopic View of the Mandibular Anterior Teeth /49
4.3.4 Microscopic View of the Mandibular Posterior Teeth /50
4.4 Thoughts and Comments Regarding the Practice of Micro Prosthodontics /51
4.4.1 Using a Microscope Can Prolong the Career Longevity
of Dentists and Improve Clinical Results /51
4.4.2 Microscopy Does Not Mean Minimal Invasiveness /52
4.4.3 Application of Dental Microscope in Prosthodontics Teaching /53
4.4.4 “Five Difficulties” in the Practice and Teaching of Microscopic Prosthodontics /53
4.4.5 Consensus Should Be Achieved on MicroscopicProsthodontic Teaching /56
4.5 Summary and Prospect /57
Suggested Readings /57
Part II Sequential and Key Clinical Techniques
for Digital Micro Prosthodontics
5 Pain Management and Comfortable Treatment in Micro Prosthodontics /61
5.1 Local Anesthetics and Local Anesthesia Methods /61
5.1.1 How to Choose Local Anesthetics /61
5.1.2 How to Choose Local Anesthesia Method /62
5.1.3 How to Calculate Drug Dosage /64
5.1.4 Sedation /66
5.2 Clinical Operation Procedure /67
5.2.1 Evaluation and Preparation Before Anesthesia /67
5.2.2 Implementation of Anesthesia /68
5.2.3 Complications /69
5.3 Pain Control of Tooth Preparation /70
5.3.1 Principles and Mechanisms /70
5.3.2 Pain Control During and After Tooth Preparation /72
5.4 Pain Control of Dental Implantation /72
5.4.1 Principles and Mechanisms /72
5.4.2 Reasons for Pain after Dental Implantation /73
5.4.3 Pain Control After Dental Implantation /73
5.5 Summary and Prospect /74
Suggested Readings /74
6 Isolation of the Operative Field in Micro Prosthodontics: Practical Rubber Dam Technology /75
6.1 Rubber Dam and Accessories /75
6.1.1 Composition of Rubber Dam Kit /75
6.2 Basic Technology of Rubber Dam /77
6.2.1 Placement of Rubber Dam /77
6.2.2 Reminder for Rubber Dam Placement /79
6.3 Use of Rubber Dam in Special Situations /81
6.3.1 Gingival Sulcus Fluid or Saliva Microleakage /81
6.3.2 Large Defect of the Tooth or Poor Retention of the Crown /81
6.3.3 Isolation of PFM and Ceramic Crown /81
6.3.4 Isolation of Fixed Bridge Restoration /81
6.3.5 Tooth Neck Defect /81
6.3.6 Patients in Poor General Condition and Elderly Patients /81
6.4 Summary and Prospect /81
Suggested Readings /81
7 Introduction to Digital Micro Tooth Preparation Technology /83
7.1 Control of Tooth Preparation Amount /83
7.1.1 Biological Factor /84
7.1.2 Biochemical Factor /85
7.1.3 Esthetic and Functional Factor of Prosthesis /86
7.2 Control of the Preparation Shape /86
7.2.1 Requirements for the Shape of the Axial Surface of the Preparation /86
7.2.2 The Control of the Position and Shape of the Preparation’s Margin /87
7.3 Instrument Selection for Tooth Preparation /89
7.3.1 Types and Selection of Cutting Bur for Tooth Preparation /89
7.3.2 Types and Selection of Dental Handpiece and Motors /92
7.4 Application of TRS Guide in Tooth Preparation /94
7.4.1 Classification According to the Purpose of Use /94
7.4.2 Classification According to Manufacturing Technology /95
7.5 Classification and Characteristics of the Existing Micro
Tooth Preparation Techniques /96
7.5.1 Micro Groove Reference Tooth Preparation Technique /96
7.5.2 Micro Hole Reference Tooth Preparation Technique /99
7.6 Clinical Workflow and Preparation Method of High-Precision Margin /99
7.6.1 Three Determinations /100
7.6.2 Three Choices /101
7.6.3 Three Steps /102
7.7 Summary and Prospect /102
Suggested Readings /102
8 Digital Impression Technology /105
8.1 Classification and Characteristics of Digital Impression /105
8.1.1 Classification of Digital Impression /105
8.1.2 Characteristics of Digital Impression /108
8.2 Operation Procedure of Digital Intraoral Scanning System /109
8.2.1 Installation of Digital Intraoral Scanning System /109
8.2.2 Introduction to Home Page of Intraoral Scanning Software /109
8.2.3 Case Management in Intraoral Scanning Software /109
8.2.4 Scanning Scheme and Scan and Image
in Intraoral Scanning Software /111
8.2.5 Processing of Digital Intraoral Scanning Model /117
8.2.6 Storage and Export of Digital Intraoral Scanning Data /120
8.3 Common Problems and Solutions of Digital Impression /120
8.3.1 Common Problems and Solutions About Hardware /120
