2021 心理学考研大纲解析（上）

　　本书包含科目：心理学导论、社会心理学、发展心理学、教育心理学、实验心理学、心理统计学、心理测量学七个部分。本书特色如下：第一，对心理学的经典案例进行讲解；第二，力求用言简意赅的语言进行表达，以助于考生有效地进行理解、记忆，并形成有效稳固的知识结构；第三，知识广度和深度力争全面、系统，以大纲为主线，但又不完全拘泥于大纲，结合当今心理学状况及命题规律，补充了一些基础概念和理论，旨在形成更加全面系统的辅导教程。从这个角度讲，本教程不仅适合学术统考的考生，也适合非统考及应用心理专业硕士的考生。

　　凉音 重点高校心理学教师，硕士毕业于北京师范大学心理学院，创立了MASP真题研究法，现为众学简快首席讲师。其主编的《心理学考研逻辑图》《心理学考研大纲解析》《心理学考研背诵手册》等考研书籍受到广大考生的好评，几乎心理学考研人人手一本；其课程幽默风趣，条理清楚，擅长将复杂、难懂的心理学知识以深入浅出的方式讲授出来，深受学生的喜爱。联系方式：凉音psy（新浪微博）。 今赞 心理学考研黄皮书系列图书主编、二级心理咨询师、众学简快教研总监，硕士毕业于湖南师范大学。在从事心理学培训及教辅资料研发期间，研读了数百本不同科目版本的教材和历年全国多所院校的心理学考研真题，创立了模块教学法、考点分析法等，善于分析心理学考研的命题特点，对心理学考研的高频考点及命题思路有独特的见解和专业的眼光，能帮助考生进行高效的备考。联系方式：心理学今赞（新浪微博）.

第一部分 普通心理学······················································································1

第一章 心理学概述 ·································································································· 4

第二章 心理与行为的生物学基础 ········································································ 16

第三章 意识和注意 ································································································ 24

第四章 感觉 ············································································································ 37

第五章 知觉 ············································································································ 49

第六章 记忆 ············································································································ 64

第七章 思维 ············································································································ 80

第八章 言语 ············································································································ 99

第九章 情绪和情感 ······························································································ 107

第十章 动机、需要与意志 ·················································································· 115

第十一章 能力 ······································································································ 124

第十二章 人格 ······································································································ 133

第二部分 社会心理学··················································································147

第一章 社会认知 ·································································································· 149

第二章 社会关系 ·································································································· 165

第三章 社会影响 ·································································································· 182

第四章 应用 ·········································································································· 199

第三部分 发展心理学··················································································211

第一章 发展心理学概述 ······················································································ 214

第二章 心理发展的基本理论 ·············································································· 219

第三章 心理发展的生物学基础与胎儿发育 ······················································ 231

第四章 婴儿心理发展 ·························································································· 234

第五章 幼儿心理发展 ·························································································· 247

第六章 童年期儿童的心理发展 ·········································································· 263

第七章 青少年的心理发展 ·················································································· 273

第八章 成年期心理发展 ······················································································ 281

第四部分 教育心理学··················································································289

第一章 教育心理学概述 ······················································································ 292

第二章 学习与心理发展 ······················································································ 295

第三章 学习理论 ·································································································· 300

第四章 学习动机 ·································································································· 320

第五章 知识的学习 ······························································································ 326

第五部分 实验心理学··················································································343

第一章 实验心理学概述 ······················································································ 346

第二章 心理学实验的变量与设计 ······································································ 352

第三章 反应时法 ·································································································· 374

第四章 心理物理学方法 ······················································································ 386

第五章 主要的心理学实验 ·················································································· 400

第六部分 心理统计学··················································································441

统计学的基本概念 ·································································································· 444

第一章 描述统计 ·································································································· 446

第二章 推断统计 ·································································································· 461

第七部分 心理测量学··················································································501

第一章 心理测量概述 ·························································································· 504

第二章 心理测量的基本理论 ·············································································· 510

第三章 项目反应理论 ·························································································· 526

第四章 概化理论 ·································································································· 530

第五章 心理测量的编制技术 ·············································································· 532

第六章 心理测验的施测 ······················································································ 537

第七章 测验常模 ·································································································· 540

第八章 标准参照测验 ·························································································· 545

第九章 常用心理测验 ·························································································· 549

第十章 心理测验的应用 ······················································································ 560

附录 全国硕士研究生招生考试心理学专业基础综合考试大纲··············562

参考文献 ······································································································581