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刑法原理：英文版
作者：（美）阿诺德·H.洛伊（Arnold H.Loewy）著
出版社：法律出版社
出版时间：2004-01-01
ISBN：9787503645617
定价：¥28.00
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内容简介
《刑法原理》是著名的“美国法精要”丛书之一种，该书从1975年出版，至今已是第四版了（最新一版是2003年3月）。作者阿诺德H·洛伊，曾先后毕业于波士顿大学和哈佛大学，从1973年起一直担任北卡罗来纳大学法学院教况现任该校GrahamKenan学院讲座教授。他的教学和研究范围涵盖刑法、刑事诉讼法和宪法。本书以简明的篇幅，分七部分对美国刑法的若干基本问题作了高度的概括和浓缩，是学习美国刑法很好的入门之作。书的第一部分为刑罚目的论，作者一改谈刑法必从犯罪论着手的思路，转而从对刑罚目的的追问切入，并将刑罚目的概括为四个：1、改造并矫正犯人；2、监禁危险犯人以保卫社会；3、报应；4、威慑（又分为对犯罪分子本人的个别威慑和对社会上其他有类似不良倾向者的一般威慑）。作者还进一步分析了这四个目的在实践中可能存在的冲突及其价值选择。在具体论述中，我们看到英美学者所习惯的用判例来充实理论的写作手法。说实话，我是毫不掩饰对这种写作手法的欣赏与倡导的，也一直主张在国内的理论刑法学著作中多加进些这样的作料（参见刘仁文：《刑法学的本体追问》，《中外法学》2002年第3期）。第二部分是有关个罪的展开，作者选择了杀人罪、强奸罪以及其他一些侵犯人身的犯罪和侵犯财产的犯罪等值得展开的犯罪来作为研析对象，同时，亦独具匠心地将因果关系等总则内容放在这部分里加以阐释，为实现分则与总则的有机结合作了很好的尝试。不过，对于作者将正当防卫这一辩护事由提前挪到此处的理由，我感到还可商榷。第三部分介绍了英美刑法中的犯罪要件“二元论”，即主观上的犯罪意图和客观上的犯罪行为，其中主观上的犯罪意图又牵涉到严格责任和替代责任等无过错责任。该部分最引人注目的是，作者将宪法对刑法的限制引人行文，这对于正在探索走向宪政国的中国刑法学者而言，无疑是有启发意义的。多年前，读储怀植先生的《美国刑法》，其中辟专节谈“美国刑法的宪法限制”，至今仍印象深刻。此次为写此前言，上网查阅作者信息，始知其除了是著名的刑事法专家外，对宪法亦有不凡研究，难怪他的书中能不时地保持着宪法对刑法的审视与警惕。这一点也是颇值得我们学习的。我曾在一次关于“中国刑法学应当向何处去”的笔谈中指出：我国刑法要真正实现现代化和民主化，非得到建立起刑事立法和刑事执法的违宪审查机制那一天不可（参见刘仁文；《提倡“立体刑法学”》，《法商研究》2003年第3期）。第四部分专门列举了若干特殊的辩护事由，包括：精神病，末成年，醉酒，强迫，紧急避险，警察圈套，等等，它们在何种情况下可成为辩护事由、是作为免罪事由还是减责事由，各有区别，例如，醉酒要区分自愿状态下的醉酒和非自愿状态下的醉酒，警察圈套要看被告人的犯意是由警察诱发而生还是本已有之。第五部分是有关举证责任、证明标准和推定等表面看来属于程序法意义上的内容，但正如作者在书中所指出，只要稍加深入，我们就会发现，这些问题和刑事实体法密不可分。确实如此，英美刑法犯罪构成理论的一个重要特点就在于把静态的犯罪构成要件放到动态的刑事诉讼程序中来考量，这种动态的程序通过一定的规则，建立起抗辩式的双层逻辑结构，使得犯罪意图和犯罪行为这两个积极要件达到人罪的功能，而辩护事由这一消极要件则实现出罪的功能。它既区别于我国承继的前苏联犯罪构成四要件说（犯罪客体、主体、客观方面、主观方面），又区别于德日等大陆法系国家的三阶段递进说（构成要件的符合性、违法性、有责任性）。虽然几种理论各有其传统和特色，但英美刑法所表现出的实用主义哲学，让我想起台湾友人林东茂教授在前不久的一次学术会议上所发表过的一个观点：犯罪构成理论不就是要解决什么是犯罪么？为什么要搞得那么玄而又玄？能不能简单点、实用点？第六部分，不完整罪和共同犯罪。如果说辩护事由要解决的是行为具备刑法分则所规定的外部特征时为什么不负刑事责任的话，那么不完整罪和共同犯罪所要解决的就是行为不具备刑法分则条文规定的全部犯罪要件时为什么还要负刑事责任。在这部分里，我们既能看到英美刑法中的“不完整罪”将“犯罪中止‘纳人’犯罪未遂”的做法，又能看到“共谋犯”这类源于普通法传统的独特概念。我们知道，英美刑法以不处罚预备行为为原则，但“共谋犯”实际上是将某些特别严重的犯罪预备行为规定为独立的犯罪来加以惩处。元论是这种将某些特别严重的犯罪预备行为规定为独立的犯罪，还是有的大陆法系国家将某些确有必要处罚的犯罪预备行为单独在分则条款中予以标明，均体现了“犯罪预备原则上不受处罚，例外情况下才受处罚”的政策思想，这显然不同于我国刑法在总则上规定对预备犯一律要给予惩处的立法思路。实际上，我国刑法虽然规定对所有的犯罪预备行为都要给予惩处，但在司法实践中并没有也很难得到一一落实，考虑到犯罪预备行为的模棱两可性，从法治社会的可预期性着眼，我倒是倾向于对一般的犯罪预备行为加以除罪化，将刑法介人入点放到己经着手实施犯罪的犯罪末遂和中止阶段，而对确有必要予以惩处的犯罪预备行为则专门在分则条款中加以明示。第七部分题为“刑法的边界”，作者再一次站到宪法的高度，对刑法禁止模糊用语、禁止溯及既往等原则作了论证，并将合宪性的讨论引向普通法上的犯罪如何增加其明确性、无受害人的犯罪应在多大程度上被犯罪化等富有挑战性的问题。作者在书的结语中指出：如同人类最终发现地球是圆的一样，本书的读者也不应在读完最后一页就停止思考，相反，是重新回到起点，又该开始新一轮的思考。可不？随着我的这篇前言的接近尾声，《刑法原理》一书也翻到了最后一页，然而，我的思路却又回到了起点：究竟什么是刑法？什么是犯罪？什么是刑罚？传统的刑法以惩罚为其主要特征，但这不能解释近代意义上保安处分的兴起，因为许多保安处分措施不是立足于惩罚，而是立足于矫治。与之相对应，保安处分所带来的犯罪观和刑罚观也足以颠覆传统意义上的犯罪和刑罚（参见刘仁文：《对有危害行为的精神病人不能一放了之》，http：//www.jcrb.com/zyw/liurw/index.htm）。俗话说：书读百遍，其意自见。如果我们能按照作者的建议，“将此书前后绕上两三遍”，再辅之以必要的问题意识和思考精神，相信会有该有的收获的。 2003年11月20日于北京西郊寓所
作者简介
暂缺《刑法原理：英文版》作者简介
目录
TABLE OF CASES
PART I PUNISHMENT
