中国汽车产业中的租金利用研究

　　本书将传统的寻租概念拓展为包含租金创造、租金分配和租金寻求三个相互联系而又分开的过程的租金利用模型，并以此来分析中国汽车产业发展过程中的租金及寻租现象。本书的研究从理论上看拓展了传统寻租理论的解释力，特别是对长期存在计划因素的我国经济发展中寻租现象的解释；从实践方面看，对于厘清我国经济发展中寻租与产业发展之间的关系有所助益。

　　高建奕，行政学博士，平顶山学院政法学院讲师，行政管理专业带头人。本科、硕士毕业于云南大学行政管理专业，博士毕业于韩国釜山大学行政学专业，曾在韩国水原大学国际学院任助教授三年。主要研究方向为公共政策与公共选择、地方治理等，代表论文为《西方政府失灵理论综述》、《Rent-utilization in aPlan-based Economy： the Case of China’s Auto Industry》等。

Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Object and Scope................................................................................... 5
1.3 Methodology......................................................................................... 10
Ⅱ. Theoretical Background and Analytical Framework............................... 12
2.1 Rent-seeking Theory........................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Conventional Theory of Rent-seeking............................... 12
2.1.2 Rent-seeking in the Developing Countries........................ 18
2.2 Rent-seeking in China’s Plan-based Economy.............................. 24
2.2.1 Rent-seeking in the Transitional Economy after Reform 25
2.2.2 Rent-seeking in the Centrally Planned Economy
before Reform........................................................................ 29
2.3 Analytical Model of Rent Utilization for the
Plan-based Economy........................................................................... 33
2.3.1 Institutional Context for the Analytical Model................. 33
2.3.2 Analytical Model of Rent Utilization.................................. 34
Ⅲ. Rent Utilization in China’s Auto Industry: Before Reform................... 38
3.1 The Development of Auto Industry in the Centrally
Planned Economy before Reform................................................... 38
3.2 Rents and Rent Creation ................................................................. 42
3.3 Rent Allocation.................................................................................... 48
3.3.1 Fragmented Structure of Rent Allocation in the
Central Level........................................................................... 50
3.3.2 Multilayered Structure of Rent Allocation between
Central Level and Local Level.......................................... 56
3.3.3 Institutional Arrangements of Local
Governments Being Rent-seekers .................................. 58
3.4 Rent-seeking ....................................................................................... 62
3.4.1 Local Governments as the Principal Rent-seekers 62
3.4.2 State-owned Enterprises Became Rent-seekers
with the Help of Local Governments...................... 67
Ⅳ. Rent Utilization in China’s Auto Industry: After Reform ................... 70
4.1 The Development of Auto Industry in the Transitional
Economy of After Reform Stage..................................................... 70
4.2 Rents and Rent Creation.................................................................... 77
4.3 Rent Allocation.................................................................................... 89
4.3.1 The Disappearance of Traditional Rent-allocators ....... 90
4.3.2 The Fragmented Authority of Project Approval .......... 95
4.4 Rent-seeking ....................................................................................... 99
4.4.1 Rent-seeking by Local Governments ............................... 99
4.4.2 Rent-seeking by Enterprises ............................................. 105
Ⅴ. Comprehensive Analysis.............................................................................. 116
5.1 Rent Utilization in the Auto Industry........................................... 116
5.1.1 Rents and Rent Creation..................................................... 116
5.1.2 Rent Allocation..................................................................... 118
5.1.3 Rent-seeking........................................................................... 120
5.2 Diachronic Comparison................................................................... 124
Ⅵ. Conclusions..................................................................................................... 130
References.............................................................................................................. 137
List of Tables
Table 1 Estimates of the Welfare Losses from Rent-seeking.................... 16
Table 2 Relevant Growth and Efficiency Implications of
Different Rents..................................................................................... 19
Table 3 Interest Rate of Industrial Credit Adjustments(Monthly rate)... 45
Table 4 Exchange Rate Adjustments
(US$100 and Sterling ￡100=RMB ?)........................................... 46
Table 5 Central and Local Investment in the Auto Industry,
1949~1978 (RMB Billion)................................................................. 65
Table 6 Total Automobile Output and Sedan Output, 2002~2015........ 76
Table 7 Tariffs for Imported Automobiles, 1986~2006........................... 82
Table 8 Joint ventures Built in China from 1984 to 2010...................... 111
Table 9 Major Actors of Rent Utilization and Their Functions and
Strategies in China’s Auto Industry before and after Reform 124
List of Figures
Figure 1 Institutional Rent under a Low-Price Control.............................. 31
Figure 2 Analytical Model of Rent Utilization.............................................. 35
Figure 3 Number of Auto Plant and Special Vehicle
Factories, 1956~1978......................................................................... 40
Figure 4 Output of Automobiles, 1956~1978............................................. 41
Figure 5 Governing Structure of Soviet Union’s Auto Industry............. 50
Figure 6 Fragmented Structure of Rent Allocation in the Central Level 55
Figure 7 Multilayered Structure of Rent Allocation between
Central and Local Level...................................................................... 57
Figure 8 Imports of sedans, 1979~2001....................................................... 71
Figure 9 Output of Total Automobiles and Sedans, 1979~2001............ 72
Figure 10 Number of Auto Plants, 1979~2001.......................................... 74
Figure 11 The Fragmented Structure and Rent Allocation Mechanism. 97
Figure 12 Rent Utilization Before Reform.................................................. 126
Figure 13 Rent Utilization After Reform.................................................... 126