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信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）
作者：（美国）哈奇森著
出版社：高等教育出版社
出版时间：2001-05-01
ISBN：9787040100440
定价：¥33.00
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内容简介
《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》综合介绍信息技术的知识、技能以及与信息技术相关的人文和社会方面的内容。作为各专业的信息技术导论性课程，《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》既介绍了计算机软硬系统的基础知识，同时也介绍了如何使用计算机处理日常报表、报告、数据库、通信等。《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》尽可能地将最有用的信息综合起来提供给读者，因此，《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》具有如下特点：①覆盖面广。几乎包含了要了解IT技术所必须掌握的所有核心概念和内容，详而不繁。②实用性强。所讲述的软件都是最新的，涉及的内容包罗万象。③复习巩固提高。每章都有关键问题表，章末都有“是什么、怎么做、为什么重要”式的小结，每章都有自我测试题和思考题。④丰富的补充材料。有教师参考资料（试题库、教师手册、PowerPoint幻灯片）、视频片段、互动式配套光盘、自助学习系统，提供两种自我测试软件。内容：1. 概述 2. 硬件 3. I/O硬件 4. 存储器 5. 系统软件 6. 应用软件 7. 通信技术8. 通信技术的使用 9. 信息系统的分析与设计 10. 软件编程与语言 11. 信息管理 12. 文件与数据库 13. 高级计算 14. 种族、隐私、安全与社会问题。
作者简介
作者RichardMurch现在美国俄亥俄州从事顾问工作，并担任项目经理的职务，曾供职于IBM公司、Andersen咨询公司，经常在北美、欧亚等地的系统开发会议中作演讲，在这一领域具有很高的权威性。
目录
1 Overview: The Foundation for Your Future 1.1
1.1 Who is the User?－Mostly People Like You l.2
1.2 The Importance of Becoming Computer Literate and Computer Competent l.3
1.3 What is a Computer-Based information System? 1.4
The Digital Basis of Computers 1.6
The Analog Basis of Life 1.7
1.4 Computer Hardware 1.8
Input Hardware 1.8
Processing and Memory (Primary Storage)
Hardware 1.10
Output Hardware 1.11
Secondary Storage Hardware 1.11
Communications Hardware 1.11
1.5 Computer Software 1.12
System Software: The Computer's Boss 1.12
Applications Software: Your Servant 1.12
1.6 Types of Computer Systems: What's the Difference? 1. 13
1.7 Milestones in Computer Development I .16
The Evolution of Computers: March of the Generations 1.17
The Information Explosion: Data Overload or Knowledge 1.20
1.8 Computing Trends: Connectivity, Interactivity, and Digital Convergence 1.21
Connectivity 1.21
Interactivity 1.23
Digital Convergence 1.24
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Real Estate 1.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Government and Politics 1.26
Summary 1.27
Exercises 1.33
EPISODE l: Starting a Web Business E1.36
2 Processing Hardware: Turning Data into Something You Can Use 2.1
2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer 2.4
Binary Coding Schemes 2.4
The Parity Bit: Checking for Errors 2.5
Machine Language: Your Brand of Computer's Very Own Language 2.6
How Computer Capacity is Expressed: Bit by Bit 2.7
2.2 The Processor Main Memory, and Registers 2.8
The Processor: In Charge 2.8
Specialized Processor Chips: Assistants to the CPU 2.9
CISC RISC，and MPP: Not All Processors Are Created Equal 2.11
Main Memory: clerking Storage Area for the CPU 2.11
Registers 2.12
The Machine Cycle: How a Single Instruction Is Processed 2.12
2.3 Telling Computers Apart: RAM Capacity, Word Size, and Processor Speed 2.13
RAM Capacity 2.14
Word Size 2.14
Processing Speeds 2.15
2.4 Focus on the Microcomputer: What's Inside? 2.15
The Power Supply 2.16
The Motherboard 2.17
The Microprocessor 2.17
RAM Chips 2.19
ROM Chips 2.19
Other Forms of Memory 2.20
Ports: Connecting Peripherals 2.21
Expansion Slots and Boards 2.23
2.5 Coming Attractions? 2.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Law 2.28
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Information Technology 2.29
Summary 2.30
Exercises 2.34
