公司信息系统管理：第四版

　　内容简介本书是哈佛大学MBA标准教材，专为那些希望了解当代信息系统技术的学生和管理者而著，书中解释了信息服务活动的有效管理和技术的最有潜力的应用等相关问题， 将帮助个人和组织认识并利用信息管理以提高效率。

　　作者简介？执铩·阿普盖特，哈佛大学工商管理研究生院教授。F.沃伦·麦克法伦，哈佛大学工商管理研究生院教授。材匪埂.麦肯尼，哈佛大学工商管理研究生院教授。

    Contents
    Preface vii
    l The Challenge of Infonnation Systems Technology
    Introduction to IT Management
    Concepts of IT Management
    Challenges in Managing IT Assimilation
    A Young Technology
    Technological Growth
    IT End-User Coordination
    Specialization
    Shift in Focus
    Questions from Senior Management
    Issues in Information Technology
    The IT Environment
    IT Architecture and Organization
    Management Processes
    Project Management
    IT Strategy
    The IT Business
    Conclusion
    Case l-l: Verifone: The Transaction Automation Company
    Case 1-2: A Tale ofTwo Airlines in the Information Age: Or Why
    the Spirit ofKing George lll Is Alive and Well!
    2 Manageable Trends
    Underlying Themes
    Theme l: Strategic Impact
    A Contingency Approach to IT Management
    Theme 2: Integrating Changing Technology Platforms
    Theme 3: Assimilating Emerging Technologies
    Phase l. Technology Identification and Investment
    Phase 2. Technological Leaming and Adaptation
    Phase 3. Rationalization/Management Control
    Phase 4. Maturity/Widespread Technology Transfer
    Theme 4: Sourcing Policies for the IT Value Chain
    Theme 5: Applications Development Process
    Design
    Construction
    Implementation
    Operation
    Maintenance
    Theme 6: Partnership of Three Constituencies
    IT Management
    User Management
    General Management
    Summary
    Case 2-1: KPMG Peat Marwick: The Shadow Partner
    3 Effects of IT on Competition
    Analyzing Impact
    Forces That Shape Strategy
    Search for Opportunity
    Analyzing the Value Chain for IT Opportunities
    Inbound Logistics
    Operations and Product Definition
    Outbound Logistics
    Marketing and Sales
    After-Sales Service
    Corporate Infrastructure
    Human Resources
    Technology Development
    Procurement
    The Risks of Information Systems Success
    Problems and Evaluations
    Assessing Competitor Risk
    The Challenge
    A New Point ofView Is Required
    Planning Issues
    Confidentiality and Competition
    Evaluating Expenditures
    The IT-Management Partnership
    Opening Questions
    A Final Thought
    Case 3-1: Canadian Airlines (A): Reservations About
    Its Future (A)
    Case 3-2: Burlington Northem: The Ares Decision (A)
    Case 3-3: Burlington Northem: The Ares Decision (B)
    4 Electronic Commerce: From Interorganizational
    Systems to the Internet
    The Evolution of Interorganizational Systems
    lOS Evolution at American Hospital Supply (AHSC)
    lOS Evolution at American Airlines
    Pattems of Interaction among lOS Participants
    LevelsoflOSControl
    From Proprietary lOS to Ubiquitous Platforms for Electronic
    Commerce
    Making Sense of Market Relationships
    lOS and Producer Relationships
    lOS and the Changing Buyer-Seller Relationship
    Managing the Evolution ofTechnology
    Maintaining a Secure Environment for Doing Business
    Developing and Maintaining Information Partnerships
    The Allegis Example
    Benefits of Information Partnering
    Types of Information Partnership
    Summary
    Case 4-1: Singapore Tradenet: A Tale of One City
    Case 4-2: Singapore Leadership: A Tale ofOne City
    Case 4-3: Hong Kong Tradelink: News from the Second City
    Case 4-4: Open Market, Inc.
    Case 4-5: Procter & Gamble: Improving Consumer Value through
    Process Design
    5 Information, Organization, and Control
    The Organization Design Challenge of the 1990s
    From Control to Learning
    From Autonomy to Collaboration
    Information, Organization, and Control in a Retail Bank
    Information, Organization, and Control in the Supermarket
    Targeted Opportunities
    Communicating Organizational Priorities
    Meaningful Budgets
    Effective Incentive Systems
    Solutions for Production
    Facts to Make the Sale
    Adaptation to Change
    Summary
    Case 5-1: Mrs. Fields, Inc. (1977-1987)
    Case 5-2: Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (1980-1986)
    Case 5-3: Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition Abridged
    (l987-l992)
    6 IT Architecture: Evolution and Altematives
    The Evolution of IT Architecture
    Era l-The Mainframe (1950s to l970s)
    Era 2--The Microcomputer (Late l970s and 1980s)
    Era 3--Distributed Information Systems (Late l980s to Present)
    360
    Era 4-Ubiquitous
    Value Creation in a Distributed IT Environment
    IT Architecture Implementation Issues in the 1900s
    Merging the Islands ofAutomation
    Managing Global Telecommunications
    Managing the IT Legacy
    Assimilating Emerging Information Technologies
    Summary
    Case 6-1: H. E. Butt Grocery Company: A Leader in ECR
    Implementation (Abridged)
    Case 6-2: American Airlines: The InterAACT Project (A)
    Case 6-3: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.: MlS Reorganization
    (A) and Project lCON (A) Abridged
    7 Organizing and Leading the Information Technology
    Function
    Organization Issues in IT Development
    Some Examples
    Implications
    Pressures toward User Dominance
    Pent-Up User Demand
    Competitive and Service Growth in the IT Market
    User Control