Chapter I Punishment
§ 1.01 The Distinguishing Feature of the Criminal Law
§ 1.02 Purposes of Punishment
A. Reformation
B. Restraint
C. Retribution
D .Deterrence
(1) Individual Deterrence
(2) General Deterrence
§ 1.03 Punishment in Practice (Some Hard Cases)
A .Conflicting Purposes
B .No Apparent Purpose
§ 1.04 EqualityAn Unexpressed Theory of Punishment
§ 1.05 Compensation
§ 1.06 Judicial Discretion in Sentencing
§ 1.07 Disproportionality
§ 1.08 Capital Punishment PARTⅡ SPECIFIC CRIMES
Chapter Ⅱ. Homicide
§ 2.01 Introduction „
§ 2.02 Willful, Deliberate, and Premeditated
§ 2.03 Intent to Cause Serious Bodily Injury
§ 2.04 Provocation
§ 2.05 Assisted Suicide
§ 2.06 Involuntary Manslaughter
§ 2.07 Reckless Homicide (Negligent Homi cide, Vehicular Homicide)
§ 2.08 Depraved Heart Murder
§ 2.09 Felony Murder
§ 2.10 Misdemeanor Manslaughter
Chapter Ⅲ.Causation
§ 3.01 Introduction
§ 3.02 Intentional Killings
§ 3.03 Unintentional Killings
§ 3.04 Year and a Day Rule
Chapter IV. Rape
§ 4.01 The Traditional View
§ 4.02 Statutory Changes
§ 4.03 Rape by Fraud or Coercion
§ 4.04 Statutory Rape
Chapter V. Other Crimes Against the Person
§ 5.01 Battery
§ 5.02 Assault
§ 5.03 Aggravated Assault and Battery
§ 5.04 Mayhem
§ 5.05 Kidnapping and Related Offenses
Chapter VI. SelfDefense and Related Defenses
§ 6.01 Introduction
§ 6.02 In General
§ 6.03 BatteredSpouse Syndrome
§ 6.04 RetreatRule
§ 6.05 Imperfect SelfDefense
§ 6.06 DefenseofOthers
§ 6.07 Resisting Unlawful Arrest
§ 6.08 Apprehension of Criminals
§ 6.09 Protection of Property and Crime Prevention
Chapter VII .Crimes Against Property
§ 7.01 Introduction
§ 7.02 The Elements of Larceny
A .Introduction
B. Trespassory Taking
C .Asportation (Carrying Away)
D. Valuable Personal Property
E .Of Another
F .Intent to Permanently Deprive the Person Entitled to Posses sion of That Possession
§ 7.03 Types of Larceny
A. Larceny by Stealth
B. Larceny by an Employee (Serv ant)
C .Larceny by a Finder
D. Larceny by a Bailee
E. Larceny by Trick
§ 7.04 Embezzlement
§ 7.05 FalsePretenses
A. Introduction
B. Obtaining Title to Property
C. Knowingly or Recklessly Making a False Representation
D. Of a Presently Existing Fact
E. Of Pecuniary Significance
F. Which Is Intended to and Does Defraud the Victim
§ 7.06 Forgery and Related Offenses
§ 7.07 Receiving Stolen Goods
§ 7.08 Robbery
§ 7.09 Extortion (Blackmail)
§ 7.10 Consolidation of Theft Offenses
§ 7.11 Burglary
§ 7.12 Arson and Related Offenses
PART III .INGREDIENTS OF A CRIME
Chapter VIII. Mens Rea (Intent)
§ 8.01 In General
§ 8.02 Model Penal Code Terminology
§ 8.03 Transferred Intent
§ 8.04 Liability Without Fault
§ 8.05 Limitations on Liability Without Fault
A .Constitutional Limitations
B .NonConstitutional Limitations
§ 8.06 MistakeofFact
§ 8.07 Mistake of Law