3 Input /Output Hardware: Interfaces Between You & the Computer 3.1
3.1 I/O, I/O, It's Off to Work We Go 3.2
3.2 Input Hardware 3.3
Keyboard input 3.4
Pointing Devices 3.7
Source-Data Entry 3.11
Scanning Devices 3.12
Voice Recognition 3.16
Audio input Devices 3.16
Video and Photographic input 3.18
Sensors 3.20
Human-Biology input Devices 3.20
Multimedia Input Needs 3.20
Input Controls: Preserving Data Integrity 3.21
3.3 Output Hardware 3.22
Impact Printers 3.22
Nonimpact Printers 3.22
Plotters 3.26
Installing a Primer or Plotter 3.26
Multifunction Printer Technology: One for All 3.27
Monitors 3.27
Future Display Technology 3.31
Audio Output Hardware 3.31
Multimedia Output Needs 3.32
3.4 In and Out: Devices That Do Both 3.33
Terminals 3.33
Smart Cards and Optical Cards 3.34
Touch Screens 3.35
Now You See It, Now You Don't 3.35
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Law Enforcement 3.37
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Genealogy 3.38
Summary 3.39
Exercises 3.45
EPISODE 2: Deciding to Start Your Web Business E3.47
4 Storage Hardware: Preserving Data & Information 4.1
4.1 Storage Fundamentals 4.2
Common Elements of Storage Technology 4.3
Types of Files 4.6
What Can You Do with Files Besides Filing Them? 4.7
4.2 Tape Storage: 4.8
4.3 Diskette Storage 4.8
How a Disk Drive barks 4.9
Characteristics of Diskettes 4.10
4.4 Hard Disks 4.12
Nonremovable Internal Hard Disk Drives Of Microcomputers 4.13
Microcon1Puter Hard Disk Variations: Power and Portability 4.16
Virtual Memory: Using Disk Space to increase RAM 4.17
Hard Disk Technology for Large Computer Systems 4.17
Future Hard Disk Technology: The MR Head 4.18
4.5 Optical Disks 4.18
CD-ROM Disks 4.19
CD-R Disks 4.21
CD-RW Disks 4.22
DVD-ROM: The "Digital Convergence" Disk 4.22
4.6 The Importance of Backup 4.25
4.7 Other Forms of Secondary Storage 4.25
Flash-Memory Cards 4.26
Advanced Storage Technology 4.26
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Agriculture. 4.27
Summary 4.28
Exercises 4.32
5 System Software: The Director 5.1
5.1 Two Basic Software Types: For the Computer and for the User 5.2
5.2 System Software Components 5.4
Operating System: In Control 5.4
Utility Programs: Helping Hands 5.8
Language Translators 5.13
System Software Interfaces 5.13
5.3 Common Operating Systems: Platforms 5.14
DOS and Windows 3.x 5.15
Windows 9x 5.16
Windows NT/ Windows 2000 5.18
OS/2 Warp 5.18
Unix 5.19
Linux 5.20
Macintosh OS 5.20
Net Ware 5.21
5.4 The Future: Is the Web Changing Everything? 5.22
Bloatware or the Network Computer? 5.23
The Jolt from Java 5.24
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Photography 5.26
Summary 5.27
Exercises 5.30
6 Applications Software: The User's Tools 6.1
6.1 Applications Software Tools 6.2
6.2 Common Features of Applications Software 6.4
Compatibility Issues: What Goes with What? 6.7
6.3 Productivity Software Tools 6.8
Word Processing Software 6.8
Spreadsheet Software 6.12
Personal Finance Software 6.14
Presentation Graphics 6.15
Database Management System Software 6.16
Groupware 6.18
Desktop Accessories and PIMs 6.20
Integrated Software and Software Suites 6.21
Web Browsers 6.21
6.4 Specialty Applications Software Tools 6.22
Desktop-Publishing Software 6.23
Project Management Software 6.24
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM) 6.26
Drawing and Painting Software 6.27
Multimedia Authoring Software 6.28
