国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上、下卷 导读注释版）

　　《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》，简称《国富论》，为亚当·斯密亲赴欧洲各地考察，于1776年发表的一部改变人类历史的创世巨著。他总结了近代各国资本主义的发展经验，批判地吸纳了它之前的重要经济理论，对国民经济的运行过程做了系统的整体描述，是现代经济学的集大成之作。本书第一篇论述劳动、劳动产品分配到社会各阶层的自然顺序；第二篇论述资本的性质、逐渐积累资本的方法及资本用途与其所推动的劳动量的关系；第三篇论述不同国家对于劳动的一般管理或指导的不同计划及其原因；第四篇论述因管理劳动的计划不同而引起的各种经济学说，并阐明这些学说所产生的重要影响；第五篇论述君主或国家的收入和开支。

　　亚当·斯密，英国著名政治经济学家、哲学家，英国古典经济学体系的创立者、举世公认的现代经济学之父，同时也是苏格兰启蒙运动的重要人物之一。严辰松，解放军洛阳外国语学院英语教授，博士生导师，中国外语类核心期刊《解放军外国语学院学报》主编，中国英汉语比较研究会副会长。

导读
Introduction and Plan of the Work....................................................
Book One: Of The Causes Of Improvement In The Productive Powers Of Labour, And Of The Order According To Which Its Produce Is Naturally distributed among the different Ranks of the People…………………………………………….
Chapter I. Of the Division of Labour……………………………….
Chapter II. Of the Principle which gives occasion to the Division of Labour…………….
Chapter III. That the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent to the Market…………….
Chapter IV. Of the Origin and Use of Money………………………………………..
ChapterV. Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or their Price in Labour, and their Price in Money……………………………………….
ChapterVI. Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities……………………….
ChapterVII. Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities……………………………
ChapterVIII. Of the Wages of Labour………………………………………………………..
Chapter IX. Of the Profits of Stock…………………………………………………………..
Chapter X. Of Wages and Profit in the different Employments of Labour and Stock……………
PART 1 Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments themselves………….
PART 2 Inequalities by the Policy of Europe……………………………………
Chapter XI. Of the Rent of Land.....................................................
         PART 1 Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent……………………………
         PART 2 Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent……………………………………………………
         PART 3 Of the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that Sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does and sometimes does not afford Rent…………………………………..
Digression Concerning The Variations In The Value Of Silver
During The Course Of The Four Last Centuries.....................................
First Period..........................................................................................
Second Period......................................................................................
Third Period.......................................................................................
Variations In The Proportion Between The Respective Values………………….
Of Gold And Silver……………………………………………………………
Grounds Of The Suspicion That The Value Of Silver Still Continues To Decrease…….
Different Effects Of The Progress Of Improvement Upon Three Different Sorts Of Rude Produce…………………………….
First Sort……………………………………….
Second Sort..........................................................
Third Sort.............................................................
Conclusion Of The Digression Concerning The Variations In The Value Of Silver.........
Effects Of The Progress Of Improvement Upon The Real Price Of Manufactures...........
Conclusion Of The Chapter...................................
Book Two: Of the Nature, Accumulation, and Employment of Stock……………………….
Chapter I. Of the Division of Stock..................................................
Chapter II. Of Money Considered as a Particular Branch of the General Stock of the Society, or of the Expense of Maintaining the National Capital................
Chapter III. Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive and Unproductive Labour………..
Chapter IV. Of Stock Lent at Interest......................................................
Chapter V. Of the Different Employment of Capitals............................... 
Book Three: Of the Different Progress of Opulence in Different Nations.........................................
Chapter I. Of the Natural Progress of Opulence...................................................
Chapter II. Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancient State of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire...........................
Chapter III. Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns after the Fall of the Roman Empire........
Chapter IV. How the Commerce of the Towns Contributed to the Improvement of the Country........
Book Four: Of Systems of Political Economy..............................
Introduction........................................
Chapter I. Of the Principle of the Commercial, or Mercantile System.......................... 
Chapter II. Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be produced at Home.........................................................................................
Chapter III. Of the extraordinary Restraints upon the Importation of Goods of almost all kinds from those Countries with which the Balance is supposed to be disadvantageous........
          PART 1. Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints even upon the Principles of the Commercial System……………………………………….
Digression Concerning Banks Of Deposit, Particularly Concerning That Of Amsterdam…………………………..
PART 2. Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints upon other Principles……………………………
Chapter IV. Of Drawbacks......................................................
Chapter V. Of Bounties..........................................................
DIGRESSION CONCERNING THE CORN TRADE AND CORN LAWS...................
Chapter VI. Of Treaties of Commerce........................................
Chapter VII. Of Colonies.............................................................
          PART 1. Of the Motives for establishing new Colonies……………………..
          PART 2. Causes of Prosperity of New Colonies......................................
           PART 3. Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope...................................
Chapter VIII. Conclusion of the Mercantile System......................................
Chapter IX. Of the Agricultural Systems, or of those Systems of Political Economy which represent the Produce of Land as either the sole or the principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of every Country........................
Appendix..............................................................................................
Book Five: Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth........................................
Chapter I. Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth..............................................
PART1. Of the Expense of Defence........................................................
PART 2. Of the Expense of Justice.......................................................
PART3. Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions............................
ARTICLE 1. Of the Public Works and Institutions for facilitating the Commerce of the Society……………………………
Of those which are necessary for facilitating Commerce in general..........
Of the Public Works and Institutions which are necessary for facilitating particular Branches of Commerce..............................
ARTICLE II. Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Education of Youth.............
ARTICLE III. Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Instruction of People of all Ages............................
PART 4. Of the Expense of Supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign.......................
CONCLUSION.............................................................
Chapter II. Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society.................................
PART 1. Of the Funds or Sources of Revenue which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth......................................
PART 2. Of Taxes.......................................................................
ARTICLE I. Taxes upon Rent; Taxes upon the Rent of Land.................
Taxes which are proportioned, not to the Rent, but to the Produce of Land.................................................
Taxes upon the Rent of Houses................................................
ARTICLE II. Taxes on Profit, or upon the Revenue arising from Stock……..
            Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments................
Appendix to ARTICLES I and II. Taxes upon the Capital Value of Land, Houses, and Stock........................
ARTICLE III. Taxes upon the Wages of Labour...........................................
ARTICLEIV. Taxes which, it is intended, should fall in differently upon every different Species of Revenue................................
            Capitation Taxes......................................
            Taxes upon Consumable Commodities..................................
Chapter III. Of Public Debts.............................................                                                                                                        
术语汇编与简释