8.3.2 Common Problems and Solutions About Software /122
8.4 Summary and Prospect /123
Suggested Readings /123
9 Digital Depth-Hole-Guiding Micro Tooth Preparation for Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1 Overview and Indications of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.1 The Indications of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.2 The Characteristics of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.3 Materials of Porcelain Veneer /126
9.1.4 Types of Porcelain Veneer /126
9.2 Design of Targeted Restorative Space (TRS) and Porcelain
Veneer Preparation /128
9.2.1 TRS Design of Porcelain Veneer /128
9.2.2 Preparation Design of Porcelain Veneer /128
9.3 The Clinical Protocol of Micro Tooth Preparation
with Digital Guide for Porcelain Veneer /130
9.3.1 Veneer Preparation Using the Silicone Rubber Guide /130
9.3.2 Veneer Preparation Using the Transparent
Vacuum-Formed TRS Guide /136
9.3.3 Veneer Preparation Using 3D Printing TRS Guide /140
9.3.4 Finishing and Polishing /143
9.4 Gingival Retraction Technique Under a Microscope /143
9.4.1 Microscope Field of View for Gingival Retraction /145
9.4.2 The Procedure of Gingival Retraction Under a Microscope /145
9.5 Impression Making and Provisional Restoration /146
9.5.1 Impression Making /146
9.5.2 Provisional Restoration /146
9.6 Overview and Indications of Partial Porcelain Veneers /147
9.6.1 Indications and Contraindications of Partial Porcelain Veneer /147
9.6.2 Materials for Partial Porcelain Veneer /147
9.6.3 TRS Design for Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.4 Preparation Requirements for Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.5 Preparations for Tooth Preparation of Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.6 Preparation of Various Types of Dental Veneers /149
9.7 Summary and Prospect /151
Suggested Readings /151
Contents
xv
10 Digital Micro Tooth Preparation for Posterior Indirect
Adhesive Restorations /153
10.1 Overview of Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restorations /153
10.1.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of PIAR /153
10.1.2 Material Selection for PIAR /154
10.1.3 Types of PIAR /155
10.2 Preparation Design of Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restoration /155
10.2.1 The Amount of Preparation /155
10.2.2 The Principle of Posterior Indirect Adhesive
Restoration Preparation /156
10.3 Micro Preparation Protocol for Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restorations /159
10.3.1 Basic Principles of PIAR Preparation /159
10.3.2 Preparation Before Tooth Preparation /159
10.3.3 Preparation Process of Micro Preparation Guided by TRS Guide /159
10.3.4 Preparation for Single-Surface PIAR /161
10.3.5 Preparation for MO/DO PIAR /162
10.4 Summary and Prospect /163
Suggested Readings /164
11 Digital Depth-Hole-Guiding Micro Preparation for All-Ceramic Crown /165
11.1 Overview and Indications of All-CeramicCrown /165
11.1.1 Indications of All-Ceramic Crown /165
11.1.2 Contraindications of All-Ceramic Crown /166
11.2 Classification of All-Ceramic Material /166
11.2.1 Slip-Casting Ceramic /166
11.2.2 Castable Glass Ceramic /166
11.2.3 Pressed Castable Ceramic /167
11.2.4 Infiltrated Ceramic /167
11.2.5 Machinable Ceramic /167
11.2.6 Zirconia Ceramic or Zirconia-Toughened Ceramic /167
11.2.7 Nanocomposite Ceramic /168
11.2.8 Ceramic-Resin Composite /168
11.3 The Clinical Protocol of Digital Depth-Hole-GuidingMicro Tooth Preparation for All-Ceramic Crown /168
11.3.1 Analysis and Design Phase /168
11.3.2 Micro Tooth Preparation of Anterior Teeth
Under the Guidance of the Transparent
Vacuum-Formed TRS Guide /170
11.3.3 Micro Tooth Preparation of Anterior Teeth Under the Guidance of the 3D Printing TRS Guideof Non-uniform Thicknesses /173
11.3.4 Impression and Temporary Restoration /175
11.4 Summary and Prospect /177
Suggested Readings /178
12 Immediate Dentin Sealing and Micro Bonding /179
12.1 Overview and Mechanism of Adhesion /179
12.1.1 Concept of Adhesive /179
12.1.2 Mechanism of Adhesion /179
12.1.3 Type of Adhesives /180
12.1.4 Bonding of Enamel /181
