古希腊·罗马文明：社会、思想和文化

　　《古希腊·罗马文明：社会思想和文化》以翔实的资料作为支撑，介绍了公元前后各几百年间广阔的社会历史背景，涉及当时的政治、经济、军事、科教、文化、考古等方方面面，反映了当时的社会结构和思想冲突，对于读者了解西方文明的源头大有裨益。此书1987年初版，至今已出至第三版，新版图文并茂，补充了许多最新的学术研究成果和考古发现，具备学术性和趣味性，是西方世界文科类大学的骨干教材。《古希腊·罗马文明：社会思想和文化》以其大量翔实的资料和丰富的内容，为相关专业的学者进行拓展研究提供便利；全书行文流畅，通俗易懂，也能为热爱文史哲的普通读者打开一扇知识之窗。

　　作者EverettFerguson（弗格森），当今古希腊、古罗马的专家，哈佛大学教授，教授《新约》和基督教背景等课程，已出版多部相关研究著作。

序言                                                 
致谢                                                
缩写                                                 
全书参考文献                                         绪论：关于相似之处的看法                             一政治历史                                             
引言                                                  
亚历山大之前的近东地区                                 
波斯帝国     
希腊                                                   
亚历山大大帝                                           
马其顿                                                 
亚历山大三世的生平（公元前356–323）                    
亚历山大的影响                                         
希腊化的国家                                           
继业者                                                 
多利买 —埃及                                         
西流古 —叙利亚                                       
罗马                                                   
罗马的天赋                                             
罗马和西方                                             
罗马和东方                                             
后期的共和国：内战                                     
奥古斯都(公元前31–公元14年)                      
早期帝国                                               
晚期帝国                                               
帝国的行政                                             
城市                                                   
行省                                                   
藩属国                                                 
新约的政治背景                                         二社会和文化                                     
引言                                                   
罗马军事                                               
军团                                                   
标志、武器和服装                                       
预备部队                                               
禁卫队                                                 
其他部队                                              
社会阶层                                               
元老院阶层                                             
骑士阶层                                              
地方政府的统治阶级                                         
平民和其他有自由的人                                       
自由人                                                    
奴隶制                                                     
罗马公民身份                                               
罗马法律                                                   
社会关系                                                   
庇护关系                                                   
友谊                                                       
社会网络                                                   
荣耀和耻辱                                                 
社会道德                                                   
婚姻和家庭                                                 
妇女的地位                                                 
孩子                                                       
经济生活                                                  
贸易和旅行                                                 
铸币                                                      
税收                                                       
服装和外表                                                 
娱乐                                                      
剧院                                                       
体育运动                                                  
竞技场                                                    
马戏场                                                 
体育馆和浴室                                              
宴席                                                      
音乐                                                      
教育                                                     
文学和语言                                                
作家                                                     
修辞学                                                    
文学样式和体裁                                            
制造书籍                                                
阅读和学习书籍                                           
刻印文字和莎草纸                                         
语言                                                    
艺术和建筑                                               
协会和社团                                               
希腊社团                                                 
罗马社团                                                  
埃及社团                                               
社团法规                                                  
结论                                                      三希腊-罗马宗教                                            
古希腊宗教                                                 
史诗时代：荷马                                             
赫西奥德                                                   
古代时期                                                   
古典时代的消解标志                                         
古罗马宗教                                                 
诸神                                                       
宗教职员                                                   
宗教守则                                                  
灵魂和死亡                                                
罗马宗教的特点                                             
希腊-罗马时代宗教的一般特点                                
家庭和乡村宗教                                             
希腊人                                                     
罗马人                                                     
市民崇拜                                                  
祭司职务                                                  
礼仪规定                                                   
献祭                                                       
还愿奉献                                                  
祷告和圣歌                                                 
节日                                                      
其他的特点                                                
