现代热力学：第二定律的一种新表述（英文版）

　　There are only two fundamental opportunities in the history ofthermodynamics.They are the establishment of classical therniodynamics for only spontaneous process in simple system on the basis of Carnot theorem and the establishment of modern thermodynamics for nonspontaneous process in coupled system on the basis ofthe thermodynamic couplingtheory， since there are only two kinds of spontaneous processes and nonspontaneous processes of macroscopic changes inNature （excluding unknown parts of the universe）. Thermodynamics is a core part of modern science， and the second law of thermodynamics is the core of thermodynamics， which was stagnated for about 150 years in its classical stage only for spontaneous process in simple systems. The second law of thermodynamics shows the change in direction of the macroscopic world （or calledthe arrow of time ）， and is regarded as one of greatest ten equations in history.

暂缺《现代热力学：第二定律的一种新表述（英文版）》作者简介

Preface
Preface for Modern Thermodynamics - A new statement of the second law， (Chin． Ed．) 2015
Chapter 1 TheoreticaIFoundation ofThermodynamics
1．1 Thermodynamics andItsApplicable Range
1．2 Two FundamentalCharacteristics ofEnergy
1．3 Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics
1．3．1 System and Surroundings
1．3．2 Equilibrium State and Nonequilibrium State
1．3．3 State Variables or State Functions
1．3．4 State Equation
1．3．5 Reversible， Irreversible and Quasistatic Processes
1．3．6 Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Processes
1．4 FundamentalLaws ofThermodynamics
1．4．1 The Zeroth Law and Local Equilibrium Approach
1．4．2 The First Law ofThermodynamics
1．4．3 Carnot Theorem
1．4．4 Absolute Temperature
1．4．5 The Second Law ofThermodynamics
1．4．6 Physical Meanings ofEntropy Increase
1．5 ANew Statement ofthe Second Law ofThermodnamics
References
Chapter 2 ClassicaIThermodynamics of Spontaneous Process in Simple Systems
2．1 Equilibrium Thermodynamics (Thermodynamics ofReversible Processes)
2．2 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics (Thermodynamics oflrreversible Processes)
2．3 CriterionofEquilibrium
2．4 Calculation ofEntropy Change
2．5 Relationship between Gibbs Free Energy and Torp
2．6 Calculation of Global Entropy Increase
2．7 Equilibrium Phase Diagram
References
Chapter 3 Coupling Model of Low Pressure Diamond Synthesis： A Breakthrough in Thermodynamics
3．1 High Pressure Diamond Synthesis
3．2 Activated Low Pressure Diamond Synthesis
3．3 Kinetic Model of Selective Etching of SAH
3．4 Coupling ModelofLow Pressure Diamond Synthesis
3．5 Mechanism ofThermodynamic Coupling
3．6 ANew Field ofNondissipative Thermodynamics
References
Chapter 4 Nondissipative Thermodynamics of Modern Thermodynamics
4．1 Nonequilibrium Phase Diagram
4．2 Thermodynamic Data ofActivated Graphite
4．2．1 Gibbs Free Energy Method
4．2．2 Equilibrium Constant Method
4．3 Calculation ofNonequilibrium Phase Diagram
4．4 T-X Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams ofC-H System
4．5 T-p-X Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams of C-H and C-O System
4．6 Gas Composition Nonequilibrium Phase Diagram ofC-H System
4．7 Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams ofC-H-O System
4．8 Confirmation ofNonequilibrium Phase Diagrams
References
Chapter 5 Dissipative Thermodynanucs of Modern Thermodynamics
5．1 Calculation for Low Pressure Diamond in Dissipative Thermodynamics
5．2 Gem-quality Carat-size Low Pressure Diamonds
5．3 Modern Thermodynamics for High Speed CVD Diamond Growth
5．4 Chemiosmotic Theory ofATP Biosynthesis
5．5 Chemical Oscillation， Cyclic Reaction and Spiral Reaction
5．6 Thermodiffusion
5．7 Bernard Pattern
5．8 Development of Some Related Disciplines
……
Chapter 6 Continuum Mechanics and Kinetics Are Outside Thermodynamics
Appendix 1 A Small System ofATP Biosynthesis
Appendix 2 Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams in Modern Thermodynamics
Appendix 3 A New Statement of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics