生物有机化学

　　片断：Chapter1IntroductiontoBioorganicChemistry"llmightbehelpful10rrminiliwrselvesrcglariyofthesizcttbleincompletenessofourunderstanding.notonlyofourselves（tsindividualsandusilgroup，hutalsoofNatureandtheworldaroundus.N.Hai-kermanScience183.907（1974）1.1BasicConsiderationsAmongthefirstpersonstodevelopbioorientedorganicprojectswasF.H.Westheimer.inthe1950s.Hewasprobabiythefirstphysicalorganicchemisttodoseriousstudiesot'biochemicalreactions.However.itwasonlytwentyvearslaterthatthefieldblossumedtowhatisnowacceptedasbioorganicchemistry.Bioorganicchemistrvisadisciplinethatisessentialtyconcernedwiththeapplicationofthetoolsot'chemistrytotheunderstandingolbio-chemicalprocesses.Suchanunderstandingisot'tenachievedwiththeaidot'moleculurmodelschemicallysynthesizedinthelaboratory.Thisallowsa"sortingout"ofthemanyvariableparameterssimultaneouslyoperativewithinthebiologicalsystem.Forexample.howdoesabiologicatmembranework？Onebuildsasimplemodelofknowncompositionsandstudiesasinglebehavior，suchasaniontransportproperty.Howdoesthebrainwork？Thisisbyfarz，morecomplicatedsystemthanthepreviouscxample.Againonestudiessinglesynapsesandsinglesynaptieconstituentsandthenasestheobservationstoconstructamodel.Organicchemistsdevelopsyntheticmethodologytobetterunderstandorganicmechanismsandcreatenewcompounds.Ontheotherhand，biochemistsstudylifeprocessesbymeansofbiochemicalmethodology：enzymepurificationandassay，radioisotopictracerstudiesininvivosystems.Theformerpossessthemethodologytosynthesizebiologicalanalogsbutoftenfailtoappreciatewhichsynthesiswouldberelevant.Thelatterpossessanappreciationofwhatwouldbeusefultosynthesizeinthelaboratorybutnottheexpertisetopursuetheproblem.Theneedforthemultidisciplinaryapproachbecomesobvious，andthebioorganicchemistwilloftenhavetwolaboratories：oneforsynthesisandanotherforbiologicalstudy.Anewdimensionresultsfromthiscombinationofchemicalandbiologicalsciences，thatis，theconceptofmodelbuildingtostudyandsortoutthevariousparametersofacomplexbiologicalprocess.Bymeansofsimpleorganicmodels，manybiologicalreactionsaswellasthespecificityandefficiencyoftheenzymesinvolvedhavebeenrepro-ducedinthetesttube.Thesuccessofmanyofthesemodelsindicatestheprogressthathasbeenmadeinunderstandingthechemistryoperativeinbiologicalsystems.Extrapolationofthismultidisciplmarysciencetothepathologicalstateisamajorthemeofthepharmaceuticalindustry-organicchemistsandpharmacologistsworking"sidebyside，"sothatbioorganicchemistryistobiochemistryandmedicinalchemistryistopharmacology.Whatarethetoolsneededforbioorganicmodelstudies？Organicandphysicalorganicchemicalprincipleswillprovide.bytheirverynature，thebestopportunitiesformodelbuilding-modelingmoleculareventsthatformthebasisoflife.Alargeportionoforganicchemistryhasbeenclassicallydevotedtonaturalproducts.Manyofthoseresultshaveturnedouttobewonderfultoolsforthediscoveryandcharacterizationofspecificmoleculareventsinlivingsystems.Think，forinstance，ofthedevelop-mentofantibiotics，certainalkaloids，andthedesignofnewdrugsforthemedicineot'todayandtomorrow.Alllivingprocessesrequireenergy，whichisobtainedbyperformingchemicalreactionsinsidecells.Thesebiochemicalprocessesarebasedonchemicaldynamicsandinvolvereductionsandoxidations.Biologicaloxidationsarethusthemainsourceofenergytodriveanumberofendergonicbiologicaltransformations.Manyofthereactionsinvolvecombustionoffoodssuchassugarsandlipidstoproduceenergythatisusedforavarietyofessentialfunctionssuchasgrowth，replication，maintenance，muscularwork.andheatpro-duction.Thesetransformationsarealsorelatedtooxygenuptake;breathingisabiochemicalprocessbywhichmolecularoxygenisreducedtowater.Throughoutthesepathways，energyisstoredintheformofadenosnetriphosphate（ATP），anenergy-richcompoundknownastheuniversalproductofenergetictransactions.

暂缺《生物有机化学》作者简介

Contents
SeriesPreface
PrefacetotheThirdEdition
PrefacetotheSecondEdition
PrefacetotheFirstEdition
Chapter1
IntroductiontoBioorganicChemistry
1.1BasicConsiderations
1.2ProximityEffectsinOrganicChemistry
1.3MolecularAdaptation
1.4MolecularRecognitionandtheSupramolecularLevel
Chapter2
BioorganicChemistryofAminoAcidsandPolypeptides
2.1ChemistryoftheLivingCells
2.2AnalogyBetweenOrganicReactionsandBiochemicalTransformations
2.3ChemistryofthePeptideBond
2.4NonribosomalPeptideBondForrnation
2.5AsymmetricSynthesisofa-AminoAcids
2.6AsymmetricSynthesiswithChiralOrganometallicCatalysts
2.7TransitionStateAnalogs
2.8AntibodiesasEnzymes
2.9ChemicalMutations
2.10MoiecularRecognitionandDrugUesign
Chapter3
BioorganicChemistryofthePhosphateGroups
andPolynucleotides
3.1BasicConsiderations
3.2EnergyStorage
3.3HydrolyticPathwaysandPseudorotation
3.4DNAIntercalants
Chapter4
EnzymeChemistry
4.1IntroductiontoCatalysis
4.2IntroductiontoEnzymes
4.3MultifunctionalCatalysisandSimpleModels
4.4a-Chymotrypsin
4.5OtherHydrolyticEnzymes
4.6StereoelectronicControlinHydrolyticReactions
4.7ImmobilizedEnzymesandEnzymeTechnology
4.8EnzymesinSyntheticOrganicChemistry
4.9Enzyme-Analog-BuiltPolymers
4.10DesignofMolecularClefts
Chapter5
EnzymeModels
5.1Host-GuestComplexationChemistry
5.2NewDevelopmentsinCrownEtherChemistry
5.3MembraneChemistryandMicelles
5.4Polymers
5.5Cyclodextrins
5.6EnzymeDesignUsingSteroidTemplate
5.7RemoteFunctionalizationReactions
5.8BiomimeticPolyeneCyclizations
Chapter6
Metallons
6.1MetallonsinProteinsandBiologicalMolecules
6.2CarboxypeptidaseAandtheRoleofZinc
6.3HydrolysisofAminoAcidEstersandAmidesandPeptides
6.4IronandOxygenTransport
6.5Copperlon
6.6BiomodelsofPhotosynthesisandEnergyTransfer
6.7CobaltandVitaminBAction
Chapter7
CoenzymeChemistry
7.1Oxidoreduction
7.2Pyridoxa!Phosphate
7.3SuicideEnzymeInactivatorsandAffinityLabels
7.4ThiaminePyrophosphate
7.5Biotin
Chapter8
MolecularDevices
8.1IntroductionloSelf-OrganizationandSeif-Assembly
8.2GeneralOverviewoftheApproach
8.3SpecificExamples
References