Kubernetes即学即用

　　本书作者一直在Google和其他公司从事Kubernetes方面的工作，为我们解释了该系统如何融入分布式应用程序的生命周期之中的。你将学习如何使用各种工具和API来实现可扩展分布式系统管理的自动化，无论该系统用于在线服务、机器学习应用程序，还是Raspberry Pi计算机群集。本书的主要内容有：探索Kubernetes所面临的分布式系统挑战。使用Docker等容器进行容器化应用开发。使用docker镜像格式和容器运行时在Kubernetes上创建和运行容器。探索在生产中运行应用程序所必需的专门对象。在无需停机或无差错情况下可靠地推出新的软件版本。举例说明如何在Kubernetes中开发和部署真实应用程序。

　　作者主要从事数据中心网络解决方案的研发与部署，技术方向包括云计算、软件定义网络（SDN）、网络安全等，是国内较早从事 SDN 和网络虚拟化相关技术的推广者，同时也是 Docke开源社区的发起人之一。

前言 .........................................................................................................................................1 第1章 概述 ...............................................................................................................................7 速度 ...........................................................................................................................................8 不变性的价值 ..................................................................................................................9 声明式配置 .....................................................................................................................10 自我修复系统 .................................................................................................................11 扩展服务和团队 .....................................................................................................................12 解耦 ..................................................................................................................................12 更易于扩展的应用程序和集群 ..................................................................................12 利用微服务扩展开发团队 ...........................................................................................13 一致性和可扩展性的隔离 ...........................................................................................14 抽象基础设施 ..........................................................................................................................16 效率 ..........................................................................................................................................17 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................18 第2章 创建和运行容器 ......................................................19 容器镜像 ..................................................................................................................................20 Docker镜像格式 ............................................................................................................21 使用Docker构建应用程序镜像 ...........................................................................................23 Dockerfile ........................................................................................................................23 镜像的安全性 .................................................................................................................24 优化镜像大小 .................................................................................................................24 将镜像存储到远程仓储 ........................................................................................................25 Docker容器运行时 .................................................................................................................26 通过Docker运行容器 ....................................................................................................27 探索kuard应用程序 ......................................................................................................27 限制资源使用 .................................................................................................................27 删除镜像 ..................................................................................................................................28 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................29 第3章 部署Kubernetes群集 .............................................30 在公共云上安装Kubernetes ...............................................................................................31 Google Container Service ...........................................................................................31 使用Azure Container Service安装Kubernetes ......................................................31 在Amazon Web Services上安装Kubernetes ...........................................................32 使用minikube在本地安装Kubernetes .............................................................................33 在Raspberry Pi上运行Kubernetes ....................................................................................34 Kubernetes客户端 .................................................................................................................34 检查群集状态 .................................................................................................................34 查看Kubernetes Worker节点 ......................................................................................35 群集组件 ..................................................................................................................................38 Kubernetes代理 .............................................................................................................38 Kubernetes DNS .............................................................................................................38 Kubernetes UI .................................................................................................................39 小结 .........................................................................................................................................40 第4章 常用kubectl命令 ....................................................41 命名空间 ..................................................................................................................................41 上下文 ......................................................................................................................................41 查看Kubernetes API对象 .....................................................................................................42 创建、更新和销毁Kubernetes对象...................................................................................43 标记和注释对象 ....................................................................................................................44 调试命令 ..................................................................................................................................44 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................45 第5章 pod ........................................................................46 Kubernetes中的pod ..............................................................................................................47 用pod思考 ...............................................................................................................................48 pod Manifest ...........................................................................................................................48 创建pod ...........................................................................................................................49 创建pod Manifest ..........................................................................................................50 运行pod ...................................................................................................................................51 列出pod ...........................................................................................................................51 pod的详细信息 .............................................................................................................52 删除pod ...........................................................................................................................53 访问pod ..................................................................................................................................54 使用端口转发 .................................................................................................................54 使用日志获取更多信息 ...............................................................................................55 利用exec执行容器中的命令 .......................................................................................55 在容器间复制文件 ........................................................................................................56 健康检查 ..................................................................................................................................56 活性探针 .........................................................................................................................57 就绪探针 ..........................................................................................................................58 健康检查的类型 .............................................................................................................59 资源管理 ..................................................................................................................................59 资源请求：所需资源下限 ...........................................................................................60 通过限额控制资源用量 ...............................................................................................62 利用卷实现数据持久化 ........................................................................................................63 通过pod使用存储卷 .....................................................................................................63 pod使用卷的不同方式 .................................................................................................64 使用远程磁盘实现数据的持久性 ..............................................................................65 综合讨论 ..................................................................................................................................66 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................67 第6章 标签和注释 ............................................................68 标签 ..........................................................................................................................................68 应用标签 ..........................................................................................................................70 修改标签 .........................................................................................................................71 标签选择器 .....................................................................................................................72 API对象中的标签选择器..............................................................................................74 注释 ..........................................................................................................................................75 定义注释 ..........................................................................................................................76 清理 ..........................................................................................................................................76 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................77 第7章 服务发现 ...............................................................78 什么是服务发现？ .................................................................................................................78 Service对象 .............................................................................................................................79 提供DNS服务 ..................................................................................................................80 就绪检查 ..........................................................................................................................82 集群之外 ..................................................................................................................................83 云集成 ......................................................................................................................................85 高级细节 .................................................................................................................................86 端点 ..................................................................................................................................86 手动服务发现 .................................................................................................................88 kube-proxy与集群IP .....................................................................................................89 群集IP环境变量..............................................................................................................90 清除对象 ..................................................................................................................................91 小结 ..........................................................................................................................................91 第8章 ReplicaSet .............................................................92 调和循环 ..................................................................................................................................93 将pod和ReplicaSet关联起来 ..............................................................................................94 采用现有容器 .................................................................................................................94 隔离容器 ..........................................................................................................................94 使用ReplicaSet进行设计 ......................................................................................................95 ReplicaSet的规范 ...................................................................................................................95 pod模板 ..........................................................................................................................96 标签 ..................................................................................................................................96 创建ReplicaSet ........................................................................................................................97 监查ReplicaSet ........................................................................................................................97 从pod中查找ReplicaSet...............................................................................................98 查找ReplicaSet的pod集...............................................................................................98 扩展ReplicaSet ........................................................................................................................99 使用kubectl Scale进行命令式缩放 ...........................................................................99 使用kubectl apply进行声明式缩放 ....................................................................... 100 自动调整ReplicaSet ................................................................................................... 101 删除ReplicaSet ..................................................................................................................... 102 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 103 第9章 DaemonSet .......................................................... 104 DaemonSet调度器 ............................................................................................................. 105 创建DaemonSet .................................................................................................................. 105 将DaemonSet限制为特定节点 ........................................................................................ 108 为节点添加标签 .......................................................................................................... 108 节点选择器 .................................................................................................................. 109 更新DaemonSet .................................................................................................................. 110 通过删除单个pod来更新DaemonSet ................................................................... 110 滚动更新DaemonSet ................................................................................................. 111 删除DaemonSet .................................................................................................................. 112 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 112 第10章 作业 ................................................................... 113 Job对象 ................................................................................................................................. 113 作业模式 ............................................................................................................................... 114 一次性作业 .................................................................................................................. 114 并行性 ........................................................................................................................... 120 工作队列 ....................................................................................................................... 122 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 126 第11章 ConfigMap与Secret ........................................... 127 ConfigMap ............................................................................................................................ 127 创建ConfigMap ........................................................................................................... 128 ConfigMap的用法 ...................................................................................................... 129 Secret .................................................................................................................................... 132 创建Secret .................................................................................................................... 133 消费secret .................................................................................................................... 134 私有Docker仓库 ......................................................................................................... 136 命名约束 ............................................................................................................................... 137 管理ConfigMap和Secret ................................................................................................... 137 显示 ............................................................................................................................... 138 创建 ............................................................................................................................... 138 更新 ............................................................................................................................... 139 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 141 第12章 Deployment ....................................................... 142 我们的个Deployment对象 ...................................................................................... 143 Deployment对象的运行机制 .................................................................................. 143 创建Deployment对象 ........................................................................................................ 145 管理Deployment对象 ........................................................................................................ 146 更新Deployment对象 ........................................................................................................ 147 Deployment对象的缩放 ........................................................................................... 148 更新容器镜像 .............................................................................................................. 148 更新的历史记录 .......................................................................................................... 150 部署策略 ............................................................................................................................... 153 Recreate策略 ............................................................................................................... 153 RollingUpdate策略..................................................................................................... 153 降低更新速度以确保服务的健康 ........................................................................... 157 删除Deployment ................................................................................................................. 159 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 159 第13章 为Kubernetes集成存储解决方案 ......................... 160 导入外部服务 ....................................................................................................................... 161 没有选择器的服务 .................................................................................................... 163 外部服务的局限性：健康检查 ............................................................................... 165 运行可靠的单例 .................................................................................................................. 165 运行MySQL单例 .......................................................................................................... 165 动态卷配置 .................................................................................................................. 169 带有StatefulSet的Kubernetes-Native存储 .................................................................. 170 StatefulSet的特性 ....................................................................................................... 171 使用StatefulSet手动部署备份式MongoDB ......................................................... 171 自动创建MongoDB群集 ........................................................................................... 174 持久卷和有状态集 ..................................................................................................... 177 后一件事：准备就绪探针 .................................................................................... 178 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 179 第14章 部署实际应用程序 ............................................... 180 Parse ...................................................................................................................................... 180 先决条件 ....................................................................................................................... 181 构建parse-server ........................................................................................................ 181 部署parse-server ........................................................................................................ 182 测试Parse ...................................................................................................................... 183 Ghost ..................................................................................................................................... 183 配置Ghost..................................................................................................................... 183 Redis ...................................................................................................................................... 187 配置Redis ...................................................................................................................... 188 创建Redis服务 ............................................................................................................. 190 部署Redis ...................................................................................................................... 190 测试Redis群集 ............................................................................................................. 192 小结 ....................................................................................................................................... 193 附录A 利用Raspberry Pi搭建Kubernetes群集 ...................................................................... 195