书籍详情
程序开发原理：抽象、规格与面向对象设计
作者：（美）利斯科瓦（Liskov, B）著
出版社：电子工业出版社
出版时间：2006-06-01
ISBN：9787121026935
定价：¥58.00
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内容简介
本书由著名编程理论专家所著，是美国麻省理工学院电子工程与计算机科学系的编程实践课程教材。书中讨论了怎样构建具有高可靠性、易于维护和快速修改的软件的开发方法，强调了软件的模块化开发思想，用丰富的实例告诉读者怎样进行模块化并合理地组织各种模块以构成大型软件系统的过程。该书的前8章首次提出编程领域中的一些十分有用的抽象概念，如过程抽象、迭代抽象以及最重要的数据抽象等。此外，本书通过大量的例子，用非形式化的规范来详细定义这些数据抽象，描述模块所需完成的任务，并定义了模块所需的性能边界条件。该书的后7章主要讲述了怎样利用抽象构建大型软件，主要侧重于软件工程的内容，基于类型层次结构提出对于数据抽象的调试、测试、需求分析、自顶向下和迭代的开发过程，还简要介绍了设计模式的概念。这是一本传授思想的书籍，能使读者透过现象看到本质，从而掌握编写程序的关键。本书非常适合作为软件学院的教材，在低年级即可培养学生对于事物的抽象能力。此外，本书也非常适合软件开发人员参考。本书还讨论了以下主题：■展示满足规格的程序实现和封装过程■在程序设计的简单化和性能之间如何权衡■帮助读者理解和推断程序代码的技巧，重点讲解了抽象数据类型和抽象函数■类型层次及其在定义相关数据抽象时的运用■调试、分析和需求分析■采用自顶向下、迭代过程方法和设计模式的程序设计与方法书中的例子采用Java语言描述，但是所提出的技术并不受语言影响。本书也对主要的Java概念进行了介绍，以帮助那些可能对该语言还不太熟悉的程序员。
作者简介
美国麻省理工学院电子工程与计算机科学系资深教授。她是美国国家工程院院士，在程序评议、分布式计算、程序设计方法论以及软件工程领域做出了卓越的贡献，曾与JohnGuttag合著了AbstractionandSpecificationinProgramDvevlopemt.