12.1.5 Bonding of Dentin /182
12.1.6 Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) /184
12.1.7 The Treatments of the Ceramic Prosthesis /185
12.1.8 Cementing of Temporary Restorations /187
12.2 Micro Bonding Process of Zirconia- and Glass-Based Ceramics /188
12.2.1 Characteristics of Bonding of Different Restorative Materials /188
12.2.2 Surface Conditioning of Different Restorative Materials /189
12.2.3 Surface Conditioning of the Preparation (Abutment Tooth) Which Is to Be Repairedwith Different Restorative Materials /190
12.3 Micro Bonding Process of Porcelain Veneer /192
12.3.1 Selection of Adhesive Resin /192
12.3.2 Try-In and Preparation /192
12.3.3 Surface Conditioning of the Tooth /193
12.3.4 Surface Conditioning of the Porcelain Veneer /195
12.3.5 Placement /196
12.3.6 Occlusal Check and Adjustment /198
12.4 Micro Bonding Process of All-Ceramic Crown /199
12.4.1 Selection of Adhesive /199
12.4.2 Try-In and Preparation /199
12.4.3 Occlusal Check and Adjustment /199
12.4.4 Surface Conditioning of the Tooth Surface /199
12.4.5 Surface Conditioning of the All-Ceramic Crown /201
12.4.6 Placement /203
12.5 Summary and Prospect /204
Suggested Readings /206
Part III Complications and Treatment After Micro-prosthodontics
13 Complications and Treatment After Micro Prosthodontics /209
13.1 Routine Maintenance /209
13.1.1 Brush Teeth and Use Dental Floss Correctly /209
13.1.2 Receive Regular Scaling and Treatment
in Time If There Is Any Problem /209
13.1.3 Apply Fluoride and Prevent Secondary Caries /209
13.2 Complications and Treatment /209
13.2.1 Chipping Fracture of Porcelain /209
13.2.2 Porcelain Cracking /210
13.2.3 Debonding of Prosthesis /211
13.2.4 Dental Allergy /211
13.2.5 Abutment Fracture /211
13.2.6 Discoloration at the Margin of the Prosthesis /211
13.2.7 Dental Pulp Devitalization and Secondary Caries /212
13.3 Summary and Prospect /212
Suggested Readings /212
Part IV Clinical Rehabilitation of Secondary AestheticPorcelain Restoration
14 Decisions on Clinical Rehabilitation of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration /215
14.1 Possible Complications of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration /215
14.1.1 Hypersensitivity of Abutment Teeth /215
14.1.2 Spontaneous Pain of Abutment Teeth /215
14.1.3 Loosening, Cracking and Discolouration of Abutment Teeth /216
14.1.4 Occurrence of Exacerbation of Periodontal Disease /216
14.1.5 Discolouration of Restoration /216
14.1.6 Loosening and Falling Off of Restoration /216
14.1.7 Cracking, Breaking and Perforation of Restoration /216
14.1.8 Dysfunction and Psychological Problems /217
14.2 Clinical Decision Tree of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain
Restoration Guided by TRS Guide /217
14.2.1 Psychological Evaluation /217
14.2.2 Previous Treatment Evaluation /218
14.2.3 Prosthodontic Decision After Removing
the Old Restoration /219
14.3 Typical Cases of Secondary Porcelain Aesthetic Repair and Retreatment /220
14.3.1 Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Area /220
14.4 Summary and Prospect /272
Suggested Readings /274
15 Occlusal Reconstruction Under the Guidance of Target Restorative Space /275
15.1 Comprehensive Assessment Before Occlusal Reconstruction /275
15.1.1 Clinical Consultation and Risk Assessment /275
15.1.2 Examination of the Oral and Maxillofacial System /275
15.1.3 Radiographic Examination /277
15.1.4 Mounting of Diagnosis Casts onto the Articulator /277
15.2 Typical Cases of Occlusion Reconstruction Aided by the TRS Guide /277
15.2.1 A Case of Secondary Aesthetic and Functional Porcelain Restoration of Maxillae and Mandible Aided by TRS Guide /278
15.2.2 A Case of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration of Maxillae and Mandible Aided by TRS Guide /285
15.2.3 A Case of Occlusal Reconstruction Restored by Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis with the Aid of Whole-ProcessDigital Guidance /300
15.3 Clinical Application of Occlusion Adjusting Guidein Occlusal Reconstruction /317
15.3.1 Digital Clinical Workflow of Occlusion Reconstructionfor Cases with Insufficient Occlusal Space /318
