虚拟机：系统与进程的通用平台（英文版）

　　本书介绍了虚拟机在操作系统、程序设计语言和计算机体系结构方面的应用。本书内容全面，处于学科的最前沿。书中以清晰而深入的方式，借助有效的应用实例和案例研究，解析了各种基本概念。内容涉及虚拟机的主要类型、析取、对于目标指令集体系结构（ISA）的源ISA仿真、进程虚拟机的执行、用于提高仿真性能的翻译代码优化技术、高级语言虚拟机及其执行、协同设计、多处理器系统的虚拟，以及其他新兴应用。 本书适合于现代计算机体系结构设计、程序设计语言、操作系统和安全技术，以及系统执行方面的学生和从业者阅读。那些对未来计算系统感兴趣的读者，同样会从本书中获益。 前言： 封底 虚拟机技术应用整机虚拟化的概念，脱离实体机的兼容性约束和硬件资源约束，实现更高程度的软件可移植性和适用性。虚拟机快速成为计算机系统设计中的基本要素。虚拟机可提供系统安全性、灵活性、跨平台兼容性、可靠性和资源有效性。虚拟机技术设计用于解决主要计算机组件结合及应用方面的问题，在多个学科中占据了重要位置。具体涉及操作系统、程序设计语言和计算机体系结构。例如在处理层，虚拟技术支持动态程序编译和独立于平台的网络计算。在系统层，虚拟技术支持同一硬件平台上以及服务器中的多操作系统环境。 回顾历史可见，在所应用的多门专业学科中各种虚拟机技术独立发展，因而很难用一种结合性的方法揭示其潜在关系。在本书中，Smith和Nair另辟新路，将虚拟机作为一门统一的学科。由于对相互交错的技术进行了融合，因而能够以一种结构合理的方式探讨和研究虚拟机的实现问题。 虚拟机技术的核心内容包括指令集仿真、动态程序翻译和优化、高级语言虚拟机（包括Java和CLI）以及系统虚拟机，即可用于单用户系统，也可用于服务器。 本书特点 l 探究应用虚拟机技术的众多学科，包括操作系统、程序设计语言和计算机体系结构，并定义出一门新的统一学科。 l 微软、惠普及其他工业研究团体的本领域研究人员对全书进行了审阅。 l 对于计算机系统几十年间的研究和发展，作者从学术和工业两方面进行了综合论述。 l 为一些系统提供了原理图及参考文献，包括Shade模拟系统、FX！32系统、Dynamo/RIO、Java和CLI等流行语言虚拟机、Jikes RVM、Transmeta Crusoe处理器、IBM的AS/400和z/VM系统、VMware的主机虚拟机、Intel的VT-x虚拟技术，以及多处理器虚拟系统——Cellular Disco。 l 讨论了一些新兴应用，包括安全性，以及在机器和网格运算间进行计算环境的移植。

　　322JamescE.cSmithcciscacProfessorcincthecDepartmentcofcElectricalcandcComputercEngineeringcatcthecUniversitycofcWisconsin-Madison.cHecfirstcjoinedcthecUniversitycofcWisconsincinc1976，caftercreceivingchiscPhDcincComputercSciencecfromcthecUniversitycofcIllinois.cFromc1979ctoc1981，chectookcacleavecofcabsencectocworkcforcthecControlcDatacCorporationcincArdencHills，cMN，cparticipatingcincthecdesigncofcthecCYBERc180/990.cFromc1984ctoc1989，checparticipatedcincthecdevelopmentcofcthecACAcZS-1，cacscientificccomputercemployingcacdynamicallycscheduled，csuperscalarcprocessorcarchitecture.cInc1989，checjoinedcCraycResearch，cInc.cincChippewacFalls，cWI.cWhilecatcCraycResearch，checheadedcacsmallcresearchcteamcthatcparticipatedcincthecdevelopmentcandcanalysiscofcfuturecsupercomputercarchitectures.c.1a1c1ac111c111a1a1 323Inc1994，checre-joinedcthecECEcDepartmentcatcthecUniversitycofcWisconsin.cHiscrecentcresearchcconcernscthecdevelopmentcofcthecvirtualcmachinecabstractioncascactechniquecforcprovidingchighcperformancecthroughcco-designcandctightccouplingcofcvirtualcmachinechardwarecandcsoftware.cProf.cSmithcwascthecrecipientcofcthec1999cACM/IEEEcEckert-MauchlycAwardcforchisccontributionsctocthecfieldcofccomputercarchitecture.c..2a2c2ac222c222a2a2 324RavicNalrcchascbeencacResearchcStaffMembercsincec1978catcthecIBMcThomascJ.cWatsoncResearchcCenter，cwherechechaschelpedcincthecarchitecturecandcdesigncofcacnumbercofcprocessors.cHechascworkedcincthecareascofccomputercarchitecture，cperformancecanalysis，cmultiprocessorcvirtualization，cdesigncautomation，candctesting，candchascseveralcpublications，cpatents，candcIBMcawardscincthesecareas.cAmongcthecmanycdesigncandcanalysisctoolschechascdevelopedcarecbinarycrewritingctoolscforcprofiling，ctracecgeneration，candcsimulation.cHisccurrentcinterestscincludecprocessorcmicroarchitecture，cdynamicccompilation，candcvirtualcmachinectechnology.cDr.cNaircgraduatedcwithcacB.Tech.cdegreecincelectronicscandcelectricalccommunicationcfromcIIT，cKharagpurcinc1974，candcwithcacPh.D.cdegreecincComputercSciencecfromcthecUniversitycofcIllinoiscinc1978.cHecspentcacsabbaticalcyearcatcPrincetoncUniversitycandchascalsoctaughtcatcColumbiacUniversity.cDr.cNairciscacmembercofcthecIBMcAcademycofcTechnologycandcacFellowcofcthecIEEE.c...3a3c3ac333c333a3a3

