University Fundamental Physics（Vol 2）

　　University Fundamental Physics（Vol 2）：The content of this volume includes three parts： electromagnetism， wave and optics， and fundamentals of quantum physics. In the part of electromagnetism， the fundamental concepts and principles， as electric field， magnetic field， and electromagnetic induction， are explained explicitly. In the part of wave and optics， the basic characteristics of vibration and wave， and the basic principles of wave optics and geometric optics， are introduced. In the part of fundamentals of quantum physics， the basic concepts as wave-particle quality， probability wave， uncertainty relation and energy quantization， and the regulations about the states of electrons in atoms and solids are given. At last， a short statement about the nucleus physics including radioactivity， is introduced.Volume 2 and Volume 1 cover all the pedagogic requirements of physics course in colleges and universities and hence can be used as textbooks of physics. They can also be used as pedagogic references by high-school teachers or as self-learning materials by other readers.

暂缺《University Fundamental Physics（Vol 2）》作者简介

PART 3 ELECTROMAGNETISM
CHAPTER 11 ELECTROSTATIC FIELD2
11.1 Electric Charges2
11.2 Electric Field and Electric Field Intensity3
11.3 Coulomb’s Law and Calculating Electrostatic Field4
11.4 Electric Field Lines and Electric Flux9
11.5 Gauss’ Law12
11.6 Finding Electrostatic Field Distribution by Gauss’ Law14
SUMMARY18
QUESTIONS19
PROBLEMS19
CHAPTER 12 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL21
12.1 Conservative Property of Electrostatic Field21
12.2 Electric Potential Difference and Electric Potential23
12.3 Principle of Superposition of Electric Potential25
12.4 Finding Field from Potential29
12.5 Electrostatic Energy of Electric Charge in External Electric Field30
12.6 Energy of Electrostatic Field31
SUMMARY32
QUESTIONS33
PROBLEMS33
CHAPTER 13 ELECTROSTATIC FIELD WITH CONDUCTORS OR DIELECTRICS PRESENT35
13.1 Conditions for Electrostatic Equilibrium of a Conductor35
13.2 Charge Distribution on a Conductor in Electrostatic Equilibrium State36
13.3 Finding Electrostatic Field When Conductors are Present37
13.4 Capacitors and Capacitance39
13.5 Effect on Dielectrics by Electric Field43
13.6 Polarization of Dielectrics44
13.7 Electric Displacement Vector D and Its Gauss’ Law47
13.8 Energy Stored in a Capacitor47
SUMMARY50
QUESTIONS50
PROBLEMS51
CHAPTER 14 ELECTRIC CURRENT AND MAGNETIC FIELD53
14.1 Electric Current and Current Density53
14.2 A Classical Microscopic View of Electric Current55
14.3 Ohm’s Law57
14.4 Magnetic Force and Motion of Electric Charge58
14.5 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Induction59
14.6 Biot-Savart Law61
14.7 Ampere Circuital Theorem67
14.8 Finding Distribution of the Magnetic Field with Ampere Circuital Theorem70
14.9 Magnetic Field Associated with Varying Electric Field72
SUMMARY76
QUESTIONS77
PROBLEMS78
CHAPTER 15 MAGNETIC FORCE80
15.1 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field80
15.2 Hall Effect82
15.3 Force on Current-carrying Wires in a Magnetic Field84
15.4 Torque on a Current-carrying Coil in a Magnetic Field85
15.5 Interaction between Parallel Currents88
SUMMARY90
QUESTIONS90
PROBLEMS91
CHAPTER 16 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS94
16.1 Effect on Magnetic Field by Materials94
16.2 Magnetization95
16.3 Vector H and Its Circuital Theorem97
16.4 Magnetic Shielding99
SUMMARY99
QUESTIONS100
PROBLEMS101
CHAPTER 17 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE102
