居住与房屋：马来西亚槟城的房屋调研

　　The study analyses the growth of the night market trading in Penang， Malaysia. It assumes that this trading activity is capable of an evolutionary growth if the linkages with the formal sector are begin. It allows the potential for capital accumulation and enhances the entrepreneurial development for the hawkers. These issues are analysed in relation to supportive government attitudes towards the sector.The reformists believe that the penetration of modern （formal） sectors along with supportive government policies could help the sector to evolve. The Marxists， on the other hand， are sceptical about the growth potential of the sector due to the exploitation by the capitalists. W]thin the framework established in this research approach three issues emerges key to understanding the role and the potential of the informal sector： ①the linkages with the formal economy， ②the ability of the sector to accumulate capital， and③the attitude of the state towards the sector.The analysis is based on data collected from two type of surveys： hawker and management surveys which examine the operational and manageriaJ aspects of this trading activity， respectively. It is also supported by the utilisation of secondary data. The findings of the study indicate that the growth of night markets is involutionary because of the existence of exploitative relations with the formal sector. The night markets do not generate enough surpluses to enable the hawkers to accumulate capital in the long term and enhance their entrepreneurship due to inefficiencies of government intervention as well as of the management system. It is concluded that such implications have restricted the growth of the night market trading in Penang.

　　刘文韬，男，汉族。毕业于马来西亚理科大学并获得建筑学博士学位，现为安阳师范学院建筑工程学院讲师。主要从事建筑设计与建筑节能和热工学方面的研究。曾主持河南省科技厅项目、河南省社科联项目和安阳师范学院科研培育项目共3项；获得河南省科学技术成果奖1项；发表学术论文7篇，其中SCI收录3篇.EI收录1篇，核心期刊收录2篇；获得安阳市自然科学优秀论文一等奖3项、二等奖2项；被评为2017年度安阳师范学院文明教师并入选河南省海外高层次留学人才；多次参加国际建筑会议，具有比较丰富的建筑设计与科学研究能力。

Chapter 1 Introduction1．1 Introduction1．2 Petty Trading and Hawking：An Overview of ，Malaysian Case 1．3 The Problem Statement1．4 Significance of the Study：A Neglected Research Area1．5 The Scope of the Study1．6 Thesis StructureChapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Litrature Review 2．1 Introduction 2．2 Theories of Development 2．3 Concepts of the Informal Sector 2．4 Reviews of Literature：Informal Sectors and Small Scale TradingChapter 3 Retaing System：The Malaysian Perspective 3．1 Introduction 3．2 Malaysian Economic Performance 3．3 Retail Distribution System in Malaysia 3．4 Night Market System in Malaysia 3．5 The Role of The State 3．6 Local Level in PenangChapter 4 Research Objectives and Methodology 4．1 Introduction 4．2 Research Approach/Process 4．3 Hypothesis 4．4 Specific Research Objectives 4．5 Definition 4．6 Data and Information Collection 4．7 Data and Information Analysis 4．8 Research Constraints 4．9 Questionnaire Design 5 The Structure of the Night Market System 5．1 Introduction 5．2 The Spatial Dimensions of the Night Marke 5．3 Infrastructure and Services 5．4 Management of Night MarketsChapter 6 The Hawkers and Trading Activities 6．1 Introduction 6．2 Profile of Hawkers 6．3 Nature of Enterprise 6．4 Scale of Operation 6．5 Linkages 6．6 Capital Accumulation 6．6 Capital Accumulation 6．7 Entrepreneurial DevelopmentChapter 7 Implication of Findings 7．1 Introduction 7．2 Implications on the Theoretical Framework 7．3 The Implications of Government Intervention 7．4 Implication of the Night Market OperationChapter 8 Overall Conclusions 8．1 Introduction 8．2 Summary of Discussions 8．3 The Future 8．4 Limitations and Scope for Further ResearchBibliography