15.3.2 A Clinical Case of Designing Occlusion Adjusting Guide /322
15.4 Summary and Prospect /334
Suggested Readings /334
16 Cases of Digital Micro Prosthodontics Guided by Target Restorative Space /337
16.1 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Guided by Wax-Up Surface /337
16.1.1 A Case of Crown Lengthening Combining with Porcelain Veneer Restoration of Maxillary Anterior Tooth Guided by Mock-Up Surface /337
16.2 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Guided by Silicone Index /344
16.2.1 A Case of All-Ceramic Crown of Maxillary AnteriorTooth with ETRS Guided by Silicone Index /344
16.3 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /347
16.3.1 A Case of Digital Micro Restoration of Traumatic Maxillary Anterior Tooth with Ceramic Veneer Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /347
16.3.2 A Case of Porcelain Inlay Restoration of Elongated and Rotated Maxillary Anterior Teeth Aidedby Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /359
16.3.3 A Case of Porcelain Inlay Restoration of Defected Upper Anterior Teeth Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /369
16.3.4 A Case of Porcelain Veneer Restoration of Maxillary and Mandibular Tetracycline Teeth Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /381
16.4 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Uniform Thickness /393
16.4.1 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Restorations of Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Tooth with Exogenous Severe Erosion and Extensive Caries Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Uniform Thickness /393
16.5 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /410
16.5.1 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Crown of Maxillary Rotated Anterior Tooth Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /410
16.5.2 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Veneer of Maxillary Anterior Dental Fluorosis Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /417
16.5.3 A Case of Immediate Restoration of Prefabricated Crown Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /427
16.6 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Two-in-One TRS Guide for Implant Surgery and Tooth Preparation /436
16.6.1 A Case of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Two-in-One TRS Guide for Implant Surgery and Tooth Preparation /436
16.7 Summary and Prospect /452
Suggested Readings /452
1.1 Development and Requirements of Micro Dentistry /2
1.1.1 Different Levels of Visual Basis Bring Different Levels
of Recognition /2
1.1.2 Development of Micro Dentistry /3
1.2 Application of Dental Microscope in Dental Specialties /3
1.2.1 Accuracy of Measurement Required by Each Dental Specialty Is Not the Same, and that of Endodontics and Prosthodontics Is Relatively Small /3
1.2.2 The Application of Microscope in Endodontics /4
1.2.3 The Application of Microscope in Periodonticsand Dental Implantology /4
1.2.4 The Application of Microscope in Prosthodontics /4
1.2.5 The Application of Microscope in Dental Technology /4
1.2.6 The Application of Microscope in Teaching,Scientific Research, and Clinical Skill Training /5
1.3 Development and Advantages of Micro Prosthodontics /5
1.3.1 In the Naked-Eye Age, the Complications of RestorationAre Mostly Related to Unclear Vision /5
1.3.2 Reasons Why We Need Micro Prosthodontics /5
1.3.3 The Relationship Between Digital Micro Prosthodonticsand Minimally Invasive Dentistry /6
Suggested Readings /7
Part I Analysis, Design and Preclinical Preparation of Micro Prosthodontics
2 Theory and Practice of Target Restorative Space (TRS) /11
2.1 Definition and Classification of Target Restorative Space (TRS) /11
2.1.1 Definition /11
2.1.2 Classification /11
2.2 The Significance of Target Restorative Space (TRS) in Prosthodontics /15
2.2.1 The Significance of TRS in Aesthetic Restoration /15
2.2.2 The Significance of TRS in Implant Surgery /18
2.3 Classification and Manufacturing of TRS Guide /18
2.3.1 Classification of TRS Guides /19
2.3.2 Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /20
2.3.3 3D Printing TRS Guide /20