    Fit with the Organization
    User Leaming
    Summary
    Pressures toward IT Control
    Staff Professionalism
    Feasibility Study Concems
    Corporate Database System
    Fit with the Corporate Structure and Strategy
    Cost Analysis
    Summary
    Coordination and Location of IT Policy
    IT Responsibilities
    User Responsibilities
    General Management Support and Policy Overview
    Summary
    Case 7-1: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc : Project lCON (D)
    8 Information Technology Operations
    Changing Operations Environment
    A Focused Service Organization Alternative-An Example
    Altemative Organizations
    Developing an Operations Strategy
    Technology Planning
    Measuring and Managing Capacity
    Managing the IT Operations Workforce
    Selection Factors for Operations Manager and Staff
    Human Issues in Managing the Workforce
    Production Planning and Control
    Setting Goals
    Establishing Priorities
    Strategic Impact of IT Operations
    Implementing Production Control and Measurement
    Security
    Privacy
    The Roots of the Privacy Issue
    The Implications
    Summary
    Case 8-1: Aerospace Technology Manufacturing, Inc : Industry,
    9 Company and I/S Transitions
    Information Technology Management Processes
    Management Control
    IT Evolution and Management Control
    Software Issues
    Operations Issues
    Corporate Control Process
    Strategic Impact of IT on the Corporation
    Looking Ahead: Other Aspects of Control
    Results Control Architecture
    Unallocated Cost Center
    Allocated Cost Center and Charge-Out
    Profit Center
    Financial Reporting Process
    Nonfinancial Reporting Process
    iT Audit Function
    Summary
    Planning-A Contingent Focus
    Pressures toward IT Planning
    External (Corporate) Pressures
    Intemal (IT Process) Pressnres
    Limitations on IT Planning Results
    Planning as a Resource Drain
    Fit to Corporate Culture
    Strategic Impact of IT Activities
    Mismatches: Using the Strategic Grid
    Corporate Environmental Factors That Influence Planning
    Summary
    Case 9-1: Toyworid: Information Technology Planning
    10 Managing the Information Technology Resource
    through Strategic Partnerships
    Why Outsourcing Alliances Are So Difficult
    Outsourcidng in Retrospect
    Outsourcing in the l990s
    What Drives Outsourcing?
    When to Outsource IT
    Position on the Strategic Grid
    Development Portfolio
    Organizational Learning
    A Firm's Position in the Market
    Current IT Organization
    Structuring the Alliance
    Contract Flexibility
    Standards and Control
    Areas to Outsource
    Cost Savings
    Supplier Stability and Quality
    Management Fit
    Conversion Problems
    Managing the Alliance
    The ClO Function
    Performance Measurements
    Mix and Coordination ofTasks
    Customer-Outsourcer Interface
    Case lO-l: Xerox: Outsourcing Global Information Technology
    Resources
    Case l0-2General Dynamics and Computer Sciences Corporation:
    Outsourcing Is Function (A + B, Abridged)
    11 A Portfolio Approach to Information Technology
    Development
    Project Risk
    Elements of Project Implementation Risk
    Project Categories and Degree of Risk
    Assessing Risk of Individual Projects
    Portfolio Risk
    Summary
    Project Management: A Contingency Approach
    Management Tools
    Influences on Tool Selection
    Relative Contribution of Management Tools
    Summary
    Case ll-l: Profiling at National Mutual (A)
    Case ll-2: Profiling at National Mutual (B)
    Case ll-3: Chemical Bank: Technology Support for Cooperative
    Work
    12 Transnational IT Issues
    Information Technology Impact on Transnational Firms
    Geographic Transfer ofWork
    Global Networking and Expertise Sharing
    Global Service Levels
    Time-Based Competition
    Cost Reduction
    Country Diversity
    Sociopolitical
    Language
    Local Constraints
    Economics
    Currency Issues
    Autonomy
    National Infrastructure
    Summary
    National IT Environment Issues
    Availability oflT Professional Staff
    Central Telecommunications
    National IT Strategy
    General Level of iT Sophistication
    Size of Local Market
    Data Export Control
    Technological Awareness
    Summary
    Corporate Factors Affecting IT Requirements
    Nature of the Finn's Business
    Strategic Impact of IT
    Corporate Organization
    Company Technical and Control Characteristics
    Other Considerations
    Transnational IT Policy Issues
    Guidance on Architecture
    Central Hardware/Software Concurrence or Approval
    Central Approval of Software Standards and Feasibility Studies
    Central Software Development
    IT Communications
    StaffRotation
    Consulting Services
    Central IT Processing Support
    Technology Appraisal Program-An Example
    Summary
    Case l2-l: Colliers Intemational Property Consultants
    Case 12-2: Azucar, S.A.: (1973-1977)
    13 The IT Business
    "The IT Business'Analogy
    The IT Marketing Mix
    The Products
    The IT Consumer
    Costs
    Channels of" Distribution
    Competition
    Promotion
    Price
    The Role of the Board of Directors
    The Role ofthe IT Chief Executive Officer
    Summary
    Case 13-l: Avalon Information Services, Inc.
    Case l3-2: Agrico, Inc: A Software Dilemma
    Annotated Bibliography
    Index