海森堡量子物理原理

　　《海森堡量子物理原理》是量子理论的一本经典著作，由量子力学的主要创始人沃纳·海森堡亲著，海森堡因创立量子力学获得了1932年诺贝尔物理学奖。书中阐述了量子理论的物理意义，特别着重于粒子图像和波动图像的等价性，讨论了“测不准原理”（又称“海森堡不确定性原理”）对统一这两种图像的意义和必要性。书中有不少内容是海森堡独到的见解，特别是对哥本哈根学派的观点和思想作了完整论述，是这一学派的一本代表作，它对我们了解量子理论的发展历史很有参考价值。尽管现在量子物理已有了更深入的发展，但海森堡作为量子力学创始人在本书中所阐述的一些观点和内容，对我们加深对量子理论的理解仍有极高的价值。

　　沃纳·卡尔·海森堡（Werner Karl Heisenberg，1901年12月5日—1976年2月1日），德国著名物理学家，量子力学的主要创始人，哥本哈根学派的代表人物，1932年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。他对物理学的主要贡献是给出了量子力学的矩阵形式（矩阵力学），提出了“测不准原理”（又称“海森堡不确定性原理”）和S矩阵理论等。

FOREWORD BY ARTHUR H. COMPTON
PREFACE
I. INTRODUCTORY
1. Theory and Experiment
2. The Fundamental Concepts of Quantum Theory
a) Wilson Photographs
b) Diffraction of Matter Waves (Davisson and Germer, Thomson, Rupp)
c) The Diffraction of X-Rays
d) The Compton-Simon Experiment
e) The Collision Experiments of Franck and Hertz
II. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE CORPUSCULAR THEORY
1. The Uncertainty Relations
2. Illustrations of the Uncertainty Relations
a) Determination of the Position of a Free Particle
b) Measurement of the Velocity or Momentum of a Free Particle
c) Bound Electrons
d) Energy Measurements
III. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE WAVE THEORY
1. The Uncertainty Relations for Waves
2. Discussion of an Actual Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field
IV. THE STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM THEORY
1. Mathematical Considerations
2. Interference of Probabilities
3. Bohr's Concept of Complementarity
V. DISCUSSION OF IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS
1. The C. T. R. Wilson Experiments
2. Diffraction Experiments
3. The Experiment of Einstein and Rupp
4. Emission, Absorption, and Dispersion of Radiation
a) Application of the Conservation Laws
b) Correspondence Principle and the Method of Virtual Charges
c) The Complete Treatment of Radiation and Matter
5. Interference and the Conservation Laws
6. The Compton Effect and the Compton-Simon Experiment
7. Radiation Fluctuation Phenomena
8. Relativistic Formulation of the Quantum Theory
APPENDIX: THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS OF THE QUANTUM THEORY
1. The Corpuscular Concept of Matter
2. The Transformation Theory
3. The Schrödinger Equation
4. The Perturbation Method
5. Resonance between Two Atoms: the Physical Interpretation of the Transformation Matrices
6. The Corpuscular Concept for Radiation
7. Quantum Statistics
8. The Wave Concept for Matter and Radiation: Classical Theory
9. Quantum Theory of Wave Fields
10. Application to Waves of Negative Charge
11. Proof of the Mathematical Equivalence of the Quantum Theory of Particles and of Waves
12. Application to the Theory of Radiation
INDEX