朗文英语口语和笔语语法（英文版）

　　The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English is an entirely new grammar of American and British English-from the language of conversation to the language of academic textbooks. There are no made-up examples in this groundbreaking new-gramar. The authors began. Not with preconceived notions of the grmmar of English. But with a huge bank of language data， the Longman Corpus Network.A six-year research project brought together the linguistic expertise of an intenational author team-all acknowledged experts in the field of corpus linguistics and grammar.The result of this research is the present volume. Many points of traditional grammar are confirmed. But now on the basis of much larger amounts of statistical data than ever before. Some aspects of traditional grammar are challenged by this book， and some new findings. Not even suspected before now， will surprise and interest the reader.What makes this book so special is that it turns English inside out. Professor Douglas Bibers research team tagged and parsed the structures in the Corpus. This analysis revealed the degree to which different grammatical features of language vary according to the type of language. The way language is used in conversation is quite different from the waylanguage is used in fiction， which in turn isoften very different from the grammatical characteristics of newspapers or academic books.Entirely corpus-based grammar of EnglishOver 350 tables and graphs showing the frequency of constructions across different registers， from conversation to fiction to academic prose6，000 authentic examples from the Longman Corpus NetworkBritish English and American English grammar comparedNew and challenging findingsReveals the differences between spoden and written English .