Chapter One
Introduction to Virtual Machines
1.1 Computer Architecture
1.2 virtual machine basics
1.3 process virtual machines
1.4 system virtual machines
1.5 A taxonomy
1.6 summary:the versatility of Virtual Machines
1.7 the rest of the book
Chapter Two
Emulation:interpretation and binary translation
2.1 basic interpretation
2.2 threaded interpretation
2.3 predecoding and direct threaded interpretation
2.4 interpreting a complex instruction set
2.5 binary translation
2.6 code discovery and dynamic translation
2.7 control transfer optimizations
2.8 Instruction set issues
2.9 case study:shade and the role of emulation during simulation
2.10 summary:performance tradeoffs
Chapter Three
Process virtual machines
3.1 virtual machine implementation
3.2 compatibility
3.3 state mapping
3.4 memory architecture emulation
3.5 instruction emulation
3.6 Exception Emulation
3.7 operating system emulation
3.8 Code cache management
3.9 System environment
3.10 Case study:FX!32
3.11 Summary
Chapter Four
Dynamic binary optimization
4.1 Dynamic program behavior
4.2 profiling
4.3 optimizing translation blocks
4.4 optimization framework
4.5 code reordering
4.6 code optimizations
4.7 same-ISA optimization systerms:special-case process virtual machines
4.8 summary
chapter five
high-level language virtual machine architecture
5.1 the pascal p-code virtual machine
5.2 object-oriented high-level language virtual machines
5.3 the jave virtual machine architecture
5.4 completing the platform:APIs
5.5 the microsoft common language infrastructure:a flexible high-level language virtual machine
5.6 summary:virtual ISA features
Chapter  six
high-level language virtual machinne implementation
6.1 dynamic class loading
6.2 implementing sdecurity
6.3 garbage collection
6.4 java native interface
6.5 basic emultion
6.6 high performance emulation
6.7 case study:the likes research virtual machine
6.8 summary
Chapter seven
codesigned virtual machines
7.1 Memory and register state mapping
7.2 self-modifying and self-Referencing
7.3 support for code caching
7.4 implementing precise traps
7.5 input/output
7.6 applying codesigned virtual machines
7.7 case study:transmeta crusoe
7.8 case study:IBM AS
7.9 summary
Chapter eight
system virtual machines
8.1 key concepts
8.2 Resource Virtualization-Processors
8.3 Resource Virtualization-Memory
8.4 resource virtualization-input/output
8.5 performance enhancement of system virtual machines
8.6 case study:V Mware virtual Platform
8.7 case study:the intel VT-x(Vanderpool)technology
8.8 summary
Chapter nine
Multiprocessor virtualization
9.1 Partitioning of multiprocessor systems
9.2 Physical Partitioning
9.3 logical Partitioning
9.4 case study:cellular disco system virtual machine -based partitioning
9.5 virtualization with different host and guest ISAs
9.6 summary
Chapter ten
Emerging applications
10.1 Security
10.2 migration of computing environments
10.3 grids:virtual organizations
10.4 sumary
Appendix A
real machines
A.1 Computer system hardware
A.2 the user ISA:computation
A.3 The system ISA:resource Management
A.4 Operating System organization
A.5 The operating system interface
A.6 system initialization
A.7 Multiprocessor architecture
A.8 Example instruction set architectures
References
Index