6.5 Installing and Updating Applications Software 6.30
Installing Applications Software 6.30
Software Versions and Releases 6.30
6.6 Ethics and intellectual Property Rights: When Can You Copy? 6.31
What Is a Copyright? 6.31
Piracy, Plagiarism, and Ownership of Images and Sounds 6.32
Public Domain Software, Freeware, and Shareware 6.33
Proprietary Software and Types of Licenses 6.34
The Software Police 6.35
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Automobile Manufacturing 6.36
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Sports 6.37
Summary 6.38
Exercises 6.44
EPISODE 3: Planning for Commerce at Your Site E6.47
7 Communications Technology: Starting Along the Information Superhighway 7.1
7.1 Using Computers to Communicate Technological Basics 7.2
Analog Signals: Continuous Waves 7.3
Digital Signals: Discrete Bursts 7.3
The Modem: The Great Translator 7.3
Communications Software 7.6
ISDN, Cable Modems, ADSL, and Dishes: Faster, Faster. Faster! 7.6
7.2 Communications Channels: The Conduits of Communications 7.8
Twisted-Pair Wire 7.9
Coaxial Cable 7.9
Fiber-Optic Cable 7.10
Microwave Systems 7.10
Satellite Systems 7.11
Other Wireless Communications 7.11
7.3 Factors Affecting Communications Among Devices 7.16
Transmission Rate: Higher Frequency, Wider Bandwidth, More Data 7.16
Line Configurations: Point-to-Point and Multipoint 7.16
Serial and Parallel Transmission 7.27
Direction of Transmission Flow: Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duple 7.18
Transmission Mode: Asynchronous Versus Synchronous 7.18
Packet Switching: Getting More Data on a Network 7.20
Multiplexing: Enhancing Communications Efficiencies 7.22
Protocols: The Rules of Dana Transmission 7.23
7.4 Communications Networks 7.23
Types of Networks: Wide Area, Metropolitan Area and Local 7.25
Some Network Features: Hosts and Nodes, Downloading and Uploading 7.25
Advantages of Networks 7.26
7.5 Local Networks 7.26
Types of Local Networks: PBXs and LANs 7.27
Types of LANs: Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer 7.27
Topology of LANs 7.31
7.6 Networking at Work 7.33
Fax Messages 7.33
Voice Mail 7.34
Electronic Mail 7.34
Videoconferencing and V-Mail 7.35
Workgrouping Computing and Groupware 7.36
Electronic Data Interchange 7.37
Intranets and Extranets 7.37
Telecommuting 7.38
The Virtual Office 7.38
CAREER BOX: Using Careers in Retailing (E-Tailing) 7.43
Summary 7.44
Exercises 7.50
8 Uses of Communications Technology: Telecommuting, On1ine Resources, & the Internet 8.1
8.1 The Internet 8.2
Where Did the Internet Come From? 8.3
Connecting to the Internet 8.3
What Can You Use the Internet for? 8.5
Internet Addresses 8.8
8.2 The World Wide Web 8.12
Popular Uses of the Web 8.12
Browsing the Web 8.13
Searching the Web 8.15
Experiencing Multimedia on the Web 8.15
Designing Web Pages 8.19
Push Technology: Web Sites Come Looking for You 8.20
8.3 Online Services: Who Should Use Them? 8.21
Online Services Versus Portals: Is There a Difference? 8.21
8.4 New Internet Technologies 8.22
8.5 Net Loss? 8.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Job Searches 8.27
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Auctions 8.28
Summary 8.29
Exercises 8.32
EPISODE 4: Promoting Traffic to Your Site E8.35
9 Information Systems Analysts & Design: The Systems Development Life Cycle 9. 1
User Participation in Systems Development: Helping to Avoid System Failure 9.3