Chapter IX. ActusReus
§ 9.01 Introduction
§ 9.02 Voluntariness
§ 9.03 Actus Reus as a Constitutional Mini mum
§ 9.04 Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea
§ 9.05 Actus Reus and Strict Liability
§ 9.06 Omissions
PART IV .SPECIAL DEFENSES
Chapter X. Insanity
§ 10.01 Introduction
§ 10.02 M’Naghten RightWrong Test
§ 1.003 Irresistible Impulse
§ 10.04 The Durham Test
§ 10.05 MPCTest
§ 10.06 Abolition of the Insanity Defense
§ 10.07 Disposition of Insane Defendants
§ 10.08 Interrelationship Between Automa tism and Insanity
§ 10.09 The Effect of Insanity on the Specific Elements of a Crime
§ 10.10 Insanity After the Crime
Chapter XI. Other Defenses
§ 11.01 Infancy
§ 11.02 Intoxication
A. Voluntary Intoxication
B. Involuntary Intoxication
§ 11.03 Duress (Coercion)
§ 11.04 Necessity
§ 11.05 Entrapment
§ 11.06 Excessive Government Involvement
PARTV .PROOF OF FACTS
Chapter XII. Burden of Proof
§ 12.01 Relevance to Substantive Criminal Law
§ 12.02 TheGeneralRule
§ 12.03 What Is A Reasonable Doubt
§ 12.04 Expansion of Winship (Mullaney v Wilbur)
§ 12.05 Contraction of the Rule (Patterson v New York)
§ 12.06 Burden of Proof and Sentencing
Chapter XIII. Presumptions and Infer ences
§ 13.01 Definitions
§ 13.02 Constitutionality
PART VI .INCHOATE AND GROUP CRIMINALITY
Chapter XIV. Attempt
§ 14.01 General Scope and Purpose
§ 14.02 MensRea
§ 14.03 Proximity to Completion
§ 14.04 Abandonment
§ 14.05 Solicitation VisAVis Attempt
§ 14.06 Other Preparatory Offenses
A. Burglary
B. Possession
C .Vagrancy
§ 14.07 AttempttoAttempt
§ 14.08 Impossibility
Chapter XV. Accountability for the Acts of Others
§ 15.01 Parties to Crime
§ 15.02 Actus Reus (How Far Must One Go)
§ 15.03 Mens Rea (Intentional Crimes)
§ 15.04 Scope of an Aider’ s Liability
§ 15.05 Mens Rea (Unintentional Crimes)
§ 15.06 Relationship to Principal’s Liability
§ 15.07 Special Personal Defenses
§ 15.08 Abandonment
Chapter XVI. Conspiracy
§ 16.01 Introduction
§ 16.02 Punishment
§ 16.03 Basis for Complicity
§ 16.04 The Object Which Renders a Conspir acy Criminal
§ 16.05 AgreementThe Actus Reus of Con spiracy
§ 16.06 Scope of the AgreementOne Con spiracy or Many
§ 16.07 MensRea
§ 16.08 Procedural Peculiarities
§ 16.09 Political Conspiracies and the First Amendment
§ 16.10 RICO
Chapter XVII. Corporate Criminal Lia bility
§ 17.01 TheoreticalProblems
§ 17.02 Punishment
§ 17.03 Whose Conduct Binds a Corporation
§ 17.04 Statutory Construction Problem
§ 17.05 The Corporation and Its Alter Egos PART VII. LIMITATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
Chapter XVIII .Limitations of the Crimi nal Law
§ 18.01 Vagueness
§ 18.02 ExPostFactoLaws
§ 18.03 Common Law Crimes
§ 18.04 Victimless Crimes
A. NonConstitutional Limitations
B.Constitutional Limitations
PERSPECTIVE
INDEX
PART I PUNISHMENT
Chapter I Punishment