17.1 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction102
17.2 Motional Emf106
17.3 Induced Emf and Induced Electric Field110
17.4 Mutual Induction112
17.5 Self-induction113
17.6 Energy Stored in Magnetic Field115
17.7 Maxwell’s Equations116
17.8 Electromagnetic Waves （EM Waves）117
17.9 Energy in EM Waves118
SUMMARY120
QUESTIONS121
PROBLEMS123
PART 4 WAVE AND OPTICS
CHAPTER 18 VIBRATION128
18.1 Description of Simple Harmonic Motion （SHM）128
18.2 SHM and Uniform Circular Motion130
18.3 Dynamical Equation of SHM133
18.4 Energy of SHM135
18.5 Damped Vibration136
18.6 Forced Vibration Resonance137
18.7 Combination of One\|dimensional SHM’s of Same Frequency138
18.8 Combination of One\|dimensional SHM’s of Different Frequencies140
SUMMARY141
QUESTIONS142
PROBLEMS142
CHAPTER 19 WAVES144
19.1 Travelling Waves144
19.2 Formation of a Simple Harmonic Wave146
19.3 Wave Function of the SHW Wavelength147
19.4 Elastic deformations of Materials152
19.5 Wave Speed in Elastic Media155
19.6 Energy of Waves157
19.7 Huygens’ Principle and the Reflection and Refraction of Waves161
19.8 Superposition of Waves， and Standing Wave165
19.9 Sound Wave168
19.10 Doppler Effect170
SUMMARY174
QUESTIONS176
PROBLEMS177
CHAPTER 20 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT179
20.1 Young’s Double\|slit Interference179
20.2 Coherent Light182
20.3 Optical Path184
20.4 Thin\|film Interference186
SUMMARY189
QUESTIONS190
PROBLEMS191
CHAPTER 21 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT194
21.1 Fraunhofer Diffraction194
21.2 Single\|slit Fraunhofer Diffraction195
21.3 Resolving Power of a Optical Instrument198
21.4 Grating Diffraction202
21.5 Grating spectra205
SUMMARY207
QUESTIONS208
PROBLEMS209
CHAPTER 22 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT212
22.1 Natural Light and Polarized Light212
22.2 Polarization by Absorption214
22.3 Polarization by Reflection217
22.4 Double Refraction218
SUMMARY219
QUESTIONS220
PROBLEMS220
CHAPTER 23 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS222
23.1 Light Rays222
23.2 Reflection of Light223
23.3 Spherical Mirrors225
23.4 Refraction of Light229
23.5 The Focal Length of a Thin Lenses231
23.6 Imaging by Thin Lenses235
23.7 Optical Instruments239
SUMMARY242
QUESTIONS243
PROBLEMS244
PART 5 FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS
CHAPTER 24 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS249
24.1 The Birth of the Concept of Quantum249
24.2 Emergence of the Concept of Photon252
24.3 Compton Scattering255
24.4 Wave Nature of Particles256
24.5 Probability Wave and Probability Amplitude260
24.6 Uncertainty Relation263
24.7 Schrdinger Equation267
24.8 A Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Potential Well268
24.9 Barrier Penetration272
SUMMARY277
QUESTIONS279
PROBLEMS279
CHAPTER 25 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS282
25.1 Hydrogen Atom282
25.2 Spin of Electron and Spin\|orbit Coupling289
25.3 Configuration of Electrons in Atoms297
25.4 Laser302
SUMMARY307
QUESTIONS309
PROBLEMS310
CHAPTER 26 ELECTRONS IN SOLIDS312
26.1 Energy Distribution of Free Electrons in Metals312
26.2 Conducting Mechanism of Metals317
26.3 Energy Bands，Conductors and Insulators318
26.4 Semiconductors322
26.5 PN Junction325
SUMMARY327
QUESTIONS328
PROBLEMS329
CHAPTER 27 NUCLEAR PHYSICS330
27.1 General Properties of Nuclei330
27.2 Nuclear Force333
27.3 Binding Energy of Nuclei336
27.4 Radioactivity and the Decay Law340
27.5 Three Kinds of Radioactive Rays344
27.6 Nuclear Reactions348
SUMMARY350
QUESTIONS352
PROBLEMS352
DATA LIST354
ANSWERS TO ALL PROBLEMS356
INDEX363