9.1 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 9.5
Are the Phases Distinct? Not Always 9.5
Who Participates? Basically, Everyone 9.7
9.2 The First Phase: Conduct a Preliminary Investigation 9.9
1. Conduct the Preliminary Analysis 9.9
2. Propose Alternative Solutions 9.10
3. Describe Costs and Benefits 9.11
4. Submit a Preliminary Plan 9.11
9.3 The Second Phase: no a Detailed Analysis of the System 9.11
1. Gather Data 9.12
2. Analyze the Data 9.13
3. Write a Report 9.18
9.4 The Third Phase: Design the System 9.18
1. Do a Pre
1.1 Who is the User?－Mostly People Like You l.2
1.2 The Importance of Becoming Computer Literate and Computer Competent l.3
1.3 What is a Computer-Based information System? 1.4
The Digital Basis of Computers 1.6
The Analog Basis of Life 1.7
1.4 Computer Hardware 1.8
Input Hardware 1.8
Processing and Memory (Primary Storage)
Hardware 1.10
Output Hardware 1.11
Secondary Storage Hardware 1.11
Communications Hardware 1.11
1.5 Computer Software 1.12
System Software: The Computer's Boss 1.12
Applications Software: Your Servant 1.12
1.6 Types of Computer Systems: What's the Difference? 1. 13
1.7 Milestones in Computer Development I .16
The Evolution of Computers: March of the Generations 1.17
The Information Explosion: Data Overload or Knowledge 1.20
1.8 Computing Trends: Connectivity, Interactivity, and Digital Convergence 1.21
Connectivity 1.21
Interactivity 1.23
Digital Convergence 1.24
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Real Estate 1.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Government and Politics 1.26
Summary 1.27
Exercises 1.33
EPISODE l: Starting a Web Business E1.36
2 Processing Hardware: Turning Data into Something You Can Use 2.1
2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer 2.4
Binary Coding Schemes 2.4
The Parity Bit: Checking for Errors 2.5
Machine Language: Your Brand of Computer's Very Own Language 2.6
How Computer Capacity is Expressed: Bit by Bit 2.7
2.2 The Processor Main Memory, and Registers 2.8
The Processor: In Charge 2.8
Specialized Processor Chips: Assistants to the CPU 2.9
CISC RISC，and MPP: Not All Processors Are Created Equal 2.11
Main Memory: clerking Storage Area for the CPU 2.11
Registers 2.12
The Machine Cycle: How a Single Instruction Is Processed 2.12
2.3 Telling Computers Apart: RAM Capacity, Word Size, and Processor Speed 2.13
RAM Capacity 2.14
Word Size 2.14
Processing Speeds 2.15
2.4 Focus on the Microcomputer: What's Inside? 2.15
The Power Supply 2.16
The Motherboard 2.17
The Microprocessor 2.17
RAM Chips 2.19
ROM Chips 2.19
Other Forms of Memory 2.20
Ports: Connecting Peripherals 2.21
Expansion Slots and Boards 2.23
2.5 Coming Attractions? 2.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Law 2.28
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Information Technology 2.29
Summary 2.30
Exercises 2.34
3 Input /Output Hardware: Interfaces Between You & the Computer 3.1
3.1 I/O, I/O, It's Off to Work We Go 3.2
3.2 Input Hardware 3.3
Keyboard input 3.4
Pointing Devices 3.7
Source-Data Entry 3.11
Scanning Devices 3.12
Voice Recognition 3.16
Audio input Devices 3.16
Video and Photographic input 3.18
Sensors 3.20
Human-Biology input Devices 3.20
Multimedia Input Needs 3.20
Input Controls: Preserving Data Integrity 3.21
3.3 Output Hardware 3.22
Impact Printers 3.22
Nonimpact Printers 3.22
Plotters 3.26
Installing a Primer or Plotter 3.26