§ 1.01 The Distinguishing Feature of the Criminal Law
§ 1.02 Purposes of Punishment
A. Reformation
B. Restraint
C. Retribution
D .Deterrence
(1) Individual Deterrence
(2) General Deterrence
§ 1.03 Punishment in Practice (Some Hard Cases)
A .Conflicting Purposes
B .No Apparent Purpose
§ 1.04 EqualityAn Unexpressed Theory of Punishment
§ 1.05 Compensation
§ 1.06 Judicial Discretion in Sentencing
§ 1.07 Disproportionality
§ 1.08 Capital Punishment PARTⅡ SPECIFIC CRIMES
Chapter Ⅱ. Homicide
§ 2.01 Introduction „
§ 2.02 Willful, Deliberate, and Premeditated
§ 2.03 Intent to Cause Serious Bodily Injury
§ 2.04 Provocation
§ 2.05 Assisted Suicide
§ 2.06 Involuntary Manslaughter
§ 2.07 Reckless Homicide (Negligent Homi cide, Vehicular Homicide)
§ 2.08 Depraved Heart Murder
§ 2.09 Felony Murder
§ 2.10 Misdemeanor Manslaughter
Chapter Ⅲ.Causation
§ 3.01 Introduction
§ 3.02 Intentional Killings
§ 3.03 Unintentional Killings
§ 3.04 Year and a Day Rule
Chapter IV. Rape
§ 4.01 The Traditional View
§ 4.02 Statutory Changes
§ 4.03 Rape by Fraud or Coercion
§ 4.04 Statutory Rape
Chapter V. Other Crimes Against the Person
§ 5.01 Battery
§ 5.02 Assault
§ 5.03 Aggravated Assault and Battery
§ 5.04 Mayhem
§ 5.05 Kidnapping and Related Offenses
Chapter VI. SelfDefense and Related Defenses
§ 6.01 Introduction
§ 6.02 In General
§ 6.03 BatteredSpouse Syndrome
§ 6.04 RetreatRule
§ 6.05 Imperfect SelfDefense
§ 6.06 DefenseofOthers
§ 6.07 Resisting Unlawful Arrest
§ 6.08 Apprehension of Criminals
§ 6.09 Protection of Property and Crime Prevention
Chapter VII .Crimes Against Property
§ 7.01 Introduction
§ 7.02 The Elements of Larceny
A .Introduction
B. Trespassory Taking
C .Asportation (Carrying Away)
D. Valuable Personal Property
E .Of Another
F .Intent to Permanently Deprive the Person Entitled to Posses sion of That Possession
§ 7.03 Types of Larceny
A. Larceny by Stealth
B. Larceny by an Employee (Serv ant)
C .Larceny by a Finder
D. Larceny by a Bailee
E. Larceny by Trick
§ 7.04 Embezzlement
§ 7.05 FalsePretenses
A. Introduction
B. Obtaining Title to Property
C. Knowingly or Recklessly Making a False Representation
D. Of a Presently Existing Fact
E. Of Pecuniary Significance
F. Which Is Intended to and Does Defraud the Victim
§ 7.06 Forgery and Related Offenses
§ 7.07 Receiving Stolen Goods
§ 7.08 Robbery
§ 7.09 Extortion (Blackmail)
§ 7.10 Consolidation of Theft Offenses
§ 7.11 Burglary
§ 7.12 Arson and Related Offenses
PART III .INGREDIENTS OF A CRIME
Chapter VIII. Mens Rea (Intent)
§ 8.01 In General
§ 8.02 Model Penal Code Terminology
§ 8.03 Transferred Intent
§ 8.04 Liability Without Fault
§ 8.05 Limitations on Liability Without Fault
A .Constitutional Limitations
B .NonConstitutional Limitations
§ 8.06 MistakeofFact
§ 8.07 Mistake of Law
Chapter IX. ActusReus