2.3.4 Two-in-One TRS Guide for Tooth Preparation and Implantation /21
2.4 Application of Target Restorative Space (TRS) Guide in Preoperative Analysis and Design /21
2.4.1 Application of TRS Guide in Aesthetic Restorationof Anterior Teeth /21
2.4.2 Application of TRS Guide in Functional Reconstructionof Oral and Maxillofacial System /22
2.4.3 Application of TRS Guide in Secondary Restoration/ 24
2.4.4 Application of TRS Guide in Dental Implant /24
2.5 Summary and Prospect /24
Suggested Readings /26
3 Microscope and Auxiliary Devices for Micro Prosthodontics /27
3.1 The Basic Structure and Working Principle of Dental Microscope /27
3.1.1 Definition of Dental Microscopes /27
3.1.2 Classification of Dental Microscopes /28
3.1.3 Basic Structures of Dental Operating Microscope /29
3.2 Auxiliary Devices for Micro Prosthodontics /35
3.2.1 Ring Flash/Twin Flash Device Around the Objective Lens /37
3.2.2 Lingual/Palatal Reflector and Its Holder /37
3.2.3 Variable Diaphragm /38
3.2.4 Enamel Chisel /38
3.3 The Basic Set-Up and Instructions of Dental Operating Microscope /39
3.3.1 Set-Up and Precautions of Dental Operating Microscope /39
3.3.2 Basic Adjustment of Dental Operating Microscope /40
3.4 Summary and Prospect /42
Suggested Readings /42
4 Posture and Microscopic View of Prosthodontic Microsurgery /43
4.1 Dental Microsurgery Technique and Ergonomics /43
4.1.1 Definition of Ergonomics /43
4.1.2 The Connection Between Dental Microsurgery
Technique and Ergonomics /43
4.1.3 Ergonomic Recommendations /43
4.2 Postures of Dental Microsurgery /44
4.2.1 Ergonomic Posture of Dental Microsurgery /44
4.3 Microscopic View of Each Tooth /46
4.3.1 Microscopic View of Maxillary Anterior Teeth /46
4.3.2 Microscopic View of Maxillary Posterior Teeth /47
4.3.3 Microscopic View of the Mandibular Anterior Teeth /49
4.3.4 Microscopic View of the Mandibular Posterior Teeth /50
4.4 Thoughts and Comments Regarding the Practice of Micro Prosthodontics /51
4.4.1 Using a Microscope Can Prolong the Career Longevity
of Dentists and Improve Clinical Results /51
4.4.2 Microscopy Does Not Mean Minimal Invasiveness /52
4.4.3 Application of Dental Microscope in Prosthodontics Teaching /53
4.4.4 “Five Difficulties” in the Practice and Teaching of Microscopic Prosthodontics /53
4.4.5 Consensus Should Be Achieved on MicroscopicProsthodontic Teaching /56
4.5 Summary and Prospect /57
Suggested Readings /57
Part II Sequential and Key Clinical Techniques
for Digital Micro Prosthodontics
5 Pain Management and Comfortable Treatment in Micro Prosthodontics /61
5.1 Local Anesthetics and Local Anesthesia Methods /61
5.1.1 How to Choose Local Anesthetics /61
5.1.2 How to Choose Local Anesthesia Method /62
5.1.3 How to Calculate Drug Dosage /64
5.1.4 Sedation /66
5.2 Clinical Operation Procedure /67
5.2.1 Evaluation and Preparation Before Anesthesia /67
5.2.2 Implementation of Anesthesia /68
5.2.3 Complications /69
5.3 Pain Control of Tooth Preparation /70
5.3.1 Principles and Mechanisms /70
5.3.2 Pain Control During and After Tooth Preparation /72
5.4 Pain Control of Dental Implantation /72
5.4.1 Principles and Mechanisms /72
5.4.2 Reasons for Pain after Dental Implantation /73
5.4.3 Pain Control After Dental Implantation /73
5.5 Summary and Prospect /74
Suggested Readings /74
6 Isolation of the Operative Field in Micro Prosthodontics: Practical Rubber Dam Technology /75
6.1 Rubber Dam and Accessories /75
6.1.1 Composition of Rubber Dam Kit /75
6.2 Basic Technology of Rubber Dam /77
6.2.1 Placement of Rubber Dam /77
6.2.2 Reminder for Rubber Dam Placement /79
6.3 Use of Rubber Dam in Special Situations /81
6.3.1 Gingival Sulcus Fluid or Saliva Microleakage /81
6.3.2 Large Defect of the Tooth or Poor Retention of the Crown /81
6.3.3 Isolation of PFM and Ceramic Crown /81
6.3.4 Isolation of Fixed Bridge Restoration /81
6.3.5 Tooth Neck Defect /81
6.3.6 Patients in Poor General Condition and Elderly Patients /81
6.4 Summary and Prospect /81
Suggested Readings /81
7 Introduction to Digital Micro Tooth Preparation Technology /83
7.1 Control of Tooth Preparation Amount /83
7.1.1 Biological Factor /84
7.1.2 Biochemical Factor /85