Multifunction Printer Technology: One for All 3.27
Monitors 3.27
Future Display Technology 3.31
Audio Output Hardware 3.31
Multimedia Output Needs 3.32
3.4 In and Out: Devices That Do Both 3.33
Terminals 3.33
Smart Cards and Optical Cards 3.34
Touch Screens 3.35
Now You See It, Now You Don't 3.35
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Law Enforcement 3.37
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Genealogy 3.38
Summary 3.39
Exercises 3.45
EPISODE 2: Deciding to Start Your Web Business E3.47
4 Storage Hardware: Preserving Data & Information 4.1
4.1 Storage Fundamentals 4.2
Common Elements of Storage Technology 4.3
Types of Files 4.6
What Can You Do with Files Besides Filing Them? 4.7
4.2 Tape Storage: 4.8
4.3 Diskette Storage 4.8
How a Disk Drive barks 4.9
Characteristics of Diskettes 4.10
4.4 Hard Disks 4.12
Nonremovable Internal Hard Disk Drives Of Microcomputers 4.13
Microcon1Puter Hard Disk Variations: Power and Portability 4.16
Virtual Memory: Using Disk Space to increase RAM 4.17
Hard Disk Technology for Large Computer Systems 4.17
Future Hard Disk Technology: The MR Head 4.18
4.5 Optical Disks 4.18
CD-ROM Disks 4.19
CD-R Disks 4.21
CD-RW Disks 4.22
DVD-ROM: The "Digital Convergence" Disk 4.22
4.6 The Importance of Backup 4.25
4.7 Other Forms of Secondary Storage 4.25
Flash-Memory Cards 4.26
Advanced Storage Technology 4.26
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Agriculture. 4.27
Summary 4.28
Exercises 4.32
5 System Software: The Director 5.1
5.1 Two Basic Software Types: For the Computer and for the User 5.2
5.2 System Software Components 5.4
Operating System: In Control 5.4
Utility Programs: Helping Hands 5.8
Language Translators 5.13
System Software Interfaces 5.13
5.3 Common Operating Systems: Platforms 5.14
DOS and Windows 3.x 5.15
Windows 9x 5.16
Windows NT/ Windows 2000 5.18
OS/2 Warp 5.18
Unix 5.19
Linux 5.20
Macintosh OS 5.20
Net Ware 5.21
5.4 The Future: Is the Web Changing Everything? 5.22
Bloatware or the Network Computer? 5.23
The Jolt from Java 5.24
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Photography 5.26
Summary 5.27
Exercises 5.30
6 Applications Software: The User's Tools 6.1
6.1 Applications Software Tools 6.2
6.2 Common Features of Applications Software 6.4
Compatibility Issues: What Goes with What? 6.7
6.3 Productivity Software Tools 6.8
Word Processing Software 6.8
Spreadsheet Software 6.12
Personal Finance Software 6.14
Presentation Graphics 6.15
Database Management System Software 6.16
Groupware 6.18
Desktop Accessories and PIMs 6.20
Integrated Software and Software Suites 6.21
Web Browsers 6.21
6.4 Specialty Applications Software Tools 6.22
Desktop-Publishing Software 6.23
Project Management Software 6.24
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM) 6.26
Drawing and Painting Software 6.27
Multimedia Authoring Software 6.28
6.5 Installing and Updating Applications Software 6.30
Installing Applications Software 6.30
Software Versions and Releases 6.30
6.6 Ethics and intellectual Property Rights: When Can You Copy? 6.31
What Is a Copyright? 6.31
Piracy, Plagiarism, and Ownership of Images and Sounds 6.32
Public Domain Software, Freeware, and Shareware 6.33
Proprietary Software and Types of Licenses 6.34
The Software Police 6.35
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Automobile Manufacturing 6.36
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Sports 6.37
