Effective C++ Third Edition：改善程序技术与设计思维的55个有效做法（英文版）

　　有人说C++程序员可以分成两类，读过Effective C++的和没读过的。然而世界顶级C++大师Scott Meyers成名之作的第三版的确这样深入。或许有点夸张了，但无论如何，当您拥有这本书之后，就获得了迅速提升自己C++功力的一个契机。在国际上﹐本书所引起的反响之大﹐波及整个计算器技术出版领域﹐余音至今未绝。几乎在所有C++书籍的推荐名单上﹐本书都会位于前三名。作者高超的技术把握力﹐独特的视角﹑诙谐轻松的写作风格﹑独具匠心的内容组织﹐都受到极大的推崇和仿效。甚至连本书简洁明快的命名风格﹐也有着一种特殊的号召力﹐我可以轻易列举出一大堆类似名字﹐比如Meyers本人的More Effective C++和Effective STL﹐Don Box的EffectiveCOM﹐Stan Lippman主编的Efficient C++系列﹐Herb Sutter的Exceptional C++等等。要知道﹐这可不是出版社的有意安排﹐而且上面这些作者﹐同样是各自领域里的绝顶大师﹐决非人云亦云﹑欺世盗名之辈。这种奇特的现象﹐只能解释为人们对这本书衷心的赞美和推崇。这本书不是读完一遍就可以束之高阁的快餐读物，也不是能够立刻解决手边问题的参考手册，而是需要您去反复阅读体会，极力融入自己思想之中，融入自己每一次敲击键盘的动作之中。C++是真正程序员的语言，背后有着精深的思想与无以伦比的表达能力，这使得它具有类似宗教般的魅力。希望这本书能够帮助您跨越C++的重重险阻，领略高处才有的壮美，做一个成功而快乐的C++程序员。

　　Scott Meyers，is one of the world s foremost experts on C++ software development He is author of the best-selling Effective C++ series （Effective C++，More Effective C++，and Effective STL） ，designer and author of the innovative Effective C++ CD，consulting editor for Addison-Wesley s Effective Software Development Series;and a member of theadvisory board for Software Development magaxine.He has served on the technical advisory boards for seveal start-up companies Meyers received his Ph，D，ln computer science from Brown University in 1993.His web site is www.aristeia.com.

Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction    1
Chapter 1：Accustoming Yourselft0 C++    11
  Item 1：View C++as a flederation oflanguages．    11
  Item 2：Prefler consts，enums，and inlines to #defines．    13
  Item 3：Use const whenever pOSSible．17
  Item 4：Make sure that objects are initialized before they're used． 26
Chapter 2：C0nstI'Uctors，DestI'Uctors，and
    Assignment operators    34
  Item 5：Know what functions C++silently writes and calls．    34
  Item 6：Explicitly disanOW the use of compilergenerated
    functions yOH do not want．    37
  Item 7：Declare destruetors virtual in polymorphic base dasses．    40
  Item 8：Prevent exceptions flrom leaVing destructors．    44
  Item 9：Never call Virtual functions during construetion Or destruction．    48
  Item 10：Have assignment operators return a reference tO*this．    52
  Item 11：Handle assignment to self in operator=．    53
  Item 19：CoPY a11 parts 0fan 0bject．    57
Chapter 3：Resource ManageInent    61
  Item 13：Use objects to manage resources．    61
    Item 14：Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing cIasses．    66
    Item 15：Provide access t0 raw resources in resourcemanaging classes．69
    Item 16：Use the same form in corresponding uses 0f new and delete．73
    Item 17：store newed 0bjects in smart pointers in standalone statements．75
Chapter 4：Designs and Declarations 78
    Item 18：Make interfaces easy t0 use correctly and hard t0 use incorrectly．    78
    Item 19：Treat claSS design as type design．    84
    Item 20：Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const t0 pass_by-value．    86
    Item 21：Don’try to return a refefence when you must return an o bject．    90
    Item 22：Declare data members private．    q4
    Item 23：Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions．    98
    Item 24：Declare non-member functions when type
    conversions shonld apply to a11 parameters．    102
  Item 25：Consider SUpport for a non-throwing swap．    106
Chapter 5：Implementations    113
    Item 26：P0stpone variable definitions as 10ng as possible．  113
    Item 27：Minimize casting．    116
    Item 28：Avoid returning“handles”to object internals． 123
    Itam 29：strive for exception-safe code．    127
    Item 30：Understand the ins and outs 0f inlining．    134
    Item 31：Minimize compilation dependencies between files．    140
Chapter 6：Inheritance and 0bject一0riented Design    149
Item 32：Make sure public inheritance models“is-a．”    150
Item 33：Avoid hiding inherited names．    156
Item 34：DifieFentiate between inheritance of interface and
    inheritance of implementation．161
  Item 35：COIlSider alternatives to virtual functions．    169
  Item 36：Never redefine an inherited non-virtnal fLlnction．    178
   Item 37: Never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value.           18o
   Item 38: Model "has-a" or is-implemented-in-terms-of' through composition.    184
   Item 39: Use private inheritance judiciously.        187
   Item 40: Use multiple inheritance judiciously.           192
Chapter 7: Templates and Generic Programming        199
   Item 41: Understand implicit interfaces and compiletime polymorphism.  199
   Item 42: Understand the two meanings of typename.       203
   Item 43: Know how to access names in templatized base classes.    207
   Item 44: Factor parameter-independent code out of templates. 219
   Item 45: Use member function templates to accept "all compatible types."        218
   Item 46: Define non-member functions inside templates
when type conversions are desired. 222
  Item 47: Use traits classes for information about types.      226
  Item 48: Be aware of template metaprogramming.           233
Chapter 8: Customizing new and delete                 939
  Item 49: Understand the behavior of the new-handler.          240
  Item 5o: Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete.   247
  Item 51: Adhere to convention when writing new and delete.         252
  Item 52: Write placement delete if you write placement new.        256
Chapter 9: Miscellany                  262
  Item 53: Pay attention to compiler warnings.              262
  Item 54: Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including TR1.           263
  Item 55: Familiarize yourself with Boost.                      269
Appendix A: Beyond Effective C++ 273
Appendix B: Item Mappings Between Second  and Third Editions  977
Index                        280