新能源系统概论

　　本书紧扣新能源发展情况，系统介绍了常见新能源特点及其开发利用技术。重点介绍了在新能源体系中占比较大的太阳能、风能和生物质能，详细阐述了太阳能、风能和生物质能的开发技术及利用方式；同时列举了氢能、核能、潮汐能、地热能等其他新能源，方便读者对新能源体系形成整体认识；结合新能源行业的近发展情况，增加了智能微电网应用技术、合同能源管理和碳交易的相关内容。

　　黄建华，湖南理工职业技术学院。

CONTENTS目 录第1章 绪 论 .......................................................................................11.1 能源及其分类 ................................................................................................11.1.1 能源的定义 ......................................................................................................11.1.2 能源的分类 ......................................................................................................21.2 能源与社会发展.............................................................................................31.2.1 能源利用与人类文明 ......................................................................................31.2.2 能源与经济发展 ..............................................................................................41.2.3 能源增长与人民生活 ......................................................................................51.3 能源现状与能源问题 .....................................................................................71.4 未来我国能源发展方向 ..................................................................................9习题 .....................................................................................................................10第2章 太 阳 能 ......................................................................................112.1 太阳能应用简介...........................................................................................112.1.1 太阳能发展情况 ............................................................................................112.1.2 太阳能应用情况 ............................................................................................132.2 硅材料 .........................................................................................................132.2.1 硅材料简介 ....................................................................................................132.2.2 硅材料的性质 ................................................................................................142.3 硅基光伏电池材料制备 ................................................................................152.3.1 冶金硅的提炼 ................................................................................................152.3.2 高纯度多晶硅原材料制备 ............................................................................172.3.3 直拉单晶硅棒 ................................................................................................202.3.4 铸造多晶硅锭 ................................................................................................232.3.5 单晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................272.3.6 多晶硅片加工 ................................................................................................292.3.7 晶硅电池制备工艺 ........................................................................................372.3.8 晶硅组件制备工艺 ........................................................................................402.3.9 硅基薄膜组件制备工艺 ................................................................................422.4 光伏发电系统 ..............................................................................................442.4.1 离网光伏发电系统 ........................................................................................442.4.2 并网光伏发电系统 ........................................................................................452.5 光热利用技术 ..............................................................................................472.5.1 太阳能热水系统 ............................................................................................472.5.2 太阳能供暖系统 ............................................................................................492.5.3 太阳能制冷系统 ............................................................................................532.5.4 太阳能光热发电系统 ....................................................................................55习题 .....................................................................................................................59第3章 风 能 ..................................................................................... 603.1 风能及风力发电基础知识 ............................................................................603.1.1 风能基本概念 ................................................................................................603.1.2 风力发电机组工作原理及分类 ....................................................................603.1.3 风力发电机组结构 ........................................................................................613.2 风力发电机组的安装与调试.........................................................................673.2.1 风力发电机组装配工艺简介 ........................................................................673.2.2 风力发电机组工厂内机械部分的安装及调试 ............................................683.2.3 风力发电机组液压系统的装配及调试 ........................................................713.2.4 风力发电机组车间电气装配 ........................................................................723.2.5 风力发电机组的现场安装 ............................................................................733.3 风力发电机组的运行与维护.........................................................................743.3.1 传动系统的运行与维护 ................................................................................743.3.2 液压系统的运行与维护 ................................................................................753.3.3 偏航系统的运行与维护 ................................................................................773.3.4 变桨距系统的运行与维护 ............................................................................783.3.5 风力发电机组的维护与检修 ........................................................................803.4 风力发电机组的现场调试及并网运行 ..........................................................823.4.1 加电前的安全检查 ........................................................................................823.4.2 风力发电机组的加电 ....................................................................................833.4.3 风力发电机组的调试 ....................................................................................833.4.4 风力发电机组的并网 ....................................................................................843.4.5 风力发电机组的试运行 ................................................................................85习题 .....................................................................................................................86第4章 生物质能 ..................................................................................... 