7.1.3 Esthetic and Functional Factor of Prosthesis /86
7.2 Control of the Preparation Shape /86
7.2.1 Requirements for the Shape of the Axial Surface of the Preparation /86
7.2.2 The Control of the Position and Shape of the Preparation’s Margin /87
7.3 Instrument Selection for Tooth Preparation /89
7.3.1 Types and Selection of Cutting Bur for Tooth Preparation /89
7.3.2 Types and Selection of Dental Handpiece and Motors /92
7.4 Application of TRS Guide in Tooth Preparation /94
7.4.1 Classification According to the Purpose of Use /94
7.4.2 Classification According to Manufacturing Technology /95
7.5 Classification and Characteristics of the Existing Micro
Tooth Preparation Techniques /96
7.5.1 Micro Groove Reference Tooth Preparation Technique /96
7.5.2 Micro Hole Reference Tooth Preparation Technique /99
7.6 Clinical Workflow and Preparation Method of High-Precision Margin /99
7.6.1 Three Determinations /100
7.6.2 Three Choices /101
7.6.3 Three Steps /102
7.7 Summary and Prospect /102
Suggested Readings /102
8 Digital Impression Technology /105
8.1 Classification and Characteristics of Digital Impression /105
8.1.1 Classification of Digital Impression /105
8.1.2 Characteristics of Digital Impression /108
8.2 Operation Procedure of Digital Intraoral Scanning System /109
8.2.1 Installation of Digital Intraoral Scanning System /109
8.2.2 Introduction to Home Page of Intraoral Scanning Software /109
8.2.3 Case Management in Intraoral Scanning Software /109
8.2.4 Scanning Scheme and Scan and Image
in Intraoral Scanning Software /111
8.2.5 Processing of Digital Intraoral Scanning Model /117
8.2.6 Storage and Export of Digital Intraoral Scanning Data /120
8.3 Common Problems and Solutions of Digital Impression /120
8.3.1 Common Problems and Solutions About Hardware /120
8.3.2 Common Problems and Solutions About Software /122
8.4 Summary and Prospect /123
Suggested Readings /123
9 Digital Depth-Hole-Guiding Micro Tooth Preparation for Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1 Overview and Indications of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.1 The Indications of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.2 The Characteristics of Porcelain Veneer /125
9.1.3 Materials of Porcelain Veneer /126
9.1.4 Types of Porcelain Veneer /126
9.2 Design of Targeted Restorative Space (TRS) and Porcelain
Veneer Preparation /128
9.2.1 TRS Design of Porcelain Veneer /128
9.2.2 Preparation Design of Porcelain Veneer /128
9.3 The Clinical Protocol of Micro Tooth Preparation
with Digital Guide for Porcelain Veneer /130
9.3.1 Veneer Preparation Using the Silicone Rubber Guide /130
9.3.2 Veneer Preparation Using the Transparent
Vacuum-Formed TRS Guide /136
9.3.3 Veneer Preparation Using 3D Printing TRS Guide /140
9.3.4 Finishing and Polishing /143
9.4 Gingival Retraction Technique Under a Microscope /143
9.4.1 Microscope Field of View for Gingival Retraction /145
9.4.2 The Procedure of Gingival Retraction Under a Microscope /145
9.5 Impression Making and Provisional Restoration /146
9.5.1 Impression Making /146
9.5.2 Provisional Restoration /146
9.6 Overview and Indications of Partial Porcelain Veneers /147
9.6.1 Indications and Contraindications of Partial Porcelain Veneer /147
9.6.2 Materials for Partial Porcelain Veneer /147
9.6.3 TRS Design for Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.4 Preparation Requirements for Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.5 Preparations for Tooth Preparation of Partial Porcelain Veneer /148
9.6.6 Preparation of Various Types of Dental Veneers /149
9.7 Summary and Prospect /151
Suggested Readings /151
Contents
xv
10 Digital Micro Tooth Preparation for Posterior Indirect
Adhesive Restorations /153
10.1 Overview of Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restorations /153
10.1.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of PIAR /153
10.1.2 Material Selection for PIAR /154
10.1.3 Types of PIAR /155
10.2 Preparation Design of Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restoration /155
10.2.1 The Amount of Preparation /155
10.2.2 The Principle of Posterior Indirect Adhesive
Restoration Preparation /156