§ 9.01 Introduction
§ 9.02 Voluntariness
§ 9.03 Actus Reus as a Constitutional Mini mum
§ 9.04 Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea
§ 9.05 Actus Reus and Strict Liability
§ 9.06 Omissions
PART IV .SPECIAL DEFENSES
Chapter X. Insanity
§ 10.01 Introduction
§ 10.02 M’Naghten RightWrong Test
§ 1.003 Irresistible Impulse
§ 10.04 The Durham Test
§ 10.05 MPCTest
§ 10.06 Abolition of the Insanity Defense
§ 10.07 Disposition of Insane Defendants
§ 10.08 Interrelationship Between Automa tism and Insanity
§ 10.09 The Effect of Insanity on the Specific Elements of a Crime
§ 10.10 Insanity After the Crime
Chapter XI. Other Defenses
§ 11.01 Infancy
§ 11.02 Intoxication
A. Voluntary Intoxication
B. Involuntary Intoxication
§ 11.03 Duress (Coercion)
§ 11.04 Necessity
§ 11.05 Entrapment
§ 11.06 Excessive Government Involvement
PARTV .PROOF OF FACTS
Chapter XII. Burden of Proof
§ 12.01 Relevance to Substantive Criminal Law
§ 12.02 TheGeneralRule
§ 12.03 What Is A Reasonable Doubt
§ 12.04 Expansion of Winship (Mullaney v Wilbur)
§ 12.05 Contraction of the Rule (Patterson v New York)
§ 12.06 Burden of Proof and Sentencing
Chapter XIII. Presumptions and Infer ences
§ 13.01 Definitions
§ 13.02 Constitutionality
PART VI .INCHOATE AND GROUP CRIMINALITY
Chapter XIV. Attempt
§ 14.01 General Scope and Purpose
§ 14.02 MensRea
§ 14.03 Proximity to Completion
§ 14.04 Abandonment
§ 14.05 Solicitation VisAVis Attempt
§ 14.06 Other Preparatory Offenses
A. Burglary
B. Possession
C .Vagrancy
§ 14.07 AttempttoAttempt
§ 14.08 Impossibility
Chapter XV. Accountability for the Acts of Others
§ 15.01 Parties to Crime
§ 15.02 Actus Reus (How Far Must One Go)
§ 15.03 Mens Rea (Intentional Crimes)
§ 15.04 Scope of an Aider’ s Liability
§ 15.05 Mens Rea (Unintentional Crimes)
§ 15.06 Relationship to Principal’s Liability
§ 15.07 Special Personal Defenses
§ 15.08 Abandonment
Chapter XVI. Conspiracy
§ 16.01 Introduction
§ 16.02 Punishment
§ 16.03 Basis for Complicity
§ 16.04 The Object Which Renders a Conspir acy Criminal
§ 16.05 AgreementThe Actus Reus of Con spiracy
§ 16.06 Scope of the AgreementOne Con spiracy or Many
§ 16.07 MensRea
§ 16.08 Procedural Peculiarities
§ 16.09 Political Conspiracies and the First Amendment
§ 16.10 RICO
Chapter XVII. Corporate Criminal Lia bility
§ 17.01 TheoreticalProblems
§ 17.02 Punishment
§ 17.03 Whose Conduct Binds a Corporation
§ 17.04 Statutory Construction Problem
§ 17.05 The Corporation and Its Alter Egos PART VII. LIMITATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
Chapter XVIII .Limitations of the Crimi nal Law
§ 18.01 Vagueness
§ 18.02 ExPostFactoLaws
§ 18.03 Common Law Crimes
§ 18.04 Victimless Crimes
A. NonConstitutional Limitations
B.Constitutional Limitations
PERSPECTIVE
INDEX
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