统计物理学第1分册第3版

　　本套教程是一部近代理论物理学巨著，是本世纪中期以来最重要、最全面、影响最大的理论物理学教程。原著为俄文，现已有6种语言的全译本和10余种语言的分卷译本，其英译本也已多次重印。本教程由20世纪杰出的理论物理学家、前苏联科学院院士Landau和他的学生Lifshitz撰写，于50年代开始陆续出版，后经Lifshitz和Pitaevskii多次修订，成为世界公认的经典著作。本套教程共分10卷，涵盖了近代理论物理学从微观到宏观的全部分支。其特点是取材丰富，论证严谨，推导方法独特。全书给读者以清晰的物理图像，而不是用繁杂的数学公式掩盖问题的物理实质；尽可能清楚地探求支配复杂现象的物理规律之间的相互关系而不是将物理规律复杂化。本套教程附有大量的例题和习题，是大学物理系师生、研究生和理论物理学工作者必备之重要参考书。

暂缺《统计物理学第1分册第3版》作者简介

   CONTENTS   Preface to the third Russian edition   From the prefaces to previous Russian editions   Nolation   I. THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS    1. Statistical distributions    2. Statistical independence    3. Liouville''s theorem    4. The significance of energy    5. The statistical matrix    6. Statistical distributions in quantum statistics    7. Entropy    8. The law of incrcase ofentropy   11. THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES    9. Temperature    10. Macroscopic motion    11. Adiabatic processes    12.Pressure    13. Work and quantity of heat    14. The heat function    15. The free energy and the therrnodynamic potential    16. Relations between the derivatives of thermodynamic quantities    17. The thermodynamic scale of temperature    18. The Joule-Thomson process    19. Maximum work    20. Maximum work done by a body in an extemal medium    21. Thermodynamic inequalities    22. Le Chatelier''s principle    23. Nemst''s theorem    24. The dependence of the thermodynamic quantities on the number of particles    25. Equilibrium of a body in an extemal field    26. Rotating bodies    27. Thermodynamic relations in the relativistic region   111. THE GIBBS DISTRIBUTION    28. The Gibbs distribution    29. The Maxwellian distribution    30. The probability distribution for an oscillator    31. The free energy in the Gibbs distribution    32. Thermodynamic perturbation theory    33. Expansion in powers of fi    34. The Gibbs distribution for rotating bodies    35. The Gibbs distribution for a variable number of particles    36. The derivation of the thermodynamic relations from the Gibbs distribution   IV. IDEAL GASES    37. The Boltzmann distribution    38. The Boltzmann distribution in classical statistics    39. Molecular collisions    40. Ideal gases not in equilibrium    41. The free energy of an ideal Boltzmann gas    42. The equation of state of an ideal gas    43. Ideal gases with constant specific heat    44. The law of equipartition    45. Monatomic ideal gases    46. Monatomic gases. The effect of the electronic angular momentum    47. Diatomic gases with molecules of unlike atoms. Rotation of molecules    48. Diatomic gases with molecules of like atoms. Rotation of moleculcs    49. Diatomic gases. Vibrations of atoms    50. Diatomic gases. The effect of the electronic angular momentum    51. Polyatomic gases    52. Magnetism of gases   V. THE FERMl AND BOSE DISTRIBUTIONS    53. The Fermi distribution    54. The Bose distribution    55. Fermi and Bose gases not in equilibrium    56. Fermi and Bose gases of elementary particles    57. A degenerate electron gas    58. The specific heat of a degenerate electron gas    59. Magnetism of an electron gas. Weak fields    60. Magnetism of an electron gas. Strong fields    61. A relativistic degenerate electron gas    62. A degenerate Bose gas    63. Black-body radiation   Vl SOLIDS    64. Solids at low temperatures    65. Solids at high temperatures    66. Debye''s interpolation formula    67. Thennal expansion of solids    68. Highly anisotropic crystals    69. Crystal lattice vibrations    70. Number density of vibrations    71. Phonons    72. Phonon creation and annihilation operators    73. Negative temperatures   VII. NON-IDEAL GASES    74. Deviations of gases from the ideal state    75. Expansion in powers of the density    76. Van der Waals'' formula    77. Relationship of the virial coefflcient and the scattering amplitude    78. Thermodynamic quantities for a classical plasma     79. The method of correlation functions    80. Thermodynamic quantities for a degenerate plasma   VIII. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM     81. Conditions of phase equilibrium     82. The Clapeyron-Clausius fonnula     83. The critical point     84. The law of corresponding states   IX. SOLUTIONS     85. Systems containing different particles     86. The phase rule     87. Weak solutions     88. Osmotic pressure     89. Solvent phases in contact     90. Equilibrium with respect to the solute     91. Evolution of heat and change of volume on dissolution     92. Solutions of strong electrolytes     93. Mixtures ofideal gases     94. Mixtures of isotopes     95. Vapour pressure over concentrated solutions     96. Thennodynamic inequalities for solutions     97. Equilibrium curves     98. Examples of phase diagrams     99. Intersection of singular curves on the cquilibrium surface     100. Gases and liquids   X CHEMICAL REACTIONS     101. The condition for chemical equilibrium     102. The law of mass action     103. Heat ofreaction     104. lonisation equilibrium     105. Equilibrium with respect to pair production   XI PROPERTIES OF MATTER AT VERY HIGH DENSITY     106. The equation of state of matter at high density     107. Equilibrium of bodies of large mass     108. The energy of a gravitating body     109. Equilibrium of a neutron sphere   XII. FLUCTUATIONS     110. The Gaussian distribution     111. The Gaussian distribution for more than one variable     112. Fluctuations of the fundamental thennodynamic quantities     113. Fluctuations in an ideal gas     114. Poisson''s formula     115. Fluctuations in solutions     116. Spatial correlation of density fluctuations     117. Correlation of density fluctuations in a degenerate gas     118. Correlations of fluctuations in time     119. Time correlations of the fluctuations of more than one variable     120. The symmetry of the kinetic coefficients     121. The dissipative function     122. Spectral resolution of fluctuations     123. The generalised susceptibility     124. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem     125. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem for more than one variable     126. The operator fonn of the generalised susceptibility     127. Fluctuations in the curvature of long molecules   XIII. THE SYMMETRY OF CRYSTAL.S     128. Symmetry elements of a crystal lattice     129. The Bravais lattice     130. Crystal systems   131. Crystal classes     132. Spacegroups     133. The reciprocal lattice     134. Irreducible representations ofspace groups     135. Symmetry under time reversal     136. Symmetry properties of normal vibrations of a crystal lattice     137. Structures periodic in one and two dimensions     138. The correlation function in two-dimensional systems     139. Symmetry with respect to orientation of molecules     140. Nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals     141. Fluctuations in liquid crystals   XIV. PHASE TRANSITIONS OF THE SECOND KIND AND CRITICAL   PHENOMENA     142. Phase transitions of the second kind     143. The discontinuity of specific heat     144. Effect of an extemal field on a phase transition     145. Change i