可压缩流体气动力学讲义（英文版）

　　本书为钱学森1947—1949年在麻省理工学院航空系教授可压缩流体气动力学课程的讲义，体现了当时前沿的空气动力学水平。全书共分19章。第1～4章为基本原理，给出可压缩流描述的基本参数和基本原则。第5～11章讨论相对简单的各种类型二维流动，从不可压无旋流动开始，到亚、跨、超、高超声速的各种处理方法，包括速度图法、相似律、线性化理论等。第12～16章针对不同翼型不同流速进行三维分析。第17～19章集中于黏性效应，涉及流体的黏性，速度与温度边界层、边界层与激波相互作用等。本书数学推导精致、内容翔实、物理概念明晰，在讲解理论知识的同时还传授了如何把握物理本质、建立数学模型的理念和方法。这对于当今工程或技术科学的学者仍具有现实意义。

暂缺《可压缩流体气动力学讲义（英文版）》作者简介

DIVISION ONEFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Chapter 1Parameters in   Compressible Flow００3
1.1Velocity of Sound and Mach Number００3
1.2Viscosity, Reynolds Number００4
1.3Heat Conduction, Prandtl Number００5
1.4Property of Gas, Ratio of Specific Heat００6
1.5Similarity of Flows００6
Chapter 2Steady OneDimensional  Motion of a Perfect Compressible Fluid００8
2.1Thermodynamic Relations, and Energy Equation００8
2.2Perfect Gas Relations０10
2.3Flow Area, Conditions at the Throat０13
2.4Flow Through a De Laval Nozzle０15
2.5Pressure and Velocity Relations in Isentropic Flow０15
Chapter 3Shock Wave０19
3.1Relation of Quantities in front and behind the Shock０19
3.2Thickness of Shock０23
3.3Creation of Shock from Finite Compression Disturbances０25
3.4Oblique Shock０29
3.5Flow over a Wedge０33
3.6Pitot Tube０34
AppendixThe Concept of Entropy and the Second Law of  Thermodynamics０36
Chapter 4Basic Equations of Motion of a Compressible, Inviscid and 
NonHeat Conducting Fluid０38
4.1General Equations０38
4.2Kelvin Theorem０42
4.3Helmholtz Theorem０44
4.4Steady TwoDimensional Rotational Flow — Detached Shock０46
4.5Nonsteady Irrotational Flow０50
4.6Method of Approximate Solution of Irrotational Subsonic  Isentropic Flow０51
AppendixVector Differentiation０53
DIVISION TWOTWODIMENSIONAL FLOWS
Chapter 5RayleighJanzen Method０59
5.1General Equations０59
5.2Solution by means of Complex Variables０61
5.3Flow around a Circular Cylinder０64
5.4Pressure Coefficient as a Series of Ma02０68
5.5Higher Order of Approximation for the Circular Cylinder０69
Bibliography０70
Chapter 6PrandtlGlauert Method０72
6.1Basic Equations for Iteration０72
6.2First Approximation — PrandtlGlauert Rule０76
6.3First Approximation, Using Velocity Potential０78
6.4Higher Approximations０80
Bibliography０81
Chapter 7Hodograph Method and  KrmnTsien Approximation０83
7.1Basic Equations in Hodograph Variables０84
7.2Formulation of Problem in Hodograph Plane０89
7.3KrmnTsien Approximation０90
7.4Velocity and Pressure Correction Formulae０93
7.5Coordinate Correction０96
7.6Application to the Flow around an Elliptic Cylinder０98
7.7Further Development of KrmnTsien Approximation102
Bibliography102
Chapter 8
Velocity and Pressure  Correction Formulae104
8.1Correction for Boundary Effects in Subsonic Flow104
8.2Limitations of the Correction Formulae107
8.3The Recommended Correction Formulae110
Bibliography113
Chapter 9Exact Solution of Isentropic  Irrotational Flow114
9.1Flow with 180° Turn114
9.2Limiting Line119
9.3Breakdown of Potential Flow121
9.4General Exact Solutions123
Bibliography125
Chapter 10
TwoDimensional  Supersonic Flows127
10.1The Lost Solution127
10.2PrandtlMeyer Flow130
10.3Flow over an Airfoil131
10.4Ackerets Formulae134
10.5Further Remarks136
Bibliography136
Chapter 11
Transonic and Hypersonic  Similarity Laws138
11.1Transonic Flow Equation138
11.2Transonic Similarity Law142
11.3Slightly Supersonic Flow143
11.4Hypersonic Flows and Similarity Laws148
Bibliography152
Chapter 12Linearized Theory of Flow over a Slender Body of Revolution153
12.1Subsonic Flows with Axial Symmetry153
12.2Linearized Subsonic Flow154
12.3Subsonic Flow over a Slender Ellipsoid of Revolution157
12.4Supersonic Flow over a Slender Body of Revolution159
12.5Pressure Distribution163
12.6Wave Drag165
12.7Origin of Wave Drag — Transfer of Momentum167
12.8Body of Minimum Wave Drag168
12.9Lift of a Body of Revolution171
Bibliography174
Appendix175
CHAPTER 13
NonLinear Theory of  Axially Symmetric Flows176
13.1Transonic Similarity Law176
13.2Hypersonic Similarity Law179
13.3“Lost Solution” of the Exact Equation181
13.4Exact Solution for Flow over a Cone182
Bibliography184
Chapter 14
Similarity Laws for  
Wings of Finite Span186
14.1Similarity Law in Subsonic Flow186
14.2Similarity Law in Transonic Flow190
14.3Similarity Laws in Supersonic Flow193
14.4Similarity Laws in Hypersonic Flow194
Chapter 15
Rectangular Wing in  Supersonic Flow197
15.1Source and Doublet Distribution197
15.2General Relation Between Source Distribution and Thickness Distribution of the 
Wing201
15.3Rectangular Wing at Zero Angle of Attack — Drag Problem203
15.4Drag of Rectangular Wing at Very Small Aspect Ratio 207
15.5Lift Problem of a Rectangular Flat Plate208
15.6General Relation Between the Doublet Distribution and the Lift 
Distribution214
15.7Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Rectangular Wing215
Appendix218
Chapter 16
Linearized Supersonic  Wing Theory219
16.1Swept Wings of Infinite Span219
16.2Triangular Source Distribution221
16.3Arrowhead Wings224
16.4Reverse Flow Theorems228
16.5Conditions of the Edges of a Wing230
16.6Flow behind the Wing232
Bibliography233
Chapter 17Flow of a Viscous  Compressible Fluid237
17.1Stresses and their Equations of Transformation237
17.2Rates of Strain and their Equations of Transformation239
17.3Relation between Stress and Rate of Strain241
17.4Justification of the StressStrain Relation244
17.5NavierStokes Equations246
17.6Energy Equation248
Chapter 18Boundary Layer251
18.1Boundary Layer Equations251
18.2Steady Flow in Boundary Layer and TemperatureVelocity  Relation254
18.3Boundary Layer without Pressure Gradient257
18.4Approximate Solution of Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate259
18.5Cooling by Radiation262
18.6Steady Boundary Layer over a Body of Revolution263
18.7Integral Theorems267
18.8Stability of Laminar Boundary Layer and Turbulent Boundary  Layer 270
Bibliography271
Chapter 19
Interaction of Boundary  Layer and Shock273
19.1The λShock and the Simple Shock273
19.2Applications of the Concept of Softening of Shock275
Bibliography276
Appendix AProblems277
Appendix BExam283