874.1 生物质能基础知识 .......................................................................................874.1.1 生物质能基本概念 ........................................................................................874.1.2 生物质能利用方式 ........................................................................................894.1.3 生物质燃料 ....................................................................................................894.2 生物质固化成型技术 ...................................................................................924.2.1 生物质固化成型原理 ....................................................................................924.2.2 生物质压缩成型工艺 ...................................................................................934.2.3 生物质成型的影响因素 ...............................................................................944.2.4 生物质成型工艺流程与设备 ........................................................................954.3 生物质柴油技术...........................................................................................974.3.1 生物质柴油定义 ............................................................................................974.3.2 生物质柴油制备方法 ....................................................................................974.3.3 生物质柴油的品质控制和质量标准 ............................................................984.4 生物质沼气技术...........................................................................................994.4.1 沼气的基本概念.............................................................................................994.4.2 沼气发酵原理 ..............................................................................................1004.4.3 小型沼气池发酵工艺类型 ..........................................................................1034.4.4 大中型沼气工程 ..........................................................................................1054.5 生物质发电技术.........................................................................................1064.5.1 生物质发电原理 ..........................................................................................1064.5.2 生物质发电装备 ..........................................................................................108习题 ................................................................................................................... 111第5章 其他新能源 ................................................................................1125.1 氢能...........................................................................................................1125.1.1 氢能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1125.1.2 氢的制备 ...................................................................................................... 1135.1.3 氢能的储备 .................................................................................................. 1145.1.4 氢能的应用 .................................................................................................. 1165.2 核能...........................................................................................................1175.2.1 核能概述 ...................................................................................................... 1175.2.2 核能的利用形式 ......................................................................................... 1195.2.3 核发电技术 ..................................................................................................1205.2.4 核能的发展前景 ..........................................................................................1215.3 潮汐能 .......................................................................................................1225.3.1 潮汐能概述 ..................................................................................................1225.3.2 潮汐能发电技术 ..........................................................................................1235.3.3 潮汐能应用前景 ..........................................................................................1255.4 地热能 .......................................................................................................1285.4.1 地热能应用概述 ..........................................................................................1285.4.2 地热能的应用 ..............................................................................................129习题 ...................................................................................................................134第6章 智能微电网应用技术 ................................................................. 1356.1 智能微电网应用概述 .................................................................................1356.1.1 智能微电网的发展历程 ..............................................................................1356.1.2 智能微电网国内外研究现状 ......................................................................1366.2 智能微电网应用案例 .................................................................................1376.2.1 光伏发电系统设计与安装 ..........................................................................1386.2.2 风力发电系统设计与安装 ..........................................................................1446.2.3 智能微电网系统的运行 ..............................................................................147习题 ...................................................................................................................157第7章 合同能源管理 ............................................................................ 1587.1 合同能源管理概述 .....................................................................................1587.1.1 合同能源管理简介 ......................................................................................1587.1.2 国内外合同能源管理发展状况 ..................................................................1617.2 合同能源管理过程 .....................................................................................1627.2.1 能源管理合同的签署 ..................................................................................1627.2.2 节能方案的设计与实施 ..............................................................................1637.2.3 合同能源管理带来的效益 ..........................................................................1647.3 合同能源管理政策 .....................................................................................1657.3.1 合同能源管理的政府补贴 ..........................................................................1657.3.2 合同能源管理税收优惠政策 ......................................................................1687.3.3 合同能源管理补贴政策的申请 ..................................................................1687.4 合同能源管理案例和合同范本 ...................................................................1707.4.1 某焦化企业合同能源管理节能改造 ..........................................................1707.4.2 某节电合同能源管理合同简本 ..................................................................171习题 ...................................................................................................................174第8章 碳 交 易 ................................................................................... 1758.1 我国碳交易背景及发展现状.......................................................................1758.1.1 我国碳交易背景 ..........................................................................................1758.1.2 我国碳交易的现状 ......................................................................................1788.2 碳交易基本概念与市场机制.......................................................................1798.2.1 碳交易的基本概念 ......................................................................................1798.2.2 碳交易的市场机制 ......................................................................................1808.3 电力行业参与碳交易 .................................................................................1828.4 光伏企业参与碳交易 .................................................................................186习题 ...................................................................................................................187附录 新能源产业政策 ........................................................................ 188附录A 《关于推荐分布式光伏发电示范区的通知》 .........................................188附录B 《关于印发能源发展战略行动计划》....................................................188附录C 其他新能源产业政策文件汇总 ..............................................................197参考文献.............................................................................................. 198