目录
1 Introduction
1.1 Decomposition and Abstraction
1.2 Abstraction
1.2.1 Abstraction by Parameterization
1.2.2 Abstraction by Specification
1.2.3 Kinds of Abstractions
1.3 The Remainder of the Book
Exercises
2 Understanding Objects in Java
2.1 Program Structure
2.2 Packages
2.3 Objects and Variables
2.3.1 Mutability
2.3.2 Method Call Semantics
2.4 Type Checking
2.4.1 Type Hierarchy
2.4.2 Conversions and Overloading
2.5 Dispatching
2.6 Types
2.6.1 Primitive Object Types
2.6.2 Vectors
2.7 Stream Input/Output
2.8 Java Applications
Exercises
3 Procedural Abstraction
3.1 The Benefits of Abstraction
3.2 Specifications
3.3 Specifications of Procedural Abstractions
3.4 Implementing Procedures
3.5 Designing Procedural Abstractions
3.6 Summary
Exercises
4 Exceptions
4.1 Specifications
4.2 The Java Exception Mechanism
4.2.1 Exception Types
4.2.2 Defining Exception Types
4.2.3 Throwing Exceptions
4.2.4 Handling Exceptions
4.2.5 Coping with Unchecked Exceptions
4.3 Programming with Exceptions
4.3.1 Reflecting and Masking
4.4 Design Issues
4.4.1 When to Use Exceptions
4.4.2 Checked versus Unchecked Exceptions
4.5 Defensive Programming
4.6 Summary
Exercises
5 Data Abstraction
5.1 Specifications for Data Abstractions
5.1.1 Specification of IntSet
5.1.2 The Poly Abstraction
5.2 Using Data Abstractions
5.3 Implementing Data Abstractions
5.3.1 Implementing Data Abstractions in Java
5.3.2 Implementation of IntSet
5.3.3 Implementation of Poly
5.3.4 Records
5.4 Additional Methods
5.5 Aids to Understanding Implementations
5.5.1 The Abstraction Function
5.5.2 The Representation Invariant
5.5.3 Implementing the Abstraction Function and Rep Invariant
5.5.4 Discussion
5.6 Properties of Data Abstraction Implementations
5.6.1 Benevolent Side Effects
5.6.2 Exposing the Rep
5.7 Reasoning about Data Abstractions
5.7.1 Preserving the Rep Invariant
5.7.2 Reasoning about Operations
5.7.3 Reasoning at the Abstract Level
5.8 Design Issues
5.8.1 Mutability
5.8.2 Operation Categories
5.8.3 Adequacy
5.9 Locality and Modifiability
5.10 Summary
Exercises
6 Iteration Abstraction
6.1 Iteration in Java
6.2 Specifying Iterators
6.3 Using Iterators
6.4 Implementing Iterators
6.5 Rep Invariants and Abstraction Functions for Generators
6.6 Ordered Lists
6.7 Design Issues
6.8 Summary
Exercises
7 Type Hierarchy
7.1 Assignment and Dispatching
7.1.1 Assignment
7.1.2 Dispatching
7.2 Defining a Type Hierarchy
7.3 Defining Hierarchies in Java
7.4 A Simple Example
7.5 Exception Types
7.6 Abstract Classes
7.7 Interfaces
7.8 Multiple Implementations
7.8.1 Lists
7.8.2 Polynomials
7.9 The Meaning of Subtypes
7.9.1 The Methods Rule
7.9.2 The Properties Rule
7.9.3 Equality
7.10 Discussion of Type Hierarchy
7.11 Summary
Exercises
8 Polymorphic Abstractions
8.1 Polymorphic Data Abstractions
8.2 Using Polymorphic Data Abstractions
8.3 Equality Revisited
8.4 Additional Methods
8.5 More Flexibility
8.6 Polymorphic Procedures
8.7 Summary
Exercises
9 Specifications
9.1 Specifications and Specificand Sets
9.2 Some Criteria for Specifications
9.2.1 Restrictiveness
9.2.2 Generality
9.2.3 Clarity
9.3 Why Specifications?
9.4 Summary
Exercises
10 Testing and Debugging
10.1 Testing
10.1.1 Black-Box Testing
10.1.2 Glass-Box Testing
10.2 Testing Procedures
10.3 Testing Iterators
10.4 Testing Data Abstractions
10.5 Testing Polymorphic Abstractions
10.6 Testing a Type Hierarchy
10.7 Unit and Integration Testing 10.8 Tools for Testing
10.9 Debugging
10.10 Defensive Programming
10.11 Summary
Exercises
11 Requirements Analysis
11.1 The Software Life Cycle
11.2 Requirements Analysis Overview
11.3 The Stock Tracker
11.4 Summary
Exercises
12 Requirements Specifications
12.1 Data Models
12.1.1 Subsets
12.1.2 Relations
12.1.3 Textual Information
12.2 Requirements Specifications
12.3 Requirements Specification for Stock Tracker
12.3.1 The Data Model
12.3.2 Stock Tracker Specification
12.4 Requirements Specification for a Search Engine
12.5 Summary
Exercises
13 Design
13.1 An Overview of the Design Process
13.2 The Design Notebook
13.2.1 The Introductory Section
13.2.2 The Abstraction Sections
13.3 The Structure of Interactive Programs
13.4 Starting the Design
13.5 Discussion of the Method
13.6 Continuing the Design
13.7 The Query Abstraction
13 8 The WordTable Abstraction
13.9 Finishing Up
13.10 Interaction between FP and UI
13.11 Module Dependency Diagrams versus Data Models
13.12 Review and Discussion
13.12.1 Inventing Helpers
13.12.2 Specifying Helpers
13.12.3 Continuing the Design
13.12.4 The Design Notebook
13.13 Top-Down Design
13.14 Summary
Exercises
14 Between Design and Implementation
14.1 Evaluating a Design
14.1.1 Correctness and Performance
14.1.2 Structure
14.2 Ordering the Program development Process
14.3 Summary
Exercises
15 Design Patterns
15.1 Hiding Object Creation
15.2 Neat Hacks
15.2.1 Flyweights
15.2.2 Singletons
15.2.3 The State Pattern
15.3 The Bridge Pattern
15.4 Procedures Should Be Objects Too
15.5 Composites
15.5.1 Traversing the Tree
15.6 The Power of Indirection
15.7 Publish/Subscribe
15.7.1 Abstracting Control
15.8 Summary
Exercises
Glossary
Index
1.1 Decomposition and Abstraction
1.2 Abstraction
1.2.1 Abstraction by Parameterization
1.2.2 Abstraction by Specification
1.2.3 Kinds of Abstractions
1.3 The Remainder of the Book
Exercises
2 Understanding Objects in Java
2.1 Program Structure
2.2 Packages
2.3 Objects and Variables
2.3.1 Mutability
2.3.2 Method Call Semantics
2.4 Type Checking
2.4.1 Type Hierarchy
2.4.2 Conversions and Overloading
2.5 Dispatching
2.6 Types
2.6.1 Primitive Object Types
2.6.2 Vectors
2.7 Stream Input/Output
2.8 Java Applications
Exercises
3 Procedural Abstraction
3.1 The Benefits of Abstraction
3.2 Specifications
3.3 Specifications of Procedural Abstractions
3.4 Implementing Procedures
3.5 Designing Procedural Abstractions
3.6 Summary
Exercises
4 Exceptions
4.1 Specifications
4.2 The Java Exception Mechanism
4.2.1 Exception Types
4.2.2 Defining Exception Types
4.2.3 Throwing Exceptions
4.2.4 Handling Exceptions
4.2.5 Coping with Unchecked Exceptions
4.3 Programming with Exceptions
4.3.1 Reflecting and Masking
4.4 Design Issues
4.4.1 When to Use Exceptions
4.4.2 Checked versus Unchecked Exceptions
4.5 Defensive Programming
4.6 Summary
Exercises
5 Data Abstraction
5.1 Specifications for Data Abstractions
5.1.1 Specification of IntSet
5.1.2 The Poly Abstraction
5.2 Using Data Abstractions
5.3 Implementing Data Abstractions
5.3.1 Implementing Data Abstractions in Java
5.3.2 Implementation of IntSet
5.3.3 Implementation of Poly
5.3.4 Records
5.4 Additional Methods
5.5 Aids to Understanding Implementations
5.5.1 The Abstraction Function
5.5.2 The Representation Invariant
5.5.3 Implementing the Abstraction Function and Rep Invariant
5.5.4 Discussion
5.6 Properties of Data Abstraction Implementations
5.6.1 Benevolent Side Effects
5.6.2 Exposing the Rep
5.7 Reasoning about Data Abstractions
5.7.1 Preserving the Rep Invariant
5.7.2 Reasoning about Operations
5.7.3 Reasoning at the Abstract Level
5.8 Design Issues
5.8.1 Mutability
5.8.2 Operation Categories
5.8.3 Adequacy
5.9 Locality and Modifiability
5.10 Summary
Exercises
6 Iteration Abstraction
6.1 Iteration in Java
6.2 Specifying Iterators
6.3 Using Iterators
6.4 Implementing Iterators
6.5 Rep Invariants and Abstraction Functions for Generators
6.6 Ordered Lists
6.7 Design Issues
6.8 Summary
Exercises
7 Type Hierarchy
7.1 Assignment and Dispatching
7.1.1 Assignment
7.1.2 Dispatching
7.2 Defining a Type Hierarchy
7.3 Defining Hierarchies in Java
7.4 A Simple Example
7.5 Exception Types
7.6 Abstract Classes
7.7 Interfaces
7.8 Multiple Implementations
7.8.1 Lists
7.8.2 Polynomials
7.9 The Meaning of Subtypes
7.9.1 The Methods Rule
7.9.2 The Properties Rule
7.9.3 Equality
7.10 Discussion of Type Hierarchy
7.11 Summary
Exercises
8 Polymorphic Abstractions
8.1 Polymorphic Data Abstractions
8.2 Using Polymorphic Data Abstractions
8.3 Equality Revisited
8.4 Additional Methods
8.5 More Flexibility
8.6 Polymorphic Procedures
8.7 Summary
Exercises
9 Specifications
9.1 Specifications and Specificand Sets
9.2 Some Criteria for Specifications
9.2.1 Restrictiveness
9.2.2 Generality
9.2.3 Clarity
9.3 Why Specifications?
9.4 Summary
Exercises
10 Testing and Debugging
10.1 Testing
10.1.1 Black-Box Testing
10.1.2 Glass-Box Testing
10.2 Testing Procedures
10.3 Testing Iterators
10.4 Testing Data Abstractions
10.5 Testing Polymorphic Abstractions
10.6 Testing a Type Hierarchy
10.7 Unit and Integration Testing 10.8 Tools for Testing
10.9 Debugging
10.10 Defensive Programming
10.11 Summary
Exercises
11 Requirements Analysis
11.1 The Software Life Cycle
11.2 Requirements Analysis Overview
11.3 The Stock Tracker
11.4 Summary
Exercises
12 Requirements Specifications
12.1 Data Models
12.1.1 Subsets
12.1.2 Relations
12.1.3 Textual Information
12.2 Requirements Specifications
12.3 Requirements Specification for Stock Tracker
12.3.1 The Data Model
12.3.2 Stock Tracker Specification
12.4 Requirements Specification for a Search Engine
12.5 Summary
Exercises
13 Design
13.1 An Overview of the Design Process
13.2 The Design Notebook
13.2.1 The Introductory Section
13.2.2 The Abstraction Sections
13.3 The Structure of Interactive Programs
13.4 Starting the Design
13.5 Discussion of the Method
13.6 Continuing the Design
13.7 The Query Abstraction
13 8 The WordTable Abstraction
13.9 Finishing Up
13.10 Interaction between FP and UI
13.11 Module Dependency Diagrams versus Data Models
13.12 Review and Discussion
13.12.1 Inventing Helpers
13.12.2 Specifying Helpers
13.12.3 Continuing the Design
13.12.4 The Design Notebook
13.13 Top-Down Design
13.14 Summary
Exercises
14 Between Design and Implementation
14.1 Evaluating a Design
14.1.1 Correctness and Performance
14.1.2 Structure
14.2 Ordering the Program development Process
14.3 Summary
Exercises
15 Design Patterns
15.1 Hiding Object Creation
15.2 Neat Hacks
15.2.1 Flyweights
15.2.2 Singletons
15.2.3 The State Pattern
15.3 The Bridge Pattern
15.4 Procedures Should Be Objects Too
15.5 Composites
15.5.1 Traversing the Tree
15.6 The Power of Indirection
15.7 Publish/Subscribe
15.7.1 Abstracting Control
15.8 Summary
Exercises
Glossary
Index
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