This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition， ICAPR 2001， held in Rio de Janeiro， Brazil in March 2001.The 40 revised full papers presented together with three invited papers and two tutorial presentations were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The book is organized in topical sections on neural networks and computational intelligence， character recognition and document analysis， feature selection and analysis， pattern recognition and classification， image and signal processing applications， and image feature analysis and retrieval.

This book constitutes the carefully refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing， PARA'98， held in Umea， Sweden， in June 1998.The 75 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers address a variety of topics in large scale scientific and industrial-strength computing， in particular high-performance computing and networking; tools， languages， and environments for parallel processing; scientific visualization and virtual reality; and future directions in high-performance computing and communication.

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本书根据1977年至20山年30多年间中学生平面几何教学问题和习作笔记，参考俄、英、美、日等国中学平面几何教学经验和课外读物，编写的中学生数学课外读物，在平面内以证明线段相等为主线，分14类介绍常见平面几何题目的证明或解答。

本书共分为六章和三个附录，介绍了“几何画板”软件的基本特色、有关操作约定及如何进行“几何画板”的用户参数设置外，主要以范例的形式介绍如何用几何画板制作课件等内容。

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In this book， the author develops a generative theory of shape with two properties fundamental to intelligence： maximizing transfer of structure， and maximizing recoverability of generative operations. The theory is applied in considerable detail to CAD， perception， and robotics. A significant aspect of this book is the development of an object-oriented theory of geometry. This includes a group-theoretic formulation of object-oriented inheritance. In particular， a class of groups is developed called "unfolding groups"， which define any complex shape as unfolded from a maximally collapsed version of itself called an "alignment kernel". The group is decomposed into levels corresponding to the inheritance hierarchy within the complex object. This achieves one of the main goals of the theory - the conversion of complexity into understandability. The advantages of the theory are demonstrated with lengthy studies of robot manipulators， perceptual organization， constructive solid geometry， assembly planning， architectural CAD， and mechanical CAD/CAM.

本书将向介绍10种解图形题的分析思考方法。它们像10把钥匙，好让你打开“几何王国”的大门。伟大的科学家富兰克林又说过：“懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体。经常用的钥匙总是亮闪闪的。”有了钥匙，就要经常用。基于此，这本书里介绍的每一种分析思考方法后面，都附有思考性较强的例题和习题。请你先认真看懂例题，边看边想，掌握分析思考方法，然后再做练习，试试一你能不能用这把“钥匙”去“开门”。“几何王国”既是一个神奇的世界，也是一个创造者的乐园。通过思考、解题、探索，你一定会领略到数学大花园的千姿百态，体味到数学思想的灵巧和美妙！

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全书共分8章，每章均设了6个板块，即按照内容提要，知识结构图，教学要求、重点、难点及考点，典型题解析，课后习题选解，学习效果测试及答案等6个部分来编写，旨在帮助读者掌握课程重点、难点，学会分析方法，提高解题能力，为考研的读者提供帮助，同时可为教师教学提供参考。本书可作为高等农林院校各专业本、专科生的课程辅导及应试参考书，也可作为报考硕士研究生的考生进行强化训练的指导书。