10.3 Micro Preparation Protocol for Posterior Indirect Adhesive Restorations /159
10.3.1 Basic Principles of PIAR Preparation /159
10.3.2 Preparation Before Tooth Preparation /159
10.3.3 Preparation Process of Micro Preparation Guided by TRS Guide /159
10.3.4 Preparation for Single-Surface PIAR /161
10.3.5 Preparation for MO/DO PIAR /162
10.4 Summary and Prospect /163
Suggested Readings /164
11 Digital Depth-Hole-Guiding Micro Preparation for All-Ceramic Crown /165
11.1 Overview and Indications of All-CeramicCrown /165
11.1.1 Indications of All-Ceramic Crown /165
11.1.2 Contraindications of All-Ceramic Crown /166
11.2 Classification of All-Ceramic Material /166
11.2.1 Slip-Casting Ceramic /166
11.2.2 Castable Glass Ceramic /166
11.2.3 Pressed Castable Ceramic /167
11.2.4 Infiltrated Ceramic /167
11.2.5 Machinable Ceramic /167
11.2.6 Zirconia Ceramic or Zirconia-Toughened Ceramic /167
11.2.7 Nanocomposite Ceramic /168
11.2.8 Ceramic-Resin Composite /168
11.3 The Clinical Protocol of Digital Depth-Hole-GuidingMicro Tooth Preparation for All-Ceramic Crown /168
11.3.1 Analysis and Design Phase /168
11.3.2 Micro Tooth Preparation of Anterior Teeth
Under the Guidance of the Transparent
Vacuum-Formed TRS Guide /170
11.3.3 Micro Tooth Preparation of Anterior Teeth Under the Guidance of the 3D Printing TRS Guideof Non-uniform Thicknesses /173
11.3.4 Impression and Temporary Restoration /175
11.4 Summary and Prospect /177
Suggested Readings /178
12 Immediate Dentin Sealing and Micro Bonding /179
12.1 Overview and Mechanism of Adhesion /179
12.1.1 Concept of Adhesive /179
12.1.2 Mechanism of Adhesion /179
12.1.3 Type of Adhesives /180
12.1.4 Bonding of Enamel /181
12.1.5 Bonding of Dentin /182
12.1.6 Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) /184
12.1.7 The Treatments of the Ceramic Prosthesis /185
12.1.8 Cementing of Temporary Restorations /187
12.2 Micro Bonding Process of Zirconia- and Glass-Based Ceramics /188
12.2.1 Characteristics of Bonding of Different Restorative Materials /188
12.2.2 Surface Conditioning of Different Restorative Materials /189
12.2.3 Surface Conditioning of the Preparation (Abutment Tooth) Which Is to Be Repairedwith Different Restorative Materials /190
12.3 Micro Bonding Process of Porcelain Veneer /192
12.3.1 Selection of Adhesive Resin /192
12.3.2 Try-In and Preparation /192
12.3.3 Surface Conditioning of the Tooth /193
12.3.4 Surface Conditioning of the Porcelain Veneer /195
12.3.5 Placement /196
12.3.6 Occlusal Check and Adjustment /198
12.4 Micro Bonding Process of All-Ceramic Crown /199
12.4.1 Selection of Adhesive /199
12.4.2 Try-In and Preparation /199
12.4.3 Occlusal Check and Adjustment /199
12.4.4 Surface Conditioning of the Tooth Surface /199
12.4.5 Surface Conditioning of the All-Ceramic Crown /201
12.4.6 Placement /203
12.5 Summary and Prospect /204
Suggested Readings /206
Part III Complications and Treatment After Micro-prosthodontics
13 Complications and Treatment After Micro Prosthodontics /209
13.1 Routine Maintenance /209
13.1.1 Brush Teeth and Use Dental Floss Correctly /209
13.1.2 Receive Regular Scaling and Treatment
in Time If There Is Any Problem /209
13.1.3 Apply Fluoride and Prevent Secondary Caries /209
13.2 Complications and Treatment /209
13.2.1 Chipping Fracture of Porcelain /209
13.2.2 Porcelain Cracking /210
13.2.3 Debonding of Prosthesis /211
13.2.4 Dental Allergy /211
13.2.5 Abutment Fracture /211
13.2.6 Discoloration at the Margin of the Prosthesis /211
13.2.7 Dental Pulp Devitalization and Secondary Caries /212
13.3 Summary and Prospect /212
Suggested Readings /212
Part IV Clinical Rehabilitation of Secondary AestheticPorcelain Restoration
14 Decisions on Clinical Rehabilitation of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration /215
14.1 Possible Complications of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration /215
14.1.1 Hypersensitivity of Abutment Teeth /215
14.1.2 Spontaneous Pain of Abutment Teeth /215
14.1.3 Loosening, Cracking and Discolouration of Abutment Teeth /216
14.1.4 Occurrence of Exacerbation of Periodontal Disease /216
14.1.5 Discolouration of Restoration /216
