Ⅰ名词(2)

2.代替time的各种不同的名词

“我和王君久别重逢。”译成英文为:

I met Mr. Wang again after a long parting.

不知译得正确否?

【解答】英文的part是讲离别的动作,动名词parting的意思还是如此,如“她在临别时哭了。”(She cried at parting.)“临别赠言”(parting words)“临别的一吻”(a parting kiss)。如果是说离别的期间,就应该说separation,例如“久别重逢,他们非常高兴”。(They were very pleased to meet after such a long separation.)因此,质问中的译文也应改为: I met Mr. Wang after a long separation.

在after a long后面的名词,可随时改用他字。如:

I received a letter from him after a long silence.(许久未通讯,最近才接到他来函。)

I went out for a walk after a long interval.(好久没有出外散步,这回才去了。)

He returned to his native village after a long absence.(他出门很久才回故乡。)这种说法都是for a long time的变化,如after a long separation就等于说whom I had not seen for a long time,而after a long absence就等于说where he had not been for a long time.诸如此类,斟酌情形,是可以采用各种不同的名词来代替time的。

3.raise one’s hand用复数人称时,名词也改复数

“举手”英文说raise one’s hand,是举起一只手来,如遇到强盗,表示不抵抗时,即说hold up one’s hands,是举起双手,普通表示赞成,大家举手时,也说raise their hand行吗?因为若说raise their hands,岂不是每人举起双手来了吗?到底应该用单数还是复数?

【解答】这确是英文的一种不完善的地方,也只怪得人类的双手常不同时动作的缘故,如果是眼睛就没有这个问题,因为两个人仰视时说raise their eyes,一个人时还是raise his eyes.一个人举手时说raise his hand,自然很清楚,表示只举一只手,但多数人时,则说: They all raised their hands.

意思仍然是各人只举一只手,习惯上都知道是举单手不是举双手,虽则可能含有双手之意。不过真正要分别的话,我们还是可以说their both hands来表示举双手的。原则上多数人就要用复数名词,参考下面各种例句:

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