Summary 6.38
Exercises 6.44
EPISODE 3: Planning for Commerce at Your Site E6.47
7 Communications Technology: Starting Along the Information Superhighway 7.1
7.1 Using Computers to Communicate Technological Basics 7.2
Analog Signals: Continuous Waves 7.3
Digital Signals: Discrete Bursts 7.3
The Modem: The Great Translator 7.3
Communications Software 7.6
ISDN, Cable Modems, ADSL, and Dishes: Faster, Faster. Faster! 7.6
7.2 Communications Channels: The Conduits of Communications 7.8
Twisted-Pair Wire 7.9
Coaxial Cable 7.9
Fiber-Optic Cable 7.10
Microwave Systems 7.10
Satellite Systems 7.11
Other Wireless Communications 7.11
7.3 Factors Affecting Communications Among Devices 7.16
Transmission Rate: Higher Frequency, Wider Bandwidth, More Data 7.16
Line Configurations: Point-to-Point and Multipoint 7.16
Serial and Parallel Transmission 7.27
Direction of Transmission Flow: Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duple 7.18
Transmission Mode: Asynchronous Versus Synchronous 7.18
Packet Switching: Getting More Data on a Network 7.20
Multiplexing: Enhancing Communications Efficiencies 7.22
Protocols: The Rules of Dana Transmission 7.23
7.4 Communications Networks 7.23
Types of Networks: Wide Area, Metropolitan Area and Local 7.25
Some Network Features: Hosts and Nodes, Downloading and Uploading 7.25
Advantages of Networks 7.26
7.5 Local Networks 7.26
Types of Local Networks: PBXs and LANs 7.27
Types of LANs: Client-Server and Peer-to-Peer 7.27
Topology of LANs 7.31
7.6 Networking at Work 7.33
Fax Messages 7.33
Voice Mail 7.34
Electronic Mail 7.34
Videoconferencing and V-Mail 7.35
Workgrouping Computing and Groupware 7.36
Electronic Data Interchange 7.37
Intranets and Extranets 7.37
Telecommuting 7.38
The Virtual Office 7.38
CAREER BOX: Using Careers in Retailing (E-Tailing) 7.43
Summary 7.44
Exercises 7.50
8 Uses of Communications Technology: Telecommuting, On1ine Resources, & the Internet 8.1
8.1 The Internet 8.2
Where Did the Internet Come From? 8.3
Connecting to the Internet 8.3
What Can You Use the Internet for? 8.5
Internet Addresses 8.8
8.2 The World Wide Web 8.12
Popular Uses of the Web 8.12
Browsing the Web 8.13
Searching the Web 8.15
Experiencing Multimedia on the Web 8.15
Designing Web Pages 8.19
Push Technology: Web Sites Come Looking for You 8.20
8.3 Online Services: Who Should Use Them? 8.21
Online Services Versus Portals: Is There a Difference? 8.21
8.4 New Internet Technologies 8.22
8.5 Net Loss? 8.25
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Job Searches 8.27
CAREER BOX: Using Computers in Auctions 8.28
Summary 8.29
Exercises 8.32
EPISODE 4: Promoting Traffic to Your Site E8.35
9 Information Systems Analysts & Design: The Systems Development Life Cycle 9. 1
User Participation in Systems Development: Helping to Avoid System Failure 9.3
9.1 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 9.5
Are the Phases Distinct? Not Always 9.5
Who Participates? Basically, Everyone 9.7
9.2 The First Phase: Conduct a Preliminary Investigation 9.9
1. Conduct the Preliminary Analysis 9.9
2. Propose Alternative Solutions 9.10
3. Describe Costs and Benefits 9.11
4. Submit a Preliminary Plan 9.11
9.3 The Second Phase: no a Detailed Analysis of the System 9.11
1. Gather Data 9.12
2. Analyze the Data 9.13
3. Write a Report 9.18
9.4 The Third Phase: Design the System 9.18
1. Do a Pre
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