市民宗教崇拜的一个例子：以弗所和亚底米                     
统治者崇拜                                                 
先例和预期                                                
历史发展                                                   
崇拜皇帝的形式                                            
个人宗教                                                   
神谕                                                       
梦和占卜                                                  
医治崇拜                                                   
魔法和咒诅                                                 
咒诅和誓言                                                
鬼魔和迷信                                                
星象学、星相宗教和命运                                    
死亡和来世                                                 
希腊神秘主义和东方宗教                                     
地方神秘宗教                                               
厄硫西斯的各种秘密仪式                                     
狄俄尼索斯秘密仪式                                         
埃及诸神：伊希斯、奥里西斯、萨拉皮斯                       
腓尼基的神：阿施塔特和阿多尼斯                             
叙利亚诸神：阿塔迦和其他的神                               
弗吕家的诸神：西布莉和阿提斯                              
一位波斯的神：密特拉                                      
神秘宗教和基督教                                           
诺斯底主义、荷米底文学、占星术预言                        
诺斯底主义一词                                             
研究资源                                                   
诺斯底主义的起源                                           
独特的特征                                                
《新约》中的诺斯底主义                                     
《赫姆提卡文集》                                           
《迦勒底占星术》                                           
后期的发展：一神论和太阳崇拜                             四希腊-罗马哲学                                             
引言                                                        
作为宗教的哲学                                              
作为道德的哲学                                              
大众哲学                                                    
哲学和个人主义                                             
哲学及其社会背景                                           
诡辩家和苏格拉底                                            
诡辩家                                                     
苏格拉底(公元前469–前399年)                                    
柏拉图和第一世纪的柏拉图学园                               
柏拉图生平（公元前429-前347年）                                 
《对话集》                                                  
柏拉图的思想                                                
柏拉图的影响                                                
旧学园                                                     
怀疑论的学园                                               
折衷主义的学园                                              
亚里士多德（Aristotle）和逍遥学派                            
亚里士多德生平（公元前384-前322年）                             
亚里士多德的思想                                          
亚里士多德的影响                                            
狄奥弗拉斯图（公元前370-前285年）                               
斯特拉图                                                    
后期的历史和总体的特征                                      
逍遥学派的遗产                                             
怀疑论                                                      
皮洛(公元前360–前270年)                                        
埃奈西德穆                                                 
塞克斯都?恩披里克(公元200年)                           
怀疑论的影响                                              
犬儒主义                                                 
犬儒主义的开端                                            
犬儒主义的特征                                            
普鲁撒的狄奥(公元40年到112年之后)                      
撒摩撒他的卢西安(公元120年到180年以后)              
斯多葛主义                                                 
早期的斯多葛派哲学                                         
斯多葛主义的物理学                                       
斯多葛主义的逻辑学和认识论                                 
斯多葛主义的伦理观念                                     
中期斯多葛主义                                            
后期的斯多葛派:罗马的斯多葛主义                           
斯多葛主义和基督教                                         
伊壁鸠鲁主义                                              
伊壁鸠鲁及其学派                                            
卢克莱修(公元前94–前55年)                                    
伊壁鸠鲁派的物理学                                       
伊壁鸠鲁派的认识论                                          
伊壁鸠鲁伦理学                                              
评估和比较                                                 
折衷主义                                                   
特征                                                     
西塞罗(公元前106–前43年)                                      
新毕达哥拉斯主义                                           
毕达哥拉斯                                                  
毕达哥拉斯主义的复兴                                        
提亚纳的阿波罗尼奥斯和斐罗斯特拉图                          
努美尼                                                      
中期柏拉图主义                                              
特征                                                   
普鲁塔克(公元50–120年以后)                           
普罗提诺和新柏拉图主义                                     
普罗提诺生平(公元205–270年)                          
普罗提诺的系统                                         
后来的新柏拉图主义者                                   五犹太教                                                     
犹太人的历史,公元前538年到公元后200年                    
波斯时期 (公元前538–前332年)                             
希腊时期(公元前332–前167年)                              
马加比家族或哈斯摩尼家族时期(公元前167–前63年)         
罗马时期(从公元前63年开始)                           
早期罗马帝国的犹太人                                    
希腊和罗马时代的犹太人文学以及其他的资料                
希腊文旧约                                               
希腊文的犹太文献:残篇                                   
次经                                                     
伪经                                                     
死海古卷                                                 
末日启示作品                                             
斐罗                                                     
约瑟夫                                                   
拉比的文学                                               
犹太神秘主义                                             
考古学资源                                               
外族人眼中的犹太人                                       
派别和教派