14.1.6 Loosening and Falling Off of Restoration /216
14.1.7 Cracking, Breaking and Perforation of Restoration /216
14.1.8 Dysfunction and Psychological Problems /217
14.2 Clinical Decision Tree of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain
Restoration Guided by TRS Guide /217
14.2.1 Psychological Evaluation /217
14.2.2 Previous Treatment Evaluation /218
14.2.3 Prosthodontic Decision After Removing
the Old Restoration /219
14.3 Typical Cases of Secondary Porcelain Aesthetic Repair and Retreatment /220
14.3.1 Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Area /220
14.4 Summary and Prospect /272
Suggested Readings /274
15 Occlusal Reconstruction Under the Guidance of Target Restorative Space /275
15.1 Comprehensive Assessment Before Occlusal Reconstruction /275
15.1.1 Clinical Consultation and Risk Assessment /275
15.1.2 Examination of the Oral and Maxillofacial System /275
15.1.3 Radiographic Examination /277
15.1.4 Mounting of Diagnosis Casts onto the Articulator /277
15.2 Typical Cases of Occlusion Reconstruction Aided by the TRS Guide /277
15.2.1 A Case of Secondary Aesthetic and Functional Porcelain Restoration of Maxillae and Mandible Aided by TRS Guide /278
15.2.2 A Case of Secondary Aesthetic Porcelain Restoration of Maxillae and Mandible Aided by TRS Guide /285
15.2.3 A Case of Occlusal Reconstruction Restored by Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis with the Aid of Whole-ProcessDigital Guidance /300
15.3 Clinical Application of Occlusion Adjusting Guidein Occlusal Reconstruction /317
15.3.1 Digital Clinical Workflow of Occlusion Reconstructionfor Cases with Insufficient Occlusal Space /318
15.3.2 A Clinical Case of Designing Occlusion Adjusting Guide /322
15.4 Summary and Prospect /334
Suggested Readings /334
16 Cases of Digital Micro Prosthodontics Guided by Target Restorative Space /337
16.1 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Guided by Wax-Up Surface /337
16.1.1 A Case of Crown Lengthening Combining with Porcelain Veneer Restoration of Maxillary Anterior Tooth Guided by Mock-Up Surface /337
16.2 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Guided by Silicone Index /344
16.2.1 A Case of All-Ceramic Crown of Maxillary AnteriorTooth with ETRS Guided by Silicone Index /344
16.3 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /347
16.3.1 A Case of Digital Micro Restoration of Traumatic Maxillary Anterior Tooth with Ceramic Veneer Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /347
16.3.2 A Case of Porcelain Inlay Restoration of Elongated and Rotated Maxillary Anterior Teeth Aidedby Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /359
16.3.3 A Case of Porcelain Inlay Restoration of Defected Upper Anterior Teeth Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /369
16.3.4 A Case of Porcelain Veneer Restoration of Maxillary and Mandibular Tetracycline Teeth Aided by Transparent Dental Membrane TRS Guide /381
16.4 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Uniform Thickness /393
16.4.1 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Restorations of Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Tooth with Exogenous Severe Erosion and Extensive Caries Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Uniform Thickness /393
16.5 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /410
16.5.1 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Crown of Maxillary Rotated Anterior Tooth Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /410
16.5.2 A Case of Digital All-Ceramic Veneer of Maxillary Anterior Dental Fluorosis Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /417
16.5.3 A Case of Immediate Restoration of Prefabricated Crown Aided by 3D Printing TRS Guide with Non-uniform Thickness /427
16.6 Typical Cases of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Two-in-One TRS Guide for Implant Surgery and Tooth Preparation /436
16.6.1 A Case of Digital Micro Restoration Aided by Two-in-One TRS Guide for Implant Surgery and Tooth Preparation /436
16.7 Summary and Prospect /452
Suggested Readings /452
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