新托福110必备词汇（第二版）

　　《新托福110必备词汇》完全按照TPO顺序编排，新版内容放在纸质书，旧版内容放在本书附赠音频二维码。考生可以根据目录寻找自己所需要对照的TPO真题。在每套真题下面是文章的题目，便于考生查找。单词的释义结合阅读文章的含义给出，更贴合考试，同时参考TOEFL官方指定的《韦氏大学词典》（Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary）以及《美国传统字典》（American Heritage Dictionary），旨在帮助考生攻克托福考试的同时，养成英文思维的习惯。英文释义中加粗和画横线的部分为该词的核心意思或者考法，也是该词在托福考试里经常出现的词汇题答案所在，为考生重点掌握的内容。近义词一般为新托福考查的词汇题目，参照历年托福真题出现的频率，也是考生应该重点掌握的内容。单词为对应的TPO文章或者题目出现的词汇，从A到Z排序，方便考生查找，个别词汇可能会和别的TPO出现的词汇重复，这是因为考虑到考生可能先选择TPO进行训练，每一套TPO词汇为独立内容。

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TPO 30 /1
Passage 1 Role of Play in Development /1
Passage 2 The Pace of Evolutionary Change /7
Passage 3 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock /13
TPO 31 /19
Passage 1 Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations /19
Passage 2 Early Childhood Education /21
Passage 3 Savanna Foemation /24
TPO 32 /29
Passage 1 Plant Colonization /29
Passage 2 Siam， 1851―1910 /31
Passage 3 Distributions of Tropical Bee Colonies /34
TPO 33 /38
Passage 1 The First Civilizations /38
Passage 2 Railroad and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-century United States /45
Passage 3 Extinction Episodes of the Past /50
TPO 34 /57
Passage 1 Islamic Art and the Book /57
Passage 2 The Development of Steam Power /62
Passage 3 Protection of Plants by Insects /67
TPO 35 /74
Passage 1 Earth’s Age /74
Passage 2 The Development of Social Complexity /80
Passage 3 Seasonal Succession in Phytoplankton /86
TPO 36 /93
Passage 1 Soil Formation /93
Passage 2 Early Ideas About Deep-sea Biology /99
Passage 3 Industrial Melanism： the Case of the Peppered Moth /106
TPO 37 /112
Passage 1 Thales and the Milesians /112
Passage 2 Direct Species Translocation /117
Passage 3 Modern Architecture in the United States /126
TPO 38 /135
Passage 1 Microscopes /135
Passage 2 The Raccoons’s Success /141
Passage 3 Transgenic Plants /148
TPO 39 /158
Passage 1 Early Writing Systems /158
Passage 2 The Extinction of Moa /161
Passage 3 Forest Fire Suppression /164
TPO 40 /168
Passage 1 Ancient Athens /168
Passage 2 Latitude and Biodiversity /170
Passage 3 Amphibian Thermoregulation /172
TPO 41 /175
Passage 1 Navajo Art /175
Passage 2 Climate of Venus /177
Passage 3 Trade and Early State Formation /179
TPO 42 /183
Passage 1 Geographic Isolation of Species /183
Passage 2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction /185
Passage 3 Callisto and Ganymede /187
TPO 43 /190
Passage 1 The Empire of Alexander the Great /190
Passage 2 The Origin of Petroleum /194
Passage 3 El Nino /198
TPO 44 /201
Passage 1 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates /201
Passage 2 The Use of the Camera Obscura /205
Passage 3 Seagrasses /208
TPO 45 /211
Passage 1 Microscopes the Beringia Landscape /211
Passage 2 Wind Pollination /216
Passage 3 Feeding Strategies in the Ocean /220
TPO 46 /224
Passage 1 The Origins of Writing /224
Passage 2 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe /228
Passage 3 Ecosystem Diversity and Stability /232
TPO 47 /236
Passage 1 Roman Cultural Influence on Britain /236
Passage 2 Termite Ingenuity /239
Passage 3 Coral Reefs /241
TPO 48 /244
Passage 1 Chinese Population Growth /244
Passage 2 Determining Dinosaur Diet /247
Passage 3 Climate and Urban Development /251
TPO 49 /255
Passage 1 Ancient Coastlines /255
Passage 2 Movable Type /257
Passage 3 Background for the Industrial Revolution /259
TPO 50 /263
Passage 1 American Railroads /263
Passage 2 The Achievement of Brazilian Independence /266
Passage 3 Star Death /270
TPO 51 /274
Passage 1 Memphis： United Egypt’s First Capital /274
Passage 2 Surface Fluids on Venus and Earth /278
Passage 3 Population Growth in Nineteenth-century Europe /281
TPO 52 /286
Passage 1 Stream Deposits /286
Passage 2 Natufian Culture /289
Passage 3 Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa /292
TPO 53 /296
Passage 1 Questions About a Drama Class /296
Passage 2 Sounds in the Film /300
Passage 3 Paleolithic Cave Paintings /303
TPO 54 /308
Passage 1 The Commercialization of Lumber /308
Passage 2 Overkill of the North American Megafauna /311
Passage 3 Elements of Life /314