国富论（英文版）

　　1776年，西方经济学之父亚当·斯密发表《国富论》，批驳了传统学说占主导地位的重商主义、重农主义，首次提出自由贸易、劳动价值观和劳动分工将极大地提高生产效率的观点，既在理论上为西方现代经济学奠定了基础，也为世界自由资本主义_的发展扫清了障碍。亚当，斯密的同道马尔萨斯依据这一学说探讨了人口过剩问题，大卫·李嘉图提出工资铁律，进一步将其理论整合为古典经济学，由此标志了经济学作为一门独立学科的诞生。著名翻译家严复将此书译作《原富》，在我国学术界及现代史上影响至深至巨。《国富论》被誉为西方经济学的《圣经》、影响世界历史的十大著作之一和一百部影响人类文化的著作之一；1986年，法国《读书》杂志还将其推荐为“理想藏书”。

　　ADAM SMITH （1723-I790） was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer ofpolitical economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment， Smithis the author of The Theoryof Moral Sentiments and An Inqunyinto the Naarre and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter， usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations，is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. It earned him an enormous reputation and would become one ofthe most influential works on economics ever published Smithis widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism.

INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF THE WORK
BOOK Ⅰ. OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE
PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR,AND OF THE
ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE
IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AM'ONG THE
DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES
OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅲ. THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET
CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY
CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY
CHAPTER Ⅵ. OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER Ⅶ. OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER Ⅷ. OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅸ. OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅹ. OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF LABOUR AND STOCK
CHAPTER XL OF THE RENT OF IAND
BOOK Ⅱ. OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS APARTICUIAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE ABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF STOCK LENT AT INTEREST
CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF CAPITALS
BOOK Ⅲ. OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS
OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE DISCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ANCIENT STATE OF EUROPE, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER Ⅳ. HOW THE COMMERCE OF TOWNS CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE COUNTRY
BOOK Ⅳ. OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMERCIAL OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM
……
BOOK Ⅴ. OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH