金枝（导读注释版）

　　《金枝》系弗雷泽的代表作之一。该书基于世界各地相关材料分析，揭示了人类思想活动经由“巫术—宗教—科学”的更迭模式及其逻辑规律，提出了“巫术先于宗教”的著名论断，并运用历史比较法，系统梳理，抽绎出了巫术与宗教的严整体系，重新建构了“原始社会”的图景。文笔清丽，义理明畅，读之不忍释卷。该书影响巨大，不囿于人类学，对西方文学颇具推动力，催生了现代主义的原始情绪，对现当代的人类学研究具有不可替代的作用和意义。

　　詹姆斯·乔治·弗雷泽，英国著名的人类学家、宗教历史学、民俗学家，一生极为勤奋，著有：《图腾信仰》《图腾信仰与异族通婚》《金枝》《永生的信仰和对死者的崇拜》《原始宗教中的死亡恐惧》等。当时人们是这样评价他的：“将来后代评价我们这一代人的工作时，只要开出詹姆斯？弗雷泽的著作目录来，就足以驳回关于我们无能的指责。”

导 读

— 001 —

PREFACE

— 001 —

CHAPTER I　THE KING OF THE WOOD

— 003 — 

§1. Diana and Virbius. 

— 003 — 

§2. Artemis and Hippolytus. 

— 014 — 

§3. Recapitulation. 

— 016 —

CHAPTER II　PRIESTLY KINGS

— 019 —

CHAPTER III　SYMPATHETIC MAGIC

— 023 — 

§1. The Principles of Magic. 

— 023 — 

§2. Homoeopathic or Imitative Magic. 

— 026 — 

§3. Contagious Magic. 

— 067 —

§4. The Magician’s Progress. 

— 080 —

CHAPTER IV　MAGIC AND RELIGION

— 086 —

…………

 

§3. The Transference to Men. 

— 913 — 

§4. The Transference of Evil in Europe. 

— 915 —

CHAPTER LVI　THE PUBLIC EXPULSION OF EVILS

— 921 — 

§1. The Omnipresence of Demons. 

— 921 — 

§2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils. 

— 922 — 

§3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils. 

— 928 —

CHAPTER LVII　PUBLIC SCAPEGOATS

— 946 —

§1. The Expulsion of Embodied Evils. 

— 946 — 

§2. The Occasional Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle. 

— 948 — 

§3. The Periodic Expulsion of Evils in a Material Vehicle. 

— 952 — 

§4. On Scapegoats in General. 

— 965 —

CHAPTER LVIII　HUMAN SCAPEGOATS IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

— 970 — 

§1. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Rome. 

— 970 — 

§2. The Human Scapegoat in Ancient Greece. 

— 971 — 

§3. The Roman Saturnalia. 

— 979 —

CHAPTER LIX　KILLING THE GOD IN MEXICO

— 986 —

CHAPTER LX　BETWEEN HEAVEN AND EARTH

— 995 — 

§1. Not to touch the Earth. 

— 995 — 

§2. Not to see the Sun. 

— 999 — 

§3. The Seclusion of Girls at Puberty. 

— 1000 — 

§4. Reasons for the Seclusion of Girls at Puberty. 

— 1012 —

CHAPTER LXI　THE MYTH OF BALDER

— 1019 —

CHAPTER LXII　THE FIRE-FESTIVALS OF EUROPE

— 1022 — 

§1. The Fire-festivals in general. 

— 1022 — 

§2. The Lenten Fires. 

— 1023 — 

§3. The Easter Fires. 

— 1031 — 

§4. The Beltane Fires. 

— 1035 — 

§5. The Midsummer Fires. 

— 1042 — 

§6. The Hallowe’en Fires. 

— 1059 — 

§7. The Midwinter Fires. 

— 1065 — 

§8. The Need-fire. 

— 1068 —

CHAPTER LXIII　THE INTERPRETATION OF THE FIRE- FESTIVALS

— 1074 — 

§1. On the Fire-festivals in general. 

— 1074 — 

§2. The Solar Theory of the Fire-festivals. 

— 1076 — 

§3. The Purificatory Theory of the Fire-festivals. 

— 1083 —

CHAPTER LXIV　THE BURNING OF HUMAN BEINGS IN THE FIRES

— 1088 — 

§I. The Burning of Effigies in the Fires. 

— 1088 — 

§2. The Burning of Men and Animals in the Fires. 

— 1090 —

CHAPTER LXV　BALDER AND THE MISTLETOE

— 1102 —

CHAPTER LXVI　THE EXTERNAL SOUL IN FOLK-TALES

— 1117 —

CHAPTER LXVII　THE EXTERNAL SOUL IN FOLK-CUSTOM

— 1135 — 

§1. The External Soul in Inanimate Things. 

— 1135 — 

§2. The External Soul in Plants. 

— 1139 — 

§3. The External Soul in Animals. 

— 1141 — 

§4. The Ritual of Death and Resurrection. 

— 1155 —

CHAPTER LXVIII　THE GOLDEN BOUGH

— 1169 —

CHAPTER LXIX　FAREWELL TO NEMI

— 1184 —

术语汇编与简释

— 1191 —