Export controls are a standard international practice. They involve prohibitive or restrictive measures on the export of dual-use items， military products， nuclear materials， and other goods， technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and national interests， and other restrictions related to fulfilling non-proliferation and other international obligations.The world is undergoing profound changes of a scale unseen in a century， with an increase in destabilizing factors and uncertainties， disruption to international security and order， and challenges and threats to world peace. The status and role of fair， reasonable， and non-discriminatory export control measures is growing in importance as an effective means to address international and regional security risks and challenges and safeguard world peace and development. All countries pay close attention to export controls and take an active approach to strengthening and standardizing their approach by establishing and enforcing measures through their legal systems.

The 20th century was a time of incredible change in China.My generation felt lucky and blessed to be born in the 20th century， survive its vicissitudes， and witness the transformation of the country. Poverty-stricken in our youth， we were fortunate to become workers， fighters， and crafters of the development of science and technology in China， and be granted the opportunity to share in making the changes happen. Most of my contemporaries saw the success and failure， windstorms and tempests， suffering and tears， and ultimately the rejoicing and jubilation that we experienced， as being all part of life in the great era. That experience should be preserved for generations to come， and for historians interested in Chinese studies.

Under British colonial rule， there was no democracy in Hong Kong. After resuming the exercise of sovereignty， the Chinese government implemented the basic policy of One Country， Two Systems and established democracy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region（HKSAR）. It has since provided constant support to the region in developing its democratic system. The determination， sincerity， and efforts of the Communist Party of China（CPC）and the Chinese government to this end have remained consistent and are obvious to any objective observer.Hong Kong has faced an extended period of damaging social unrest caused by anti-China agitators both inside and outside the region. Over the years， those who attempt to overturn the new constitutional order and destabilize Hong Kong and the rest of China have colluded to obstruct the democratic process. On the pretext of "fighting for democracy"， they have attempted to stage a color revolution， split Hong Kong from China， and seize power there. Their attempts have gravely threatened the order established by the Constitution of the People's Republic of China（Constitution） and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region（Basic Law）， thus endangering China's national security and Hong Kong's stability and prosperity.

Rich in data and vividly written， this book depicts the complex and ever-changing geography and unique socio-cultural environment of the regions along the Polar Silk Road （PSR）. It also elaborates on the current status and development outlook of the PSR. Within the context of global climate change， this book proposes a strategy for China and other parties to jointly build the PSR. For those who seek to understand China， this brilliantly written book decodes China's relationship with the Arctic and is a timely release keeping abreast of the development needs of our time.As a supplement to the BRI， the PSR is conducive to building a "community with a shared future for mankind." Moreover， it cames forward and advances the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations. As a near-Arctic state and an observer of the Arctic Council， China has the responsibility and obligation to participate in Arctic governance， and is expected to play its role as a responsible power. In the face of environmental changes in the Arctic， China's initiative to jointly build the PSR is an affirmation of the Chinese people's commitment to serving all mankind.

世界正处于百年未有之大变局，人类社会正在经历新一轮的大发展、大变革、大调整。在秩序加速演变的转型过渡期，各种不确定性不稳定性因素显著增多，特别是突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情显著加剧了发展和治理难题，世界和平赤字、发展赤字、治理赤字、信任赤字进一步显现。世界怎么了，我们怎么办？答案只有一个：推动构建人类命运共同体是人间正道。

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党内法规是治党管党、执政治国的重要依据，也是中国共产党制度治党、依规治党的实践产物。本书着眼于党内法规从制定到实施的动态运行过程，在对党内法规运行的基础加以一般性理论阐述后，分别论述了党内法规的制定、质量保障、执行、遵守与宣传等不同运行环节的相关理论与实践问题，初步构建了党内法规运行的理论体系，意在为更好地推进党内法规的实施，将党内法规制度优势转化为治理效能，提供相应的理论参考。