暂缺《朗文英语口语和笔语语法（英文版）》作者简介

PrefacebyHaliday
王宗炎序
导读
Foreword
Abbreviationsandsymbols
Preface
Contents5ndatail
Symbolsandnofationalconventions
SEchIONAIntrnductory
1 Imbmductkm：acorpru-basedBpproachtoEngllshgrammar
1.1 introduction
1.2 StructureanduseinEnglishgrammar
1.3 VarietinsofEnglid，
1.4 RepresentationofvadetiesIntheLSWECorpus
1.5 DescriptionoftheregistercategoriesintheLSWECorpus
1.6 GrammaticalanalysisoftheLSWECorpus
1.7 0uantitativefindings5nthegrammar
1.8 Eunctiona0interetationofquantitativefindings
1.9 Overviewofthegrammar
1.1 0PorentialusersandusesoftheLGSWE
SECTIONBtasLEgrammar：Descriptionanddistribution
2 Wordandphrasegrammar
2.1 Thenatureofgrammaticalunits
2.2 Wordsandtheircharacteristics
2.3 Surveyof0exicalwords
2.4 Surveyoffunctionwords
2.5 Surveyofinserts
2.6 Phrasesandtheircharacteristics
2.7 Typesofphrase
2.8 Embeddingofphrases
2.9 Coordinationofphrades
2.1 0Simpilecomplexphrases
3 Clausegrammar
3.1 Clausev.non-clausaLmatedal
3.2 Majotclauseelements
3.3 ClauseLinKS
3.4 PedpheraLelements
3.5 Majorclausepatterns
3.6 Variationsondausepa~ems
3.7 Ellipsis
3.8 Negation
3.9 subiect-verbconcord
3.10 Typesofdependentclauses
3.11 Finitedependentclauses
3.12 Non-finiteclauses
3.13 Majortypesofindependentclauses
3.14 Unembeddeddependentclauses
3.15 Non-clausalmaterial
SECTIONCKeywordclassesandtheirphrases
4 Noum，pronouns，andthesimplenounphrase
4.1 Overviewofnominalsindiscourse
4.2 Thebasicstructureofnoun.headedphrases
4.3 Tvpesofnouns
4.4 Daterminers
4.5 Number
4.6 Case
4.7 Gender
4.8 Nounfobmation
4.9 ThOroleofpronounsindiscourse
4.1 0Persona0pronouns
4.1 1Possessivepronouns
4.1 2Reflexivepronouns
4.1 3Reciprocalpronouns
4.1 4Demonstrativepronouns
4.1 5indefinitepronouns
4.1 6Otherpronouns
5 Verbs
5.1 Majorverbfunctionsandclasses
5.2 Single-wordiexica0verbs
5.3 Multi-wordiexica0verbs
5.4 Mainandauxiliaryfunctionsofprimaryverbs
5.5 Copularverbs
6 VariationIntheverbphrase：tense，aspect.voice，andmodality
6.1 Structureandmeaningdistinctionsintheverbphrase
6.2 Tonse
6.3 Aspect
6.4 Activeendpassivevoice
6.5 Complexcombinationsofaspectandvoice
6.6 Modalsandsemi，modals
6.7 Combinationsofmode0verbswithmarkedaspectorvoice
6.8 Sequencesofmodalsandsemi.modals
7 Adjectivesandadveri
7.1 Overview
7.2 Definingcharacteristicsofadjectives
7.3 Semanticgroupingofadjectives
7.4 Attributiveadjectives
7.5 Predicativeadjectives
7.6 Adjectivesinothersyntacticroles
7.7 Comparativeandsuperlativedecjr~
7.8 Comparativeclausesandotherdegreecomplements
7.9 Formationofadjectives
7.1 0Adjectivesincombination
7.1 1Overviewofadverbs
7.1 2Theformofadverbs
7.1 3Syntacticrolesofadverbs
7.1 4Semanticcategoriesofadverbs
7.1 5Discoursechoicesfordegreeadverbsasmodifiers
SECTIONDMorecomplexstructures
8 Conplexnounphrses
8.1 Overview
8.2 Structuraltypasofpremodification
8.3 Meaningrelationsexpressedbynoun十nounsequences
8.4 NounphraseswithmultiplepremodItiers
8.5 Restrictivevnon.restrictivepostmodifiers
8.6 Majorstructuraltypesofpostmodification
8.7 Postmodificationbyfiniterelativeclause
8.8 Postmodificationbynon-finiteclause
8.9 Postmodificationbyprepositionalphrase
8.1 0POstmodificationbyappositivenounphrase
8.1 1Nounphraseswithmultiplepostmodifiers
8.1 2Nouncomplementclausesv.nomina0postmodifiers
8.1 3Structuraltypesofnouncomplementclause
8.1 4Headnounstakingnouncomplementdauses
9 Theformandfunctionofcomplementclauses
9.1 Overview
9.2 That-clauses
9.3 Wh-clauses
9.4 infinitireclauses
9.5 Ing-clauses
9.6 Ellipsisandpro-formsubstitutioninpost.predicatecomplementclauses
9.7 Choiceofcomplementclausetype
10 Adverbials
10.1 Overview
10.2 Circumstanceadverbials
10.3 Stanceadverbials
10.4 Linkingadverbials
SECTIONGrammarin0widerperspectiv
11 Wordorderandrelatedsyntacticchoices
11.1 overview
11.2 WOrdorder
11.3 Thepassive
11.4 Existentialthere
11.5 Dislocation
11.6 Clefting
11.7 Syntacticchoicesinconversationv.academicprose
12 Thegrammatic00markingofstance
12.1 Overview
12.2 Majorgrammaticaldevicesusedtoexpressstance
13.3 Majorsemanticdistindionsconveyedbystancemarkers
12.4 Attributionofstantetothespeakerorwdter
12.5 Registerdifferencesinthemarkingofstance
13 Lexlcalexpressionsinspeechandwriting
13.1 Overview
13.2 Lexicalbundles
13.3 idiomaticphrases
13.4 Freecombinationsofverb十particle
13.5 Coordinatedbinomia0phrases
14 Thegrammarofconversation
14.1 introduction
14.2 Performancephenomena：dysfluencyanderror
14.3 Theconstructionalprinciplesofspokengrammar
14.4 Selectedtopicsinconve~tiona0grammar
Appendix
Endnotes
Bibliography
Lexicalindex
